골프장의 잔디 토양에서 살균제 Tolclofosmethyl의 분해

정근욱,우선희,김흥태,사동민,김영기,홍순달,김재정,이재구 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Tolclofosmethyl (TCFM) is heavily and annually applied to the turf soils of most golf courses in Gyeongju to control the fungi known to cause the disease brown patch. The soil samples used for the experiment was collected three weeks after the annual application at the end of May in the year 2002. The preliminary results obtained from this study demonstrated that the repeated field annual applications of TCFM to the turf soils of a golf course located in Gyeongju city in the southern area of Korea showed the enhanced degradation of the parent compound TCFM, especially in the surface (0~15 cm) soil rather than the shallow subsurface (15~30 cm) and deep subsurface (30~45 cm) soils, compared to the corresponding surface (0~15 cm) and shallow and deep subsurface (15~30 cm and 30~45 cm) soils of the untreated plot. It appears that microorganisms in the soil may be involved in the enhanced degradation of TCFM.

Nb-1%Zr, Nb-5%Zr 합금에서 Zirconium과 탄소의 상호작용 및 표면분정

박동수,이원식,채건식 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1984 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Nb-1% Zr, Nb-5% Zr 합금에서 지르코니움과 탄소의 상호작용 및 표면분정현상을 아르곤 이온종을 부착한 Auger 전자분광기로 연구했다. 고순도(99.996%)니오비움 다결정은 대부분의 탄소와 산소로 크게 부식되어 있었으며, 니오비움 다결정 내부에 함유된 탄소의 화학적 결합상태도 탄화물, 석묵 두가지 상태로 나타났다. 고순도 니오비움 다결정에 소량의 지르코니움(1%, 5%)을 첨가해서 만든 Nb-Zr 합금표면은 화학적으로 안정한 지르코니움 탄화물로 덮혀있고, 그 두께가 약 10Å정도임을 Auger분광자료로 밝혀냈고, 여기에 나타난 지르코니움, 탄소는 Nb-Zr 합금에서 표면 분정된 사실도 밝혀냈다. Nb-Zr 합금을 점진적으로 온도를 올려가면서, 지르코니움이 표면 분정된 양을 측정한 결과 지르코니움은 1300℃ 근방에서 산소는 1100℃ 근방에서 가장 많이 표면분정됨을 알았다. 이상의 실험결과로 탄소 산소로 크게 부식되어 있는 니오비움 다결정에 소량의 지르코니움(1%, 5%)를 첨가하므로서 탄소 산소의 부식을 크게 줄일 수 있음을 알았다. Auger electron spectrosopcy has been used in conjunction with argon ion sputtering in a study of the surface segregation and interaction of carbon with zirconium in Nb-Zr alloys. The result of depth profiling with argon ion sputtering showed that the carbon coverage on the Nb-Zr alloy surfaces was significantly more than that on the Nb polycrystalline surface. The dominant part of these carbon and oxygen was due to segregation from the Nb-Zr alloys. The segregation of zirconium to the Nb-Zr alloy surfaces occured at temperature as low as 900℃ with the maximum occurring around 1100℃. While the maximum depths of zirconium and oxygen segregated from the Nb-Zr alloy at temperature 1100℃ were respectively 5Å and 15Å.

Seroprevalence of Measles IgG Antibodies in Married Immigrant Women from Multicultural Families in Korea

Lee Woojoo,Shin MI Yeong,Go Eunbyeul,Lim Hyun-Cheol,Jeon Ji-Yoon,Kwon Yerim,Lee Yerin,Kim Tong-Soo,Lee Sung-Keun,Bahk Young Yil 대한감염학회 2023 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.55 No.3

