Exploring the Significance and Interpretation of Animal Motifs in Rock Art: A Systematic Review

Tie Zhao(Tie Zhao),Daorina(Daorina ),Guofeng Chen(Guofeng Chen),M. Omer(M. Omer ) 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.10 No.1

Rock art has been a subject of fascination for scholars, archaeologists, and enthusiasts for centuries due to its unique aesthetic qualities and cultural significance. This systematic review paper provides an overview of the significance of rock art motifs and their interpretations. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, we identified common rock art motifs and themes, as well as various interpretative approaches and theoretical frameworks used to understand the meanings and contexts of these motifs. The review also explores variations in interpretations across time and space and discusses the implications of these findings for rock art studies. The results reveal that rock art motifs and their interpretations are shaped by diverse cultural, social, and historical contexts, and that interdisciplinary and community-engaged research is needed to better understand, preserve, and appreciate this unique cultural heritage. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed. This review contributes to our understanding of the cultural, symbolic, and aesthetic significance of rock art and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives and engagement with local communities in the study and conservation of rock art sites and cultural heritage.

Partial oxidation reforming of biomass fuel gas over nickel-based monolithic catalyst with naphthalene as model compound

Tie Jun Wang,Chen Guang Wang,Tie Jun Wang,Yan Gao,Chuang Zhi Wu,Long Long Ma 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.4

With naphthalene as biomass tar model compound, partial oxidation reforming (with addition of O2) and dry reforming of biomass fuel gas were investigated over nickel-based monoliths at the same conditions. The results showed that both processes had excellent performance in upgrading biomass raw fuel gas. Above 99% of naphthalene was converted into synthesis gases (H2+CO). About 2.8 wt% of coke deposition was detected on the catalyst surface for dry reforming process at 750 oC during 108 h lifetime test. However, no coke deposition was detected for partial oxidation reforming process, which indicated that addition of O2 can effectively prohibit the coke formation. O2 can also increase the CH4 conversion and H2/CO ratio of the producer gas. The average conversion of CH4 in dry and partial oxidation reforming process was 92% and 95%, respectively. The average H2/CO ratio increased from 0.95 to 1.1 with the addition of O2, which was suitable to be used as synthesis gas for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis.

Educational Methods(아랍어 논문)

Salim Idan Al-Tie 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2006 중동연구 Vol.24 No.2

<Abstract> Educational Methods Salim Idan Al-Tie HUFS Educational methods are becoming very important in the development and advancement era. They are aids for the professors and teachers throughout his educational journey as they make the students happy and more opened and willing to study without boredom. That is why professors and teachers should be keen to provide all the essential educational methods and it is not necessary to be expensive, but rather they can use environmental materials in order to enrich these methods and present them in a special and attractive way, but this doesn't mean that neglecting the technological side while we are in the development era. The professors and teachers should use these methods in their classes and teach their students how to use and deal with them as modernized methods. These professors should deal and present these modernized and renewable and not to just stick to one traditional method in presenting his educational methods but he should always work on improving them. This research came to the following important conclusions: 1- Increasing the efforts concerning how to work with the modern educational methods. 2- Having training courses and workshops for the professors and teachers in order to be always updated on the modern and new educational methods. 3- Effectively applying the educational system using computers in the universities and schools. 4- Applying the Internet in universities and schools in order to facilitate the educational system among students. Finally, I hope that this research has gained the approval of the professors and teachers. Key word: Educational method, educational system, Internet, Application of Modern Technology

The Evaluation of Ecological Attributes in a Natural Deciduous Forest Using Point-centered Quarter Method

( Tie Feng Piao ),( Sang Hoon Chung ),( Sung Kee Kang ),( Dong Young Kim ),( Hye Seon Lee ),( Dong June Yeom ),( Ji Hong Kim ) 한국임학회 2009 Forest Science And Technology Vol.5 No.1

Robot Grinding System Trajectory Compensation Based on Co-Kriging Method and Constant-Force Control Based on Adaptive Iterative Algorithm

Tie Zhang,Ye Yu,Li-xin Yang,Meng Xiao,Shou-yan Chen 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.9

