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Kai, X.Z.,Li, Z.Q.,Fan, G.L.,Guo, Q.,Xiong, D.B.,Zhang, W.L.,Su, Y.S.,Lu, W.J.,Moon, W.J.,Zhang, D. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.587 No.-
Reinforcement agglomeration always leads to severe stress concentration and porosity, which is detrimental to the deformation ability and mechanical properties of particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites. In this study, uniform distribution of 32vol%B<SUB>4</SUB>C has been achieved in B<SUB>4</SUB>C/Al composite by means of flake powder metallurgy (Flake PM), in which flake Al powder is used as the starting material. The flake Al powder exhibits higher apparent volume than spherical powders of the same mass, and thus can provide more space to accommodate the B<SUB>4</SUB>C particles. Therefore, compared with conventional PM, Flake PM can lead to more uniform distribution of B<SUB>4</SUB>C particles in the composite powder as well as in the consolidated composite. Meanwhile, the flake Al powder has a nano skin of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, which could be fractured and dispersed inside the fine matrix grains during consolidation, and were found to induce a higher normalized strain hardening rate for the composite during deformation. As a result, the Flake PM 32vol%B<SUB>4</SUB>C/Al composite exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 305MPa and a uniform elongation of 6.6%, 63% stronger and 13% more ductile than its counterpart fabricated by conventional PM.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis Natto on Meat Quality and Skatole Content in TOPIGS Pigs
Sheng, Q.K.,Zhou, K.F.,Hu, H.M.,Zhao, H.B.,Zhang, Y.,Ying, W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5
This study investigated the effect of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) natto on meat quality and skatole in TOPIGS pigs. Sixty TOPIGS pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups (including 5 pens per group, with 4 pigs in each pen) and fed with basic diet (control group), basic diet plus 0.1% B. subtilis natto (B group), and basic diet plus 0.1% B. subtilis natto plus 0.1% B. coagulans (BB group), respectively. All pigs were sacrificed at 100 kg. Growth performance, meat quality, serum parameters and oxidation status in the three groups were assessed and compared. Most parameters regarding growth performance and meat quality were not significantly different among the three groups. However, compared with the control group, meat $pH_{24}$, fat and feces skatole and the content of Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Clostridium, $NH_3$-N were significantly reduced in the B and BB groups, while serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, the levels of liver P450, CYP2A6, and CYP2E1, total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase and Lactobacilli in feces were significantly increased in the B and BB groups. Further, the combined supplementation of B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans showed more significant effects on the parameters above compared with B. subtilis, and Clostridium, and $NH_3$-N. Our results indicate that the supplementation of pig feed with B. subtilis natto significantly improves meat quality and flavor, while its combination with B. coagulans enhanced these effects.
Zhang A. W.,B. D. Lee,K. W. Lee,G. H. An 한국가금학회 2003 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.20 No.-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae(SC)가 육계의 성장능력과 육질 개선효과가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 2회의 사양시험을 수행하였다. 실험1에서는 갓 부화한 160수의 수컷 병아리를 두 처리로 나눈 후에, 각각 0 %와 3.0 %의 SC를 함유한 사료를 5주간 급여하였다. 실험2에서는 240수의 수컷 병아리를 4처리로 나눈 후, 가각 0, 0.3, 1.0 및 3.0 %의 SC를 역시 5주간 급여하였다.<br/> 실험1에서는 SC 급여구는 무급여구에 비하여 체중이 무거운 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 실험2에서는 SC 급여수준이 증가함에 따라 체중과 사료섭취량이 유의하게 증가하였다(linear P<0.05). 실험1에서는 SC 첨가는 다리근육(drumstick)의 전단력을 유의하게 감소시켰으나, 삶은 다리근육에서는 이러한 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 실험2에서는 흉근과 대퇴근 및 다리근육 및 피부의 산화 안정성은 SC 첨가에 의하여 유의하게 개선되었다.