Background: Although an effective vaccine has been available, measles still causes mast morbidity and mortality world widely. In Korea, a small number of measles cases have been reported through exposure to imported cases among young people with vaccine-induced measles immunity. Recently due to international migration including marriage, marriage migrants were the second-largest group of foreign population in Korea. Our study was carried out to obtain positive rate of measles antibody among married immigrant women from 12 countries in 10 Gun-Counties and 6 Cities, Korea. Materials and Methods: A total of 547 blood samples were collected from maternal multicultural members from 12 countries. The measles-specific IgG antibody was measured by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Enzygnost® Anti-measles virus/IgG, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Marburg, Germany). We performed a simple logistic regression to test whether the measles antibody seroprevalence differed by participant age, location, or country of birth and then calculated the likelihood ratio statistics to determine whether measles antibody seroprevalence differed by country of birth. Results: Overall positive measles seroprevalence was 75.3% (95% confidence interval: 71.7 – 78.9). Participants aged 20 - 24 years, 25 - 29 years, and 30 - 63 years has respective seropositivities of 52.5%, 55.3%, and 82.7%. In this study, the geometric mean titers of participants aged 21 - 29 years were slightly lower than those of participants aged over 30 years, which were 1,372 mIU/ml and 2,261 mIU/ml, respectively (average of total participants: 2,027 mIU/ml). Conclusion: The study provides detailed information about seroimmunity of the married immigrant population in Korea, which is important for measles elimination. Since the 1980s, most vaccine-preventable diseases including measles have been well-controlled. Nevertheless, sporadic measles outbreaks are still reported. Thus, special attention should be paid to the possible importation of infectious diseases such as measles by immigration.

Marketing Innovation Influences on Market and Customer Related Performances: Evidences of Korean Manufacturing Companies

Tong Keun Lee,Cheon Yu,Xiao xu Dong,Yun Seop Hwang People&Global Business Association 2016 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.21 No.1

The marketing related literatures emphasize the key role of marketing for companies performances. However, not much attention has been paid to marketing innovations and their performances. Focusing on 2,149 Korean manu-facturing companies, this paper examines the factors that influence companies marketing innovation decisions and marketing performances by using the Heckman selection model for addressing the sample bias problem. Three key findings have been derived. First, by categorizing market orientation among the three components-customer orientation, competitor orientation, inter-functional coordination, the findings show that customer orientation enhan-ces marketing performance, but does not influence marketing innovation decision. On the other hand, both com-petitor orientation and inter-functional coordination have positive influences on the marketing innovation decision, but not on marketing performance. Second, marketing innovation activities such as product design, promotion, placement, and price help to enhance marketing performance. Third, the factors that influence marketing innovation decision and their performance are different depending on technological level of an industry. The results suggest that the marketing related activities are more important in high-tech rather than in low-tech industries.

Effects of Soy Phytoestrogens on Reference Memory and Neuronal Cholinergic Enzymes in Ovariectomized Rats

Lee, Yoon-Bok,Lee, Keun-Ha,Sohn, Heon-Soo,Lee, Sung-Joon,Cho, Kyung-Hwan,Kang, Il-Jun,Kim, Dong-Woo,Shin, Yong-Kook,Pai, Tong-Kun,Hwang, In-Koo,Won, Moo-Ho The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1

The effects of soy phytoestrogens on Morris water maze (MWM) performance and neuronal cholinergic enzyme activities and immunoreactivity were studied in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were assigned to four groups fed control diet (CD), 3.9 mg/kg $17{\beta}$-estradiol diet (E2), 263.4 mg/kg soy phytoestrogens diet (SP1), and 526.9 mg/kg soy phytoestrogen diet (SP2). In the MWM task, escape latency and path length were significantly less in the E2 and SP2 groups than in the CD group on the second day. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the cerebral cortex and ChAT immunoreactivity in the diagonal band of Broca were significantly greater in the E2, SP1, and SP2 groups than in the CD group. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus in the E2, SP1, and SP2 groups was significantly lower than in the CD group. This study suggests that soy phytoestrogens affect the reference memory and neuronal cholinergic system in OVX rats.

Seroprevalence of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea (2003-2005) using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test

Tong-Soo Kim,Yoon-Joong Kang,Won-Ja Lee,Byoung-Kuk Na,Sung-Ung Moon,Seok Ho Cha,Sung-Keun Lee,Yun-Kyu Park,Jhang-Ho Pak,Pyo Yun Cho,Youngjoo Sohn,Hyeong-Woo Lee 대한기생충학열대의학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.52 No.1

기업성장단계를 고려한 중소기업 기술개발 지원요인이 수출성과에 미치는 영향

이동근(Tong-Keun Lee),김학민(Hag-Min Kim),방상봉(Sang-Bong Bang) 한국무역학회 2013 貿易學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

