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( Sang Won Um ),( Sang Hee Lee ),( Ho Joong Kim ),( O Jung Kwon ),( Hang Rae Kim ),( Jae Seung Kang ),( Wang Jae Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2011 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.70 No.3
Background: Transcription factor FOXP3 characterizes the thymically derived regulatory T cells. FOXP3 is expressed by cancer cell itself and FOXP3 expression was induced by TGF-β treatment in pancreatic cancer cell line. However, the expression of FOXP3 expression is not well known in patients with lung cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of FOXP3 in patients with lung cancer and to investigate the regulation of FOXP3 expression by the treatment of TGF-β and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in lung cancer cell lines. Methods: FOXP3 expression in the tissue of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The regulation of FOXP3 expression was investigated by Western blot and RT-PCR after lung cancer cell lines were stimulated with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. The regulation of FOXP3 expression was also investigated by RT-PCR and flow cytometry after lung cancer cell lines were treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-AZA-dC). Results: FOXP3 expression was confirmed in 27% of patients with NSCLC. In NCI-H460 cell line, TGF-β2 decreased FOXP3 mRNA and protein expressions. In A549 cell line, both TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 decreased FOXP3 mRNA and protein expressions. 5-AZA-dC increased FOXP3 mRNA expression in NCI-H460 and A549 cell lines. Moreover, 5-AZA-dC increased intracellular FOXP3 protein expression in A549 cell lines. Conclusion: It was shown that FOXP3 is expressed by cancer cell itself in patients with NSCLC. Treatment of TGF- β2 and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor seems to be associated with the regulation of FOXP3 expression in lung cancer cell lines.
Lee, Yeon Kyung,Choi, Jungil,Wang, Wenping,Lee, Soyoung,Nam, Tae-Hyun,Choi, Wan Sung,Kim, Chang-Joon,Lee, Jong Kwon,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Kang, Sang Soo,Khang, Dongwoo American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.10
<P>As the majority of side effects of current chemotherapies stems from toxicity due to excessive dosing of anticancer drugs, minimizing the amount of drug while maximizing drug efficacy is essential to increase the life-quality of chemotherapy patients. This study demonstrated that the intracellular delivery of amide linked doxorubicin on carbon nanotube can nullify the efflux of cancer cells by achieving prolonged endolysosome delivery and can induce burst release of doxorubicin in an acidic hydrolase environment and, ultimately, can reduce the amount of anticancer drug by 10-fold compared to conventional effective drug dose. The clearance of accumulated carbon nanotubes in the liver was observed after 4 weeks, and analysis of liver toxicity markers showed no significant changes in GOT and GPT levels and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines across both short- and long-term periods.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-10/nn4041206/production/images/medium/nn-2013-041206_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn4041206'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Primary meningeal rhabdomyosarcoma associated with chronic subdural effusion
Lee, Ji Yeoun,Kim, Bo Sung,Phi, Ji Hoon,Kang, Hyoung Jin,Park, Sung-Hye,Wang, Kyu-Chang,Kim, Il Han,Cho, Byung-Kyu,Kim, Seung-Ki Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group 2010 Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Vol.5 No.2
<P>Primary sarcomas of the CNS are rare and are sometimes associated with chronic subdural effusion (SDE). Approximately 10 patients with such presentations have been reported. The authors report the case of a 5-year-old boy with multiple subdural masses and SDE. An SDE had been diagnosed when the patient was 2 months old, and he received a subduroperitoneal shunt when he was 5 months old. Since then, he had been clinically stable and well for 5 years. When he presented with acute headache, nausea, and vomiting, a newly developed tumor was found. Near-total resection of the tumor was performed, and the mass was diagnosed as an embryonal-type rhabdomyosarcoma. The child was given radiation therapy and 13 cycles of chemotherapy and is still free of disease 13 months after surgery.</P>
Advances in CRISPR-Cas systems for RNA targeting, tracking and editing
Wang, Fei,Wang, Lianrong,Zou, Xuan,Duan, Suling,Li, Zhiqiang,Deng, Zixin,Luo, Jie,Lee, Sang Yup,Chen, Shi Elsevier 2019 BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES Vol.37 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems, especially type II (Cas9) systems, have been widely used in gene/genome targeting. Modifications of Cas9 enable these systems to become platforms for precise DNA manipulations. However, the utilization of CRISPR-Cas systems in RNA targeting remains preliminary. The discovery of type VI CRISPR-Cas systems (Cas13) shed light on RNA-guided RNA targeting. Cas13d, the smallest Cas13 protein, with a length of only ~930 amino acids, is a promising platform for RNA targeting compatible with viral delivery systems. Much effort has also been made to develop Cas9, Cas13a and Cas13b applications for RNA-guided RNA targeting. The discovery of new RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems as well as the development of RNA-targeting platforms with Cas9 and Cas13 will promote RNA-targeting technology substantially. Here, we review new advances in RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems as well as advances in applications of these systems in RNA targeting, tracking and editing. We also compare these Cas protein-based technologies with traditional technologies for RNA targeting, tracking and editing. Finally, we discuss remaining questions and prospects for the future.