SEISMIC ISOLATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Whittaker, Andrew S.,Kumar, Manish,Kumar, Manish Korean Nuclear Society 2014 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.46 No.5

Seismic isolation is a viable strategy for protecting safety-related nuclear structures from the effects of moderate to severe earthquake shaking. Although seismic isolation has been deployed in nuclear structures in France and South Africa, it has not seen widespread use because of limited new build nuclear construction in the past 30 years and a lack of guidelines, codes and standards for the analysis, design and construction of isolation systems specific to nuclear structures. The funding by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission of a research project to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and MCEER/University at Buffalo facilitated the writing of a soon-to-be-published NUREG on seismic isolation. Funding of MCEER by the National Science Foundation led to research products that provide the technical basis for a new section in ASCE Standard 4 on the seismic isolation of safety-related nuclear facilities. The performance expectations identified in the NUREG and ASCE 4 for seismic isolation systems, and superstructures and substructures are described in the paper. Robust numerical models capable of capturing isolator behaviors under extreme loadings, which have been verified and validated following ASME protocols, and implemented in the open source code OpenSees, are introduced.

Application of a symbolic motion structure representation algorithm to identify upper extremity kinematic changes during a repetitive task

Whittaker, Rachel L.,Park, Woojin,Dickerson, Clark R. Elsevier 2018 Journal of biomechanics Vol.72 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Efficient and holistic identification of fatigue-induced movement strategies can be limited by large between-subject variability in descriptors of joint angle data. One promising alternative to traditional, or computationally intensive methods is the symbolic motion structure representation algorithm (SMSR), which identifies the basic spatial-temporal structure of joint angle data using string descriptors of temporal joint angle trajectories. This study attempted to use the SMSR to identify changes in upper extremity time series joint angle data during a repetitive goal directed task causing muscle fatigue. Twenty-eight participants (15 M, 13 F) performed a seated repetitive task until fatigued. Upper extremity joint angles were extracted from motion capture for representative task cycles. SMSRs, averages and ranges of several joint angles were compared at the start and end of the repetitive task to identify kinematic changes with fatigue. At the group level, significant increases in the range of all joint angle data existed with large between-subject variability that posed a challenge to the interpretation of these fatigue-related changes. However, changes in the SMSRs across participants effectively summarized the adoption of adaptive movement strategies. This establishes SMSR as a viable, logical, and sensitive method of fatigue identification via kinematic changes, with novel application and pragmatism for visual assessment of fatigue development.</P>

Etude contrastive des syntagmes nominaux demonstratifs dans des textes traduits du francais en norvegien et des textes sources norvegiens: strategie de traduction ou translationese ?

( Sunniva Whittaker ) 한국통역번역학회 2004 FORUM Vol.2 No.2

A contrastive study of demonstrative clauses in texts translated from French into Norwegian and in Norwegian source texts. Translation strategy or translationese? This study, which is based on a corpus of non fictional texts, aims at describing how the use of demonstrative clauses differs in texts translated from French into Norwegian and Norwegian source texts. The target texts contain 30% more demonstrative clauses than the source texts. The study shows that in many cases demonstrative clauses in the target texts correspond to other types of expressions in the source texts. The target texts add information that is implicit in the source texts and the use of demonstrative clauses can therefore be considered as the result of an explicitation strategy. The study also reveals a stylistical difference in the use of demonstrative clauses in French and Norwegian. These clauses are often used in French to introduce new information about a referent, a discourse strategy which is much more seldom used in Norwegian. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the frequent use of this particular type of demonstrative clause in texts translated from French into Norwegian can be described as an instance of translationese.

Seismic Isolation of Nuclear Power Plants

ANDREW S. WHITTAKER,MANISH KUMAR 한국원자력학회 2014 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.46 No.5

Seismic isolation is a viable strategy for protecting safety-related nuclear structures from the effects of moderateto severe earthquake shaking. Although seismic isolation has been deployed in nuclear structures in France and SouthAfrica, it has not seen widespread use because of limited new build nuclear construction in the past 30 years and a lack ofguidelines, codes and standards for the analysis, design and construction of isolation systems specific to nuclear structures. The funding by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission of a research project to the Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory and MCEER/University at Buffalo facilitated the writing of a soon-to-be-published NUREG onseismic isolation. Funding of MCEER by the National Science Foundation led to research products that provide thetechnical basis for a new section in ASCE Standard 4 on the seismic isolation of safety-related nuclear facilities. Theperformance expectations identified in the NUREG and ASCE 4 for seismic isolation systems, and superstructures andsubstructures are described in the paper. Robust numerical models capable of capturing isolator behaviors under extremeloadings, which have been verified and validated following ASME protocols, and implemented in the open source codeOpenSees, are introduced.