To reduce the grinding trajectory deviation caused by the absolute positioning accuracy of robot, a trajectory compensation method based on Co-Kriging space interpolation method is proposed. Meanwhile, an adaptive iterative constant force control method based on one-dimensional force sensor is proposed to improve the processing quality and efficiency of robot belt grinding. Firstly, an error model based on 6 DOF robot is constructed. Then, considering the workspace of robot belt grinding and the similarity of robot position error, the Co-Kriging compensation algorithm is used to compensate the grinding trajectory, which makes the compensation process convenient and accurate. Then, a grinding dynamics model based on deformation is established, and an adaptive iterative constant force control is proposed for complex robot belt grinding process, which overcomes the instability of grinding force and shortens its convergence time. Finally, the grinding trajectory compensation experiment and the force control experiment of spherical workpiece are carried out. The results show that the space interpolation compensation algorithm based on Co-Kriging method can significantly improve both the space position error of grinding trajectory and the actual error of workpiece, which proves the feasibility of compensation algorithm. Through force control algorithm, the grinding force fluctuation is maintained within 2 N, the mean value, standard deviation and variance of absolute value of force error are significantly reduced, the convergence rate of grinding force and the roughness of workpiece are much better than before, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed force control algorithm.

Covalent bonding of ZnO nanostructures with dispersible carbon nanotubes for self-assembly photocatalytic heterostructures

Tie, Weiwei,Jin, Jiaming,Bhattacharyya, Surjya Sarathi,Yue, Hongwei,Lei, Yan,Zheng, Zhi,He, Weiwei,Lee, Seung Hee Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2019 Applied Surface Science Vol.492 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work demonstrates the fabrication of zinc oxide‑carbon nanotube (ZnO/CNT) heterostructures with tunable photocatalytic activity via microstructure modulation. The ZnO/CNT heterostructures are constructed in one-step hydrothermal procedure consisting of in situ anchoring of ZnO nanostructures with dispersible CNTs in an aqueous alkali solution containing bile salts as a dispersant. Observation via scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy reveals self-assembled heterostructures of monodispersible CNTs tightly surrounding ZnO nanostructures with multimorphology. The XRD, FT-IR, Raman and XPS analysis confirm that the CNTs were successfully incorporated into the ZnO nanostructures with strong interfacial contact of covalent bonding rather than simple mixing. A series of ZnO/CNT heterostructures, which varies according to their degree of doping with dispersible CNTs, exhibit distinct sunlight-induced photocatalytic activity onto the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The superior photocatalytic performance of ZnO/CNT heterostructures originates from synergistic effects of sufficient interfacial bonding, self-assembly microstructures, and continuous conducting pathways between ZnO nanostructures and CNTs, which acquires better sunlight utilization and more efficient separation of electron-hole pair, confirmed by UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectra as well as photocurrent and photovoltage analysis. This study also proposes a photocatalytic degradation mechanism of RhB dyes through detection of active species confirmed by electron-spin-resonance analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ZnO nanostructures covalently linking with dispersible carbon nanotubes for self-assembly heterostructures are synthesized. </LI> <LI> This sunlight-driven self-assembly heterostructures possess tunable photocatalytic activity via microstructure modulation. </LI> <LI> The charge separation and transfer process are monitored by transient photovoltaic and photocurrent measurement. </LI> </UL> </P>

Facile in-situ synthesis of a zinc oxide crystals/few-layered graphene flake composite for enhanced photocatalytic performance

Tie, Weiwei,Bhattacharyya, Surjya Sarathi,Wang, Yanan,He, Weiwei,Lee, Seung Hee Elsevier 2017 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Chemist Vol.348 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An efficient mutilayer graphene-based semiconductor catalyst of reduced graphene oxide flakes decorated with zinc oxide crystals (ZnO/RGO) has been successfully synthesized in-situ using a facile low-temperature solution procedure. Zinc acetate was used as a single precursor with dimethyl sulfoxide acting as the mixing agent. The photocatalytic materials were then characterized using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction patterns, as well as Raman, FT-IR, XPS and UV–vis spectroscopies. The ZnO crystals were found covalently boned onto reduced graphene flakes though direct ZnOC path, and this could allow photogenerated electrons quickly transfering from the ZnO to RGO and thereby efficiently lengthened the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers from the ZnO crystals. This result has been further confirmed by surface photovoltage spectrum studies. Compared to pure ZnO, small amount of 0.15mg/ml ZnO/RGO hybrid had exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and reproducible catalytic efficiency onto 2×10<SUP>−2</SUP> mg/ml Rhodamine B dye in consecutive uses. The detailed formation of synthesis and characterization as well as photocatalytic mechanisms have also been explored.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ZnO crystals covalently modified RGO flakes was synthesized using one-pot solution procedure. </LI> <LI> The charge separation and transfer process was monitored by transient photovoltaic measurement. </LI> <LI> The hybrid catalysts with 0.15mg/ml possess complete degradation effciency of 2×10<SUP>−2</SUP> mg/ml organic dye. </LI> <LI> High efficiency of the hybrid catalyst based on RGO flakes was found to be reproducible. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Graphical illustration of the photocatalytic degradation of RhB over ZnO/RGO.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Monthly distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microbes in a tropical bay