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> RNA targeting and editing are becoming increasingly important </LI> <LI> CRISPR-Cas systems are advancing for RNA targeting, tracking and editing </LI> <LI> The type VI CRISPR-Cas systems are useful for RNA-guided RNA targeting </LI> <LI> Use of Cas9 and Cas13 will advance RNA-targeting technologies </LI> </UL> </P>
Self-Position of Au NPs in Perovskite Solar Cells: Optical and Electrical Contribution
Lee, Da Seul,Kim, Wanjung,Cha, Bong Geun,Kwon, Jeong,Kim, Sung June,Kim, Min,Kim, Jaeyun,Wang, Dong Hwan,Park, Jong Hyeok American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.1
<P>Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and act as scattering centers and subwavelength antennas, so metallic NPs can be incorporated into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to effectively improve the light absorption of light harvesting devices. Here, we have embedded Au nanoparticles (NPs) into the hole transport layer (HTL) of the PSCs to investigate the photovoltaic effect of the PSCs with Au NPs. Interestingly, it was found that Au NPs dispersed spiro-OMeTAD HTL solution could naturally end up located near the perovskite layer as the result of the spin-coating step. Solar cell performance observations indicate that the LSPR and electrical effects of Au NPs enhance the photovoltaic response of PSCs, in spite of a slight decrease in the open-circuit voltage (V-OC), by causing an incredible improvement in the photocurrent density as a dominant factor.</P>
Design of Compact Quadruple Inverted-F Antenna With Circular Polarization for GPS Receiver
Wang-Ik Son,Won-Gyu Lim,Moon-Que Lee,Sang-Bo Min,Jong-Won Yu IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Vol.58 No.5
<P>A compact quadruple inverted-F antenna (QIFA) with right-hand circular polarization for global positioning system (GPS) receiver is presented. The proposed QIFA consists of four spiral-shaped inverted-F antennas fed by a compact multilayered feed network. In order to improve the radiation efficiency of four-port feed antenna like QIFA, we analyze an optimum matching method considering both reflection coefficient at each port and the mutual coupling between ports simultaneously. Experimental results show that QIFA of size 10 x 10 x 12 mm<SUP>3</SUP> has a 3-dB beamwidth of more than 130<SUP>°</SUP>, the peak gain of -1 dBic and the axial ratio under 2 dB.</P>
A Study on the Establishment and Transformations of Chinese Type Quangos
Sang-Cheoul Lee,Yunxia Wang 한국행정학회 2005 International Review of Public Administration Vol.10 No.1
This paper intends to examine the establishment and transformation of Quango (Quasi-autonomous Non-Governmental Organizations) in transitional China. Regarding Quango, China slightly differs from the western countries due to China’s unique economic, social and political context. The paper starts with a discussion of some of the criteria used in the Quango Continuum in order to make sure they correspond to the administrative and political characteristics of China. I suggest that the Quango Continuum could be slightly modified to apply better to China. The second part of the paper presents the China quasi-autonomous organizations, their main characteristics, and the reforms that have concerned these organizations. an overview of the main political, economic, social and legal reforms as well as globalization undertaken will be given, to place Quangos in the administrative context in which they act. Finally the paper takes trade associations as an example to examine their establishment and transformation. They are typical Quango that spends public money to fulfill a public task but with some degree of independence from elected representatives. Most of them are created from top to bottom. Trade associations thus generally demonstrate the characters of stronger government especially during China’s transitional period. However, the government begins to encourage trade associations to seek independence in their finance, personnel, and activities recently in order to reduce its financial pressure. The trend is clear that they are becoming increasingly independent with the deepening of China’s reform.
Lee, J.H.,Wang, Wei,Kweon, Sung Hwan,Kim, Young Shin,Lee, Young Moon,Yang, Seung Han Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Key Engineering Materials Vol.339 No.-
<P>The procedure of structural design on miniaturized machine tool (mMT) is proposed and structural optimization by applying robustness evaluation method is presented in this paper. The design procedure of a kind of mMT which is a 3-axis miniaturized milling machine tool (mMMT) is discussed and three different structures of mMMT are proposed based on previous design procedure. The most suitable structure is selected using robustness evaluation method, which is Taguchi method, due to volumetric error function. The design parameters of selected structure are optimized.</P>