http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Role of endogenous 4-1BB in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus
Vinay, Dass S.,Choi, Jae H.,Kim, Jung D.,Choi, Beom K.,Kwon, Byoung S. Blackwell Scientific Publications 2007 Immunology Vol.122 No.3
<P>Summary</P><P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of autoantibodies directed against nuclear antigens including nucleosomes and DNA. To determine the role of T-cell costimulatory molecule 4-1BB in the regulation of SLE, MRL-<I>Fas</I><SUP><I>lpr</I></SUP> (<I>lpr</I>) mice deficient in 4-1BB (<I>lpr</I>/4-1BB<SUP>–/–</SUP>) were generated and their disease phenotype was compared to that of control <I>lpr</I> mice. The main finding of this study is that the <I>lpr</I>/4-1BB<SUP>–/–</SUP> mice had more pronounced skin lesions which appeared earlier, increased lymphadenopathy, increased renal damage, and higher mortality than 4-1BB-intact control <I>lpr</I> mice. The increased severity of lesions in <I>lpr</I>/4-1BB<SUP>–/–</SUP> mice was closely associated with increases in CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T, CD3<SUP>+</SUP> B220<SUP>+</SUP> double-negative T cells, serum immunoglobulin, anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and tissue immunoglobulin deposits. These data suggest that the 4-1BB−4-1BB ligand signalling pathway plays an important role in SLE and that deletion of 4-1BB confers susceptibility to <I>lpr</I> mice, leading to accelerated induction of disease and early mortality.</P>
Vinay Prasad Mandal,Sufia Rehman,Raihan Ahmed,Md. Masroor,Pavan Kumar,Haroon Sajjad 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.5
The main objective of the study is to assess land suitability for suggesting suitable crop sequences in Katihar district of Bihar, India. We first selected site-specific factors and assigned their weights using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for land suitability assessment. The layers of factors were integrated to prepare land suitability map. The findings revealed that of the total area (3.05 million ha), the largest area (48.5%) was marginally suitable for agriculture followed by moderately suitable (30.8%) and highly suitable (2.9%). Nearly 17.8% area was found unsuitable for agriculture. Rice–maize– rice, rice–maize–jute and maize–maize–rice were found suitable crop sequences in all suitability classes. Multilinear regression analysis between land suitability and factors shows that soil texture, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pH and drainage proximity influenced land suitability. The study suggested soil reclamation, application of adequate amount of fertilizers, assured irrigation and flood control for sustainable crop sequences in the study area. Land restoration and soil reclamation measures should be taken to transform unsuitable areas for crop cultivation. Use of integrated geographical information system and AHP approach for analyzing land suitability and crop sequences may add a new dimension in spatial information science.
Vinay Kumar Pandey,Anjali Tripathi,Shivangi Srivastava,Aamir Hussain Dar,Rahul Singh,Alvina Farooqui,Sneha Pandey 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.7
Fruits are an abundant source of minerals and nutrients. High nutritional value and easy-to-consume property have increased its demand. In a way to fulfil this need, farmers have increased production, thus making it available for consumers in various regions. This distribution of fruits to various regions deals with many associated problems like deterioration and spoilage. In a way, the common practices that are being used are stored at low temperatures, preservation with chemicals, and many more. Recently, edible coating has emerged as a promising preservation technique to combat the above-mentioned problems. Edible coating stands for coating fruits with bioactive compounds which maintains the nutritional characteristics of fruit and also enhances the shelf life. The property of edible coating to control moisture loss, solute movement, gas exchange, and oxidation makes it most suitable to use. Preservation is uplifted by maintaining the nutritional and physicochemical properties of fruits with the effectiveness of essential oils. The essential oil contains antioxidant, antimicrobial, flavor, and probiotic properties. The utilization of essential oil in the edible coating has increased the property of coating. This review includes the process of extraction, potential benefits and applications of essential oils in food industry.