Tie-Qiang Mao,Yan-Qun Li,Hong-Po Dong,Wen-Na Yang,Li-Jun Hou 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.1

Ammonia oxidation, performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), plays a critical role in the cycle of nitrogen in the ocean. For now, environmental variables controlling distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microbes are still largely unknown in oceanic environments. In this study, we used real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing methods to investigate the abundance and diversity of AOA and AOB from sediment and water in Zhanjiang Bay. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the majority of AOA amoA sequences in water and sediment were affiliated with the genus Nitrosopumilus, whereas the Nitrosotalea cluster was only detected with low abundance in water. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira dominated AOB amoA sequences in water and sediment, respectively. The amoA copy numbers of both AOA and AOB varied significantly with month for both sediment and water. When water and sediment temperature dropped to 17– 20°C in December and February, respectively, the copy number of AOB amoA genes increased markedly and was much higher than for AOA amoA genes. Also, AOA abundance in water peaked in December when water temperature was lowest (17–20°C). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that temperature was the most key factor driving monthly changes of AOA or AOB abundance. It is inferred that low water temperature may inhibit growth of phytoplankton and other microbes and so reduce competition for a common substrate, ammonium.

단동, 중국, 북한의 경제 및 무역협력에 관한 연구

Tie-Li LI,Huai-Yu Jiang,Feng Gao 대한지리학회 2002 대한지리학회지 Vol.37 No.5

요동반도 경제 개방 지역의 동쪽 경계에 위치한 단동시(Dandong city)는 한반도, 중국, 유라시아 대륙을 연결하는 주요 관문이다. 단동시는 중국과 북한의 경제 및 무역에서 항상 중요한 역할을 담당했는데, 최근 중국의 개방 정책이 수행되고 동북아 지역에서 경제 협력이 강화되면서 더욱 중요성이 커졌다. 한반도에서 평화가 정착되고 북한의 개방이 진행됨에 따라 단동과 북한의 경제 및 무역 협력이 보다 큰 진전을 이룰 것으로 예상된다. The further economy and trade cooperation between China and the Korean Peninsula should be carried out due to the process of globalization. Being the biggest border city and one of the windows of opening outside policy, Dandong plays a very important role in the economy and trade cooperation between China and D.P.R.K. With the tendency of regional economy cooperation amony countries of Northeast Asia, Dandong should also act as a bridge in the economy and trade cooperation between R.O.K and D.P.R.K.

The Effects of Cone Harvesting on the Regeneration of Korean Pine and the Life of Animals in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve

Tie Feng Piao,Ji Hong Kim,Sang Hoon Chung 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.2

Based on the former researches, this article studied the influence of cone harvesting of Korean pine on the regeneration of Korean pine trees and the life of animals in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve. When the cone matures, scales of the cone do not open so the seeds can not be released automatically. And the seeds, if left inside, are hard to germinate and can not grow further into seedlings. The seeds of Korean pine have deep dormancy characteristics. Natural regeneration of Korean pine is very poor under mother trees. Hoarding behavior of dispersing animals not only helps animals for food shortage period but also contributes to the dispersion of seeds of Korean pine. Among those hoarding animals, squirrel and Eurasian nutcrackers are found to be the most important dispersing agents for the seeds of Korean pine. After cone harvesting, the number of those dispersers reduced a lot since the seeds of Korean pine are very important food for them. Seed quantity of Korean pine on surface layer became very few and most of them only showed single distribution. Most of the seeds were buried under litter layer and showed a single or 2-4 seeds/cluster distribution. The case of more than 4 seeds in one cluster was few. The seed quantity of Korean pine forest on steep slopes of the research area was only 0.3% of the seed quantity in 1980 for the same forest type. If seed source of Korean pine are not protected, Korean pine forest in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve would not maintain present feature in the future.