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Ta-Yin Hu,Chee-Chung Tong,Tsai-Yun Liao,Li-Wen Chen 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.2
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) focus on increasing the efficiency of existing surface transportation systems through the use of advanced computers, electronics, and communication technologies. In order to perform advanced traffic management and provide travel information, dynamic traffic assignment models need to be developed to provide time-dependent estimates of traffic flows on networks in order to efficiently utilize possible advanced traffic information as well as traffic control measures. Traffic assignment distributes Origin-Destination (OD) trips in a network and determines the flow patterns in a traffic network. This research aims at developing simulation-based algorithm for dynamic traffic assignment problems under mixed traffic flow considerations. Four different physical vehicle types are explicitly considered and modeled, including car, bus, motorcycle, and truck. Four different behavioral rules, pre-specified-path driver, user-equilibrium driver, system-optimization driver, and real-time information driver, are considered in the solution procedure. The DTA algorithm consists of an inner loop that incorporates a direction finding mechanism for the search process for System Optimization (SO) and User Equilibrium (UE) classes based on the simulation results of the current iteration, including experienced vehicular trip times and marginal trip times. In order to understand tripmaker acceptance toward route guidance, a survey is conducted to explore possible behavioral classifications and associated percentages. Numerical experiments are conducted in a test network and a real city network to illustrate the capabilities of the simulation-based DTA procedures, and to observe how system performs under multiple user class’s conditions, including multiple user behavior rules and multiple physical vehicle classes.
Electrochemical Behavior and Protective Property of Al-containing Zinc-Rich Paints
Chen, Wen-Ben,Chen, Peter,Chen, Hunz-Yin,Wu, Chung-Min,Tsai, Wen-Ta 한국부식방식학회 2002 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.31 No.3
The effect of Al addition on the corrosion performance of zinc-rich paints (ZRP) was investigated. Both electrochemical measurement and salt spray test were employed to evaluate the corrosion performance of ZRP with or without Al addition. The Al content as percentage of the total metallic components in the ZRP, investigated in this study, varied from 0 to 75wt%. The experimental results showed that protective nature of ZRP altered from cathodic protection to barrier former as the Al content was increased beyond 20wt%. The results from salt spray tests also revealed that the corrosion products were modified with the presence of aluminum oxide in the Al-containing ZRP. The amount of zinc white on the painted steel decreased as the Al content in the ZRP increased. The protectiveness, in terms of the time of red rust formation and cathodic protection, was reduced as the Al content was higher than 20wt%.
Metal Dusting Behavior of 321 Stainless Steel: Effects of Edge and Corner
Chia-Hao Chang,Wen-Ta Tsai 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.2
The metal dusting behavior of 321 stainless steel (SS) in a flowing mixed CO/H_2/H_2O gas stream at 600 °C for 500 h and 1000 h was investigated. The microstructures and chemical compositions of the reaction products at the surface and those in the substrate under the pits were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), each combined with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The phenomenon of a pitting attack that occurred preferentially at the edges and corners of the specimens was the focus of this study. The carburization behavior in the steel substrate under the pits was also characterized. Matrix carbide in the form of Cr_7C_3 and grain oundary carbide in the form of Cr_23C_6 were identified by TEM.
Chang-Shuo Chang,Kuan-Ta Wu,Chang-Fu Han,Tsung-Wen Tsai,Sung-Ho Liu,Jen-Fin Lin 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.1
The thermally affected material properties operating in the three phases and porosity variations in the SS316L steel powder have been introduced to the numerical analyses for the transient volumetric heat source (Q) models developed for the solid powder, melting, and vaporization regions in the selective laser melting (SLM). The bulk Q is thus a function of these heat sources and their ratio defined for the liquid and vapor phases. The heat conduction developed for the solid powders with porosity strings the heat convection with Q as the moving heat source to solve two-dimensional temperature distributions efficiently without the confinement of operating conditions and phase presumption. The specimens with single- and multiple-track printings are prepared to investigate the effects of incident energy density (E) and power intensity (I o) on the geometries of single-track printings and the areal surface roughness (Sa) values of the multiple-track printings with 0 and 50% overlap ratios. Laser power and scanning velocity are the controlling factors for the melting pool depth D and width W . D and W become the governing factors for the keyhole with evaporations, which affects the height H of single track after solidification. The W and D results predicted by the theoretical models developed in this study have an error range, 5–20%, compared to the experimental ones, which is much lower than those reported in the literatures (Gusarov et al. in J Heat Transf 131(7):072101, 2009. https ://doi.org/10.1115/1.31092 45 ; Hussein et al. in Mater Des 52:638–647, 2013. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.matde s.2013.05.070 ; Yin et al. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83(9–12): 1847–1859, 2016. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s0017 0-015-7609-x ; Andreotta et al. in Finite Elem Anal Des 135: 36–43, 2017. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel .2017.07.002 ). The contact angle ( ϕ * ) is defined as a function of single-track width ( W ) and solidification height ( H ). ϕ * and Sa are significantly reduced as an E is applied beyond its critical value (47.62–57.14 J/mm 3 ). Significant change in Sa is ascribed to the big difference in the morphology and its surface pattern when E or I o reaches its critical value.
( Szu Jung Pan ),( Samuel Sudibyo Hadinata ),( Ruey Chy Kao ),( Wen Ta Tsai ) 한국부식방식학회 2015 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.14 No.5
The electrochemical behaviors of various metals with and without diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated. The effect of hydrodynamic conditions was focused by employing a rotating disc electrode (RDE). The experimental results showed that each bare metal had a more positive corrosion potential and a higher corrosion rate due to enhanced oxygen transport at the higher rotating speed of the RDE. DLC coating caused a substantial increase in the corrosion resistance of all metals studied.However, localized corrosion was still found in the DLC-coated metal at sites where deposition defects existed. Surface morphology examination was performed after the electrochemical test to confirm the roles of hydrodynamic conditions and DLC coating.