부산 연안역의 진핵플랑크톤 종다양성에 대한 메타게놈 분석 연구

윤지미,이지은,이상래,노태근,이진애,정익교,이동섭,Yoon, Ji-Mie,Lee, Jee-Eun,Lee, Sang-Rae,Rho, Tae-Keun,Lee, Jin-Ae,Chung, Ik-Kyo,Lee, Tong-Sup 한국해양학회 2012 바다 Vol.17 No.2

플랑크톤의 종조성에 대한 정보는 해양 생태계 내에서 물질과 에너지 순환을 이해 하는데 필수적이다. 또한 수층의 물리화학적 특성과 변동에 민감하기 때문에 해양환경 특성을 이해하는데 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 본 연구는 메타게놈 분석 기법(metagenomics)을 적용하여 낙동강 유출수, 장강 희석수, 남해 연안수, 쓰시마 난류수 등의 혼합으로 복잡한 환경특성을 가질 것으로 예상되는 부산 연안역의 수괴 내에 존재하는 플랑크톤 종다양성을 분석하였다. 표층 해수에서 18S rDNA 클론라이브러리를 구축하였고 세 정점에서 분석된 370개의 클론들 중에서 94개의 phylotype들을 발굴하였다. 계통분석 결과 phylotype들은 Dinophyceae(42개), Ciliophora(15개), Bacillariophyta(7개), Chlorophyta(2개), Haptophyceae(1개), Metazoa(Arthropoda(17개), Chaetognatha(1개), Cnidaria(2개), Chordata(1개)), Rhizaria(Acantharea(2개),Polycystinea(1개)), Telonemida(1개), Fungi(2개) 등의 다양한 계통군들에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 근접하게 위치한 세 정점에서 나타난 플랑크톤 종조성 차이는 이들 정점들이 여러 기원의 수괴(water mass) 혼합에 따른 다양한 물리화학적 환경요인의 영향에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 메타게놈 분석 기법을 통한 플랑크톤 종조성 연구는 다양한 물리화학적 특성을 가진 연안 해양생태계를 이해하는데 유용할 것으로 판단된다. The species composition of plankton is essential to understand the material and energy cycling within marine ecosystem. It also provides the useful information for understanding the properties of marine environments due to its sensitivity to the physicochemical characteristics and variability of water masses. In this study we adopted metagenomics to evaluate eukaryotic plankton species diversity from coastal waters off Busan. Characteristics of water masses at sampling sites is expected to be very complex due to the mixing of various water masses; Nakdong River runoff, Changjiang diluted water (CDW), South Sea coastal water, and Tsushima warm current. 18S rDNA clone libraries were constructed from surface waters at the three sites off Busan. Clone libraries revealed 94 unique phylotypes from 370 clones; Dinophyceae(42 phylotypes), Ciliophora(15 phylotypes), Bacillariophyta(7 phylotypes), Chlorophyta(2 phylotypes), Haptophyceae(1 phylotype), Metazoa(Arthropoda( 17 phylotypes), Chaetognatha(1 phylotypes), Cnidaria(2 phylotypes), Chordata(1 phylotype)), Rhizaria (Acantharea(2 phylotypes), Polycystinea(1 phylotype)), Telonemida(1 phylotype), Fungi(2 phylotypes). The difference in species diversity at the closely located three sites off Busan may be attributed to the various physicochemical properties of water masses at these sites by the mixture of water masses of various origins. Metagenomic study of species composition may provide useful information for understanding marine ecosystem of coastal waters with various physicochemical properties in the near feature.

해역의 환경특성을 고려한 해양환경 기준설정과 수질등급 평가

노태근,이동섭,이상룡,최만식,박철,이종현,이재영,김성수,Rho, Tae-Keun,Lee, Tong-Sup,Lee, Sang-Ryong,Choi, Man-Sik,Park, Chul,Lee, Jong-Hyun,Lee, Jae-Young,Kim, Seung-Su 한국해양학회 2012 바다 Vol.17 No.2