다중 시냅스가 뉴런의 반응에 미치는 영향에 대한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 연구
구본웅(B.-W. Ku),장병탁(B.-T. Zhang) 한국정보과학회 2008 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.35 No.1
신경계에서 뉴런은 다른 한 뉴런에 두 개 이상의 시냅스를 통해 연결되곤 한다. 이런 다중 시냅스 연결은 시냅스 가중치를 높이는 것과 마찬가지라고 보는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 다른 가능성을 제시한다. 두 뉴런 사이의 다중 시냅스 연결이 시냅스전 (presynaptic) 뉴런으로부터 스파이크 (spike) 입력을 받는 한 시냅스후 (postsynaptic) 뉴런의 반응에 어떤 영향을 주는지 살펴보았다. 다중 시냅스 연결이 있는 경우, 단일 시냅스 연결만 있는 경우와는 다른 입력 패턴에 대해서 시냅스 후 뉴런이 반응했다. 다중 시냅스를 포함하는 경우끼리도 뉴런 상의 연결 위치가 달라지면 또 다른 입력 패턴에 대해서만 반응했다. 이 결과들은 다중 시냅스 연결이 가중치 증가와 다른 역할을 하고, 다중 시냅스 연결을 이루는 각 시냅스의 위치에 따라 신경망의 정보 처리 특성이 달라질 수도 있음을 암시한다.
Zhang, C. J.,Lim, S. H.,Kim, J. W.,Song, J. S.,Yook, M. J.,Nah, G.,Valverde, B. E.,Kim, D. S. Canadian Science Publishing 2015 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.95 No.6
<P> Zhang, C. J., Lim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Song, J. S., Yook, M. J., Nah, G., Valverde, N. E. and Kim, D. S. 2015. Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1181-1192. The aim of the presented study was to develop a bioassay for rapid diagnosis of herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa. Pre-germinated seeds of Echinochloa spp. were incubated in growth pouches (18 cm×16.5 cm) containing herbicide solutions in a range of concentrations. Shoot and root lengths were measured after 6 d of incubation. Dose-responses estimated by measuring root lengths in the growth pouches were well-described by the log-logistic dose-response model and similar to those estimated by a whole-plant assay. Accurate dose-response curves were successfully generated for several herbicides with different modes of action, suggesting that the growth pouch method can be used for herbicide bioassays. The suitability of the growth pouch method for rapid diagnosis of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in Echinochloa spp. was also tested. For cyhalofop-butyl, resistant and susceptible biotypes were discriminated at 180-300 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 80-120 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and late watergrass (E. oryzicola), respectively. For penoxsulam, the discriminatory dosage was 350-500 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass and 650-1000 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for late watergrass. The method was further used to identify late watergrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to two other ALS inhibitors, azimsulfuron and bispyribac-sodium. Our results show that the growth pouch method can be reliably used in herbicide dose-response studies and to diagnose herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp., with significant time and cost savings compared with conventional whole-plant assays. </P>
FUEL PROPERTIES AND EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHANOL-DIESEL BLEND ON SMALL DIESEL ENGINE
B. Y. XU,Y. L. QI,W. B. ZHANG,S. L. CAI 한국자동차공학회 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.1
Phase separation and low cetane number are the main barriers to the large-scale use of ethanol-diesel blend fuel on small diesel engines. In this paper, an additive package is designed on the basis of the blended fuel properties to overcome these limitations. The experiments show that the solubility of ethanol in diesel is evidently increased by adding 1~2% (in volume) of the additive package and the flammability of ethanol-diesel blend fuel with the additive has reached the neat diesel level under the cold start conditions. Effects of the ethanol content in diesel on fuel economy, combustion characteristics, and emission characteristics are also investigated with the ethanol blend ratios of 10%, 20% and 30%. The increase in ethanol content shows that the specific fuel consumption and the brake thermal efficiency are both gradually increased compared to neat diesel. The soot concentrations of the three blended fuels are all greatly lower than that of neat diesel. NOx emission is increased with an increase in the engine load and is reduced with the increase in the ethanol blend ratio under a high load.