Numerical investigation of a star's trajectory in binary Quasar system
VINAY KUMAR,BEENA R GUPTA,RAJIV AGGARWAL 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.3
In this paper, we have considered Time-Frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets for the identification and classification of trajectories in a nonlinear dynamical model. Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) is the relatively fast method. Ridge-plots (Time-frequency landscape) obtained from Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) extracts instantaneous frequency from the phase of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The nonlinear model considered in the analysis is the binary system of quasars hosted in the pair of interacting disk galaxies introduced recently. We have characterized the different type of trajectories like periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic sticky, chaotic non-sticky, weakly and strongly chaotic. We have shown a comparative study between Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) and a well-established method Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent (LCE). We have also presented the graphs explaining the phenomenon of transient chaos and resonance trapping.
Vinay, T.N.,Park, C.S.,Kim, H.Y.,Jung, S.J. Elsevier 2014 Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Vol. No.
Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance the immune response of a given antigen. Most of the adjuvants are toxic at certain doses, and toxicity varies in different species. Moreover, there are no standard dosage limits set for adjuvant use in fish vaccines. We evaluated the acute toxicity, serum enzymes (AST/ALT) indicating hepatic injury and histopathological changes due to intra-peritoneal administration of different concentrations of a panel of adjuvants including quillaja saponin, aluminum hydroxide, squalene emulsion and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) with a dose ranging study of saponin (500, 160, 50, 16 and 5μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>), aluminum hydroxide (5000, 1600, 500, 160 and 50μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>), squalene emulsion (20, 10 and 5%), and FIA to determine the acceptable dosage for vaccination in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fingerlings measuring 4.66+/-0.41g, 8.47+/-0.42cm. Saponin was highly toxic with a LD<SUB>50</SUB> of approximately 105μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> (22.4mgkg<SUP>-1</SUP>) causing severe histological damage and AST level was high at dose above 16μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> and ALT, specific for liver damage was high only at 160μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> (11U/L) and was safe at 5μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>. Aluminum hydroxide was toxic at 5000μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> and was acceptable at dose below 1600μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> with moderate histology and AST/ALT levels similar with control. Squalene emulsion showed increased inflammation at 20% and 10% emulsions and the inflammatory response was mild at a concentration of 5% oil emulsion and AST/ALT levels being similar to control in 10% and 5% emulsions and elevated in 20% on both sampling days. FIA was not lethal, but induced severe inflammation at injection site and around blood vessels. In comparison to FIA, saponin found to be safe at dose of 5μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>, aluminum hydroxide below 1600μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>, and squalene at 5% emulsion and could be accepted for vaccination studies. These results provide an insight for the selection of safer dose of adjuvants for intra-peritoneal vaccination of olive flounder.
Vinay Kumar Banka,김영주,이윤상,정재민 대한방사성의약품학회 2020 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.6 No.2
[99mTc]Tc-Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) is currently used as a regional cerebral blood flow imaging agent for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The HMPAO ligand exists in two isomeric forms: d,l and meso showing different properties in vivo. Later studies indicated that brain uptake patterns of 99mTc-complexes formed from separated enantiomers differed. Separation of enantiomers is difficult by fractional crystallizations method. Usually, the substance is obtained in low chemical yield in a time-consuming procedure. Furthermore, the final product still contains some impurity. So we have developed new efficient route for synthesis of R,R - and S,S -HMPAO enantiomeric compounds in 6-steps. Nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine either with S- (1a) or R-methyl-2-chloropropanoate (1b) were performed to produce compounds R,R- (2a) or S,S -isomer (2b) derivatives protected with benzylchloroformate (Cbz), respectively. And then Weinreb amide and methylation reaction using Grignard reagent, oxime formation with ketone group and deprotectiion of Cbz group by hydrogenolysis gave S,S- (7a) or R,R-HMPAO (7b), respectively. Entaniomeric compounds were synthesied with high yield and purity without any undesired product. The 7a or 7b kits containing 10 µg SnCl2-2H2O were labeled with 99mTc with high radiolabeling yield (90%).