육상기인 오염원의 해양유입의 급속한 증가로 인해 유해성 적조발생이 빈번해졌을 뿐 아니라, 양식기술의 발달과 과밀양식으로 인해 연안역의 자가 오염증가가 가속화되고 있다. 따라서 해양환경 관리와 적절한 해역이용을 위해 과학적인 관리의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 현행 환경기준은 일본의 해역 수질기준을 준용하여 육상의 배수기준에 희석 비율을 적용시켜 설정하는 공학적인 방식이다. 그리고 해역의 환경특성을 고려하지 않고 일률적인 값을 적용하였다. 유럽연합, 미국, 호주, 캐나다 등의 선진국에서는 이미 20여 년 전부터 종합적인 수질관리대책을 마련하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 해양환경 특성에 적합한 수질평가 기준을 설정하기 위해 해역을 해류, 조석, 탁도 등을 기준으로 다섯 가지의 생태구로 구분하였다. 그리고 국가해양측정망의 관측항목 중에서 부영양화의 원인항목(용존 무기질소(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN), 용존 무기인(dissolved inorganic phosphorus, DIP)과 일차반응항목(클로로필, Secchi depth)과 이차반응항목(저층용존산소포화도, bottom dissolved oxygen saturation)에 해당하는 항목들을 평가항목으로 선정하였다. 용존 무기질소, 용존 무기인과 클로로필의 기준값은 각각의 생태구에서 하천의 유입 영향이 최소인 외양역 정점의 2000년에서 2007년까지의 계절별 평균값 중 최대값으로 하였고, Secchi depth는 계절별 평균값 중 최소값을 선택하였다. 그리고 저층용존산소 포화도는 외양역의 평균값 중 최소포화도 값인 90%를 전체 생태구의 기준값으로 정하였다. 전체연안을 체계적이고 동일한 기준으로 관리하기 위해서 개별 평가항목의 점수로부터 원인항목, 일차반응 항목, 이차반응 항목 순으로 큰 가중치를 부여하는 가중선형합산 방식으로 수질지수를 계산하였다. 2000년부터 2007년까지 모든 정점에서 구한 수질지수의 분포는 최소값인 20과 중앙값이 30에서 빈도수가 높은 쌍봉분포가 나타났다. 따라서 수질지수의 쌍봉분포 앞부분에 해당하는 23이하를 매우좋음(I등급)으로 하였고 최소값+표준편차 이하를 좋음(II등급), 최소값+2표준편차 이하를 보통(III등급), 최소값+3표준편차 이하를 나쁨(IV등급), 그리고 최소값+3표준편차 초과일 때 아주나쁨(V등급)으로 정하였다. For the development of reference values and evaluation of water quality in various environmental conditions, we divided the coastal region around Korean peninsular into 5 distinctive ecological regions based on the influence of surface current, depth, tidal range, turbidity, and climate condition. We used national marine environment monitoring data collected by National Fisheries Research & Development Institute(NFRDI) from 2000-2009. For the reference values, we used maximum seasonal mean from 2000 to 2007 for DIN, DIP, and chlorophyll-a and minimum seasonal mean for secchi depth measured at stations without the influence of river runoff in each ecological regions. For the reference value of bottom dissolved oxygen saturation, we used minimum mean value of 90% calculated from minimal riverine influence stations of whole regions. We calculated enrichment score for each assessment criteria. The enrichment score of DIN, DIP, and Chlorophyll-a was 1 (=< reference value), 2 (< 110% of reference value), 3 (< 125% of reference value), 4 (< 150% of reference value), and 5 (> 150% of reference value). The enrichment score of DO saturation and Secchi depth was 1 (> reference value), 2 (> 90% of reference value), 3 (>75 % of reference value), 4 (> 50% of reference value), and 5 (< 50% of reference value). We calculated water quality index using weighted linear combination of five enrichment score for the comparison of whole regions. From the water quality index distribution calculated from all stations between 2000 and 2007 period, we classified into 5 grade based on the standard deviation calculated from total water quality index. We assigned grade very good(I), good(II), moderate(III), bad(IV), and very bad(V) when the water quality index was less than 23, minimum + 1 sd, +2 sd, +3 sd, and grater than minium+ 3 sd, respectively.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) based on proteome analysis

Lee, Seung Hwan,Kang, Kyoung-Hee,Kim, Eun Young,Chae, Tong Un,Oh, Young Hoon,Hong, Soon Ho,Song, Bong Keun,Jegals, Jonggeon,Park, Si Jae,Lee, Sang Yup Springer-Verlag 2013 Biotechnology letters. Vol.35 No.10