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Why is Peace Elusive in Myanmar? An Answer from the Perspective of Thai Philosopher Prawase Wasi
( Tony Waters ),( Somboon Panyakom ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.9 No.2
We re-evaluate Burmese history from the perspective of Thai philosopher Prawase Wasi who asserts that the basis for society is not simply individuals but the “self-forming group.” He discusses the essential nature of a self-forming group which is embodied in the Thai Buddhist concept of taam, which are sacred virtues emerging from self-organizing groups. In between the taam and self-forming groups are institutions of the state, economy, and education, etc. Prawase Wasi’s approach has been used in Thailand to guide government policies for the last twenty years. In this article, we apply this model to the history of conflict in Burma. We contrast this approach with the more traditional focus on individualism and utilitarianism in western high modernism which typically shapes development policies.
Debra Lynn Waters 대한노인병학회 2019 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.23 No.1
Adipose tissue redistributes during aging resulting in increased intermuscular adipose tis-sue (IMAT), intramuscular, and intramyocellular lipid while subcutaneous fat decreases. IMAT has been associated with lower muscle strength, power, and quality, chronic inflam-mation, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated total cholesterol in older adults. This review focused on trials investigating the role of age, physical activity and diet on IMAT. The studies agreed that IMAT increases with age and seems to be responsive to physical activity, particularly the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise. However, some reported this could occur with or without weight loss, and some reported that high IMAT at baseline may blunt the muscle quality adaptive response to physical training. Larger and longer trials are needed to differentiate the independent or synergistic effects of re-sistance and/or aerobic training, and obesity and weight loss combined with resistance, aerobic or combination of aerobic and resistance training on IMAT.
HAZARD - RATING SYSTEMS FOR FOREST PESTS
William E . Waters 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.71 No.1
The term hazard denotes the relative probability of occurrence of pest-caused damage to individual trees and/or forest stands, usually with reference to a specific insect or disease. Hazard ratings generally are based on individual tree, stand, or site factors associated with the frequency and severity of observed damage. Thus, they require a sound and thorough knowledge of pest-host-site relationships expressed quantitatively. Since natural enemies and host resistance also affect probabilities of pest build-up and damage, these factors should be incorporated into hazard rating, insofar ;is possible. Several approaches to the development of ranting systems, and their importance in pest management, are discussed.
Seok Jin Myoung,Waters Patrick,Jeon Mi Young,Lee Hye Lim,Baek Seol-Hee,Park Jin-Sung,Kang Sa-Yoon,Kwon Ohyun,Oh Jeeyoung,Oh Jeeyoung,Park Kyung-Ah,Oh Sei Yeul,Kim Byoung Joon,Min Ju-Hong 대한진단검사의학회 2024 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.44 No.1
Background: The clinical implications of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies (MOG-Abs) are increasing. Establishing MOG-Ab assays is essential for effectively treating patients with MOG-Abs. We established an in-house cell-based assay (CBA) to detect MOG-Abs to identify correlations with patients’ clinical characteristics. Methods: We established the CBA using HEK 293 cells transiently overexpressing full-length human MOG, tested it against 166 samples from a multicenter registry of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders, and compared the results with those of the Oxford MOG-Ab-based CBA and a commercial MOG-Ab CBA kit. We recruited additional patients with MOG-Abs and compared the clinical characteristics of MOG-Ab-associated disease (MOGAD) with those of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Results: Of 166 samples tested, 10 tested positive for MOG-Abs, with optic neuritis (ON) being the most common manifestation (4/15, 26.7%). The in-house and Oxford MOG-Ab CBAs agreed for 164/166 (98.8%) samples (κ=0.883, P<0.001); two patients (2/166, 1.2%) were only positive in our in-house CBA, and the CBA scores of the two laboratories correlated well (r=0.663, P<0.001). The commercial MOG-Ab CBA kit showed one false-negative and three false-positive results. The clinical presentation at disease onset differed between MOGAD and NMOSD; ON was the most frequent manifestation in MOGAD, and transverse myelitis was most frequent in NMOSD. Conclusions: The in-house CBA for MOG-Abs demonstrated reliable results and can potentially be used to evaluate CNS inflammatory disorders. A comprehensive, long-term study with a large patient population would clarify the clinical significance of MOG-Abs.