Biologically-Responsive Polymeric MRI Agents

Andrew K. Whittaker 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Glycosaminoglycan-based biomaterials for growth factor and cytokine delivery: Making the right choices

Hachim, Daniel,Whittaker, Thomas E.,Kim, Hyemin,Stevens, Molly M. Elsevier 2019 Journal of controlled release Vol.313 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Controlled, localized drug delivery is a long-standing goal of medical research, realization of which could reduce the harmful side-effects of drugs and allow more effective treatment of wounds, cancers, organ damage and other diseases. This is particularly the case for protein “drugs” and other therapeutic biological cargoes, which can be challenging to deliver effectively by conventional systemic administration. However, developing biocompatible materials that can sequester large quantities of protein and release them in a sustained and controlled manner has proven challenging. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) represent a promising class of bio-derived materials that possess these key properties and can additionally potentially enhance the biological effects of the delivered protein. They are a diverse group of linear polysaccharides with varied functionalities and suitabilities for different cargoes. However, most investigations so far have focused on a relatively small subset of GAGs – particularly heparin, a readily available, promiscuously-binding GAG. There is emerging evidence that for many applications other GAGs are in fact more suitable for regulated and sustained delivery. In this review, we aim to illuminate the beneficial properties of various GAGs with reference to specific protein cargoes, and to provide guidelines for informed choice of GAGs for therapeutic applications.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Synthesis and Post-Polymerisation Ligations of PEG-Based Hyperbranched Polymers for RNA Conjugation via Reversible Disulfide Linkage

Aditya Ardana,Andrew K. Whittaker,Kristofer J. Thurecht 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.6

The synthesis of architectural polymers with multiple reactive functionalities offers significant promise as platform technologies for development of nanomedicines that require hybrid biomolecule-nanomaterial components. However, there can often be a mismatch in compatibility between the conditions required for the coupling chemistry, while maintaining stability of the biomolecule. This leads to decreased yields and poor functional fidelity. In this report, we describe the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers, where reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer (RAFT) polymerization is used to control chain molecular weight, end group functionality and the final size of the hyperbranched polymer. Through optimization of the reaction conditions, we demonstrate that branched polymers with controlled size can be synthesized. The subsequent modification of the end-groups within the branched polymer through coupling to small oligonucleotides is then systematically investigated as a function of coupling chemistry. We demonstrate that to achieve the highest degree of coupling, chain extension of the end-group away from the sterically-hindered core of the polymer is required, and that the use of strained alkyne-azide coupling reactions appear to show the highest level of efficiency under the conditions studied. Indeed, when mixed attachment of both fluorescent dye molecules and oligos is attempted under these conditions, almost quantitative end-group modification is achieved. Overall, we highlight the importance of choosing compatible chemistries that allow efficient coupling of biomolecules to synthetic substrates under mild conditions to achieve optimal reaction performance.

Novel PHEMA Hydrogels Containing Sulfonated PEG

손영교,정영필,김지홍,김영하,Andrew,K. Whittaker 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.4

Expulsion and Effect of SWIFT as a Means of Blocking International Financial Transactions

Michael McKee(마이클 맥키),Chris Whittaker(크리스 휘테이커) 전략물자관리원 2022 TRADE&SECURITY 저널 Vol.- No.3

Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model

Kim, J.,Realff, M.J.,Lee, J.H.,Whittaker, C.,Furtner, L. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.35 No.2

This paper presents a general optimization model that enables the selection of fuel conversion technologies, capacities, biomass locations, and the logistics of transportation from the locations of forestry resources to the conversion sites and then to the final markets. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model has been formulated and implemented in a commercial software package (GAMS) using databases built in Excel. The MILP represents decisions regarding (1) the optimal number, locations, and sizes of various types of processing plants, (2) the amounts of biomass, intermediate products, and final products to be transported between the selected locations over a selected period, and maximizes the objective function of overall profit. The model has been tested based on an industry-representative data set that contains information on the existing wood resources, final product market locations and demands, and candidate locations and sizes for different types of processing plants, as well as the costs associated with the various processing units and transportation of materials, covering the Southeastern region of the United States. The model is applied to design both a distributed, and a more centralized, conversion system. The overall profits, values, cost, and supply network designs of both systems are analyzed using the optimization model. In particular, we investigate: 1) which parameters have major effect on the overall economics, and 2) the benefits of going to more distributed types of processing networks, in terms of the overall economics and the robustness to demand variations.