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Vinay Raichur,V. Kusum Devi 한국약제학회 2017 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.47 No.4
In the present research, methotrexate (MTX) loaded ultra-small PLGA nanoparticles were formulated with an aim of passively targeting the bone for effective treatment of metastatic condition. Formulations were prepared by using 32 factorial designs to evaluate the impact of the formulation variables on the dependant variables. The prepared formulations were subjected for nano-characterization and in vitro haemolysis evaluation. Nanocharacterization with Malvern particle size analyser depicted a particle size below 10 nm, zeta potential ([30) indicating a very high stability with entrapment efficiency of formulation ([60 %) and drug release of [80 % sustaining for 7 days. Kinetic modelling showed that the formulations showed best fit for Korsmeyer Peppas model with r value of 0.9875. TEM and AFM studies showed ultra small nanoparticles with a spherical shape and smooth surface respectively. In-vitro bone affinity studies showed that the nanoformulation had higher affinity for Hydroxyapatite than the pure drug alone. In-vitro haemolytic assay showed a reduced haemotoxicity of the MTX when encapsulated in a nanosystem rather the pure drug.
Vinay Mahishale,Bhagyashri Patil,Mitchelle Lolly,Ajith Eti,Sujeer Khan 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2015 전남의대학술지 Vol.51 No.2
There is growing evidence that tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for tuberculosis(TB). India, with a population of 1.26 billion, has the highest number of bothTB patients and smokers. The convergence of these two important health hazards islikely severely affecting India’s TB control programs. This study was carried out to determinethe prevalence of smoking in newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients and theimpact of smoking on disease outcomes in a tertiary care hospital. All patients newlydiagnosed with pulmonary TB as per the Revised National Tuberculosis Program ofIndia (RNTCP) 2013 criteria were enrolled in the study. On the basis of their self-reportedsmoking status, the participants were classified as never smokers, currentsmokers, and ex-smokers. Patients were started on anti-TB treatment and were followedfor 2 years. Among the 2350 subjects (1,758 males and 592 females), 1,593 patients(67.78%) were never smokers. Current and ex-smokers numbered 757 (32.21%),of which 751 (31.95%) were males and 6 (0.26%) were females. Smoking was associatedwith more extensive lung disease, lung cavitation, and positive sputum smear and cultureresults at baseline. In both current smokers and ex-smokers, sputum smears andcultures were significantly more likely to remain positive after 2 months of treatment. Ex-smokers and current smokers had significantly high rates of defaults, treatmentfailures, and relapses. The prevalence of smoking is very high in TB patients. Tobaccosmoking is associated with a considerably increased risk of advanced and more severedisease in the form of lung cavitations, positive sputum smear and culture results, andslower smear and culture conversion after initiation of treatment. Smoking has a greatnegative effect on treatment completion, cure rates, and relapse rates in patients withpulmonary TB.
Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Terminology, mechanisms and management
Vinay Kumar BR,Shiv Kumar Sarin 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.3
Acute-on-chronic liver failure is an acute deterioration of liver function manifesting as jaundice and coagulopathy with the development of ascites, with a high probability of extrahepatic organ involvement and high 28-day mortality. The pathogenesis involves extensive hepatic necrosis, which is associated with severe systemic inflammation and subsequently causes the cytokine storm, leading to portal hypertension, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. These patients have increased gut permeability, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) in the blood, leading to hyper-immune activation and the secretion of cytokines, followed by immune paralysis, causing the development of infections and organ failure in a proportion of patients. Early detection and the institution of treatment, especially in the "Golden Window" period of 7 days, gives an opportunity for reversal of the syndrome. Scores like the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) ACLF research consortium (AARC) score, a model for end stage liver disease (MELD), and the CLIF Consortium acute-on-chronic liver failure (CLIF-C ACLF) score can help in the prediction of mortality. Treatment strategy includes treatment of acute insult. Patients should be considered for early transplant with MELD score >28, AARC score >10, high-grade hepatic encephalopathy, and in the absence of >2 organ failure or overt sepsis to improve survival of up to 80% at five years. Patients, with no option of transplant, can be treated with emerging therapies like faecal microbial transplant, plasma exchange, etc., which need further evaluation.
Vinay KalagoudaMahishale,Naveen Angadi,Vjayanand metgudmath,Mitchelle Lolly,Ajith Eti,Sujeer Khan 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.2
Background and Objectives: Tobacco smoking has been established as a major risk factorfor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women of developing countries,but emerging evidence suggests that biomass fuel is an important risk factor aswell. The primary objective of the study was to find the true prevalence of COPD inIndian women exposed to biomass fuel using spirometry. We also aimed to find the determinantsof underdiagnosis of COPD in these participants. Methods: Women with a history of exposure to biomass fuel for >10 years were screenedfor COPD using spirometry following all standard protocols as per GOLD/ATS/ERSdefinitions. Results: Of the 2868 women screened, a total of 529 (18.4%) women were confirmedto have COPD in which 123 (4.2%) were “Women with known COPD” and 406 (14.2%)“Women with new COPD”. The mean age at the time of Diagnosis was 61±5.2 and 47±3.6respectively. The duration of exposure to biomass fuel had a great impact on the riskof COPD with OR 1.2, 95% CI (1.1-1.9) for patients with 10-15 years exposure and OR2.9, 95% CI (2.5-3.1) for exposure >25 years, p<0.001. Conclusion: The prevalence of COPD among women exposed to biomass fuel is veryhigh. A strong correlation was found between the risk of COPD and the duration of exposurealong with the age at which the exposure to biomass fuel begins. Underdiagnosisof COPD was frequent in women due to the lack of the availability of spirometry, lackknowledge of hazards of biomass fuel, a low level of education and the ignorance of thehealth care provider being the important determinants of underdiagnosis.
Vinay Gupta,Om P. Bahl,Rakesh B. Mathur 한국탄소학회 2010 Carbon Letters Vol.11 No.1
The synthesis of C60@MWCNT was carried out at room temperature (~25℃) from arc-discharge prepared Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). They were oxidized and acid treated for tube opening. Then C60 molecules were encapsulated into MWCNTs by wetting them with C60-toluene solution for several minutes followed by ultrasonification. C60@MWCNT was cleaned by pure toluene to remove any excess C60. C60@MWCNT was characterized by electron microscopy, which showed large scale filling of C60 into MWCNTs. It was observed that the mechanism of insertion of C60 into MWCNTs may be due to the capillary suction at the opening ends of MWCNTs.
Vinay Prasad Mandal,Sufia Rehman,Raihan Ahmed,Md. Masroor,Pavan Kumar,Haroon Sajjad 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.5
The main objective of the study is to assess land suitability for suggesting suitable crop sequences in Katihar district of Bihar, India. We first selected site-specific factors and assigned their weights using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for land suitability assessment. The layers of factors were integrated to prepare land suitability map. The findings revealed that of the total area (3.05 million ha), the largest area (48.5%) was marginally suitable for agriculture followed by moderately suitable (30.8%) and highly suitable (2.9%). Nearly 17.8% area was found unsuitable for agriculture. Rice–maize– rice, rice–maize–jute and maize–maize–rice were found suitable crop sequences in all suitability classes. Multilinear regression analysis between land suitability and factors shows that soil texture, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pH and drainage proximity influenced land suitability. The study suggested soil reclamation, application of adequate amount of fertilizers, assured irrigation and flood control for sustainable crop sequences in the study area. Land restoration and soil reclamation measures should be taken to transform unsuitable areas for crop cultivation. Use of integrated geographical information system and AHP approach for analyzing land suitability and crop sequences may add a new dimension in spatial information science.