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Jerry C. Ku,Vishal Chavda,Paolo Palmisciano,Christopher R. Pasarikovski,Victor X.D. Yang,Ruba Kiwan,Stefano M. Priola,Bipin Chaurasia 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2023 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.25 No.4
The Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA-PICA) common trunk is a rare variant of cerebral posterior circulation in which a single vessel originating from either the basilar or vertebral arteries supplies both cerebellum and brainstem territories. We present the first case of an unruptured right AICA-PICA aneurysm treated with flow diversion using a Shield-enhanced pipeline endovascular device (PED, VANTAGE Embolization Device with Shield Technology, Medtronic, Canada). We expand on this anatomic variant and review the relevant literature.A 39-year-old man presented to our treatment center with vertigo and right hypoacusis. The initial head CT/CTA was negative, but a 4-month follow-up MRI revealed a 9 mm fusiform dissecting aneurysm of the right AICA. The patient underwent a repeat head CTA and cerebral angiogram, which demonstrated the presence of an aneurysm on the proximal portion of an AICA-PICA anatomical variant. This was treated with an endovascular approach that included flow diversion via a PED equipped with Shield Technology. The patient’s post-procedure period was uneventful, and he was discharged home after two days with an intact neurological status. The patient is still asymptomatic after a 7-month follow-up, with MR angiogram evidence of stable aneurysm obliteration and no ischemic lesions.Aneurysms of the AICA-PICA common trunk variants have a high morbidity risk due to the importance and extent of the territory vascularized by a single vessel. Endovascular treatment with flow diversion proved to be both safe and effective in obliterating unruptured cases.
이규리,Allan E. David,Jian Zhang,신명철,Victor C. Yang 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.54 No.-
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) have received much attention due to their unique properties such as ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic characters. These magnetic properties enable the broad use of MIONs in biomedical applications including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetically guided delivery, and hyperthermal therapy. In particular, magnetic field guided delivery systems have shown promising potential in the development of targeted drug delivery systems for brain tumors. This system facilitates the extravasation and accumulation of MIONs within the brain tumor under external magnetic field. However, the practical use of MIONs is highly limited due to the large physical size of MIONs required for the sufficient retention and accumulation of particles in the brain tumor. This study aims to enhance the accumulation and retention of MIONs in the brain tumor by in situ formation of large clusters of MIONs. To achieve this goal, MIONs with core size of 100 nm were modified with free thiol end groups by conjugating bi-functional poly(ethylene glycol) (NHS-PEG-SH). It is expected that the prepared MIONs-PEG-SH remain stable during the systemic circulation. When the circulating MIONs-PEG-SH are exposed to the external magnetic field applied to the brain tumor, the local concentration of MIONs-PEGSH can be increased and subsequent interactions among MIONs induce a disulfide bond formation. As a result, in situ formation of the large clusters of MIONs allows enhanced accumulation and retention of MIONs in a rat brain tumor model. Moreover, when doxorubicin is loaded onto the MIONs, the biodistribution of doxorubicin at brain tumor site is highly enhanced, suggesting their potential use in theranostic applications.
Invited Mini Review : Transcutaneous antigen delivery system
( Mi Young Lee ),( Meong Cheol Shin ),( Victor C. Yang ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.1
Transcutaneous immunization refers to the topical application of antigens onto the epidermis. Transcutaneous immunization targeting the Langerhans cells of the skin has received much attention due to its safe, needle-free, and noninvasive antigen delivery. The skin has important immunological functions with unique roles for antigen-presenting cells such as epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. In recent years, novel vaccine delivery strategies have continually been developed; however, transcutaneous immunization has not yet been fully exploited due to the penetration barrier represented by the stratum corneum, which inhibits the transport of antigens and adjuvants. Herein we review recent achievements in transcutaneous immunization, focusing on the various strategies for the enhancement of antigen delivery and vaccination efficacy. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(1): 17-24]
Min, Kyoung Ah,He, Huining,Yang, Victor C.,Shin, Meong Cheol Springer-Verlag 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.5
<P>Toxic gene therapy (or suicidal gene therapy) is gaining enormous interest, specifically for the treatment of cancer. The success of this therapy lies in several crucial factors, including the potency of gene products to kill the transfected tumor cells and the transfection ability of the transfection vehicles. To address the potency problem, in the present study, we engineered two separate mammalian transfection plasmids (pSAP and pGEL) containing genes encoding ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), gelonin and saporin. After the successful preparation and amplification of the plasmids, they were tested on various cancer cell lines (HeLa, U87, 9L, and MDA-MB-435) and a noncancerous cell line (293 HEK) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the transfection agent. Transfection studies performed under varying gene concentration, incubation time, and gene-to-PEI ratios revealed that, compared to the treatment of pGFP (GFP expression plasmid)/PEI, both pGEL/PEI and pSAP/PEI complexes could induce significantly augmented cytotoxic effects at only 2 mu g/mL gene concentration. Importantly, these cytotoxic effects were observed universally in all tested cancer cell lines. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of pGEL and pSAP as effective gene candidates for the toxic gene-based cancer therapy.</P>
이주연,설양조,조인호,이승진,김경화,Victor C. Yang,정창평,박정윤 한국생체재료학회 2006 생체재료학회지 Vol.10 No.4
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) hold promise for osteogenic differentiation and can be augmented by the application of genes encoding bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Several gene delivery approaches have been employed to these tissue engineering attempts. Despite some successes of the gene delivery protocol, however, both virus-based delivery and cationic lipid based delivery system have been beset by the immune response as well as inflammatory reaction to those applied delivery carriers. An alternative approach involving complexation of gene products with cell penetrating peptides seems promising. Herein, plasmid DNA coding BMP was condensed with cell penetrating peptide, TAT, and examined internalization, gene expression level as well as differentiation in BMSC. Synthetically prepared TAT peptides were able to condense and form complex with the BMP-coding pDNA, and efficiently transferred the pDNA into nucleus and cytoplasm in a short time period. The produced amount of BMP from the BMSC was higher when cells were treated with TAT-pDNA complex thereby inducing marked mineralization of the cultures. Taken together, the present study suggested that cell penetrating peptide TAT could be a useful and safe tool for enhancing delivery of BMP gene into stem cells, which opens wide applicability in the regenerative therapeutic strategy.
Chertok, Beata,David, Allan E.,Yang, Victor C. Elsevier 2011 Journal of controlled release Vol.155 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Our previous studies demonstrated feasibility of magnetically-mediated retention of iron oxide nanoparticles in brain tumors after intravascular administration. The purpose of this study was to elucidate strategies for further improvement of this promising approach. In particular, we explored administration of the nanoparticles via a non-occluded carotid artery as a way to increase the passive exposure of tumor vasculature to nanoparticles for subsequent magnetic entrapment. However, aggregation of nanoparticles in the afferent vasculature interfered with tumor targeting. The magnetic setup employed in our experiments was found to generate a relatively uniform magnetic flux density over a broad range, exposing the region of the afferent vasculature to high magnetic force. To overcome this problem, the magnetic setup was modified with a 9-mm diameter cylindrical NdFeB magnet to exhibit steeper magnetic field topography. Six-fold reduction of the magnetic force at the injection site, achieved with this modification, alleviated the aggregation problem under the conditions of intact carotid blood flow. Using this setup, carotid administration was found to present 1.8-fold increase in nanoparticle accumulation in glioma compared to the intravenous route at 350mT. This increase was found to be in reasonable agreement with the theoretically estimated 1.9-fold advantage of carotid administration, <I>R</I><SUB><I>d</I></SUB>. The developed approach is expected to present an even greater advantage when applied to drug-loaded nanoparticles exhibiting higher values of <I>R</I><SUB><I>d</I></SUB>.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P><ce:figure id='f0035'></ce:figure></P>