Treatment performance and N2O emission in the UASB-A/O shortcut biological nitrogen removal system for landfill leachate at different salinity

Mu Liu,Yongzhen Peng,Qing Yang,Tiantian Liu, Han Xiao,Shuying Wang 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.32 No.-

Landfill leachate was treated using the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) combined with anoxic/aerobic reactor (A/O) for shortcut biological nitrogen removal. The treatment performance and nitrousoxide (N2O) emission were studied under different salinity. When salinity increased from 10 to 35 g/L,the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen decreased from 99.3 to 83.9% and from85.4 to 68.4%, respectively while the nitrite accumulation rate always remained high at more than 94.3%. The N2O conversion ratio increased by 14.7 times, from 0.3 to 4.7%. The concentration of biodegradableCOD in influent of the A/O reactor increased with the increase of salinity, which lead to the decrease ofdissolved oxygen and thus stimulated N2O emission remarkably during the aerobic zone. Meanwhile, theN2O emissions were likely to occur by a combination of pathways since the simultaneous nitritation anddenitritation was occurred in aerobic zone. The increase of NH4+-N concentration, NO2-N concentrationand pH caused by high salinity also promoted the N2O emission. The population of Nitrosomonaseuropaea increased with salinity, which was important for N2O emission.

State of Charge Estimation for Li-Ion Batteries Based on an Unscented H-Infi nity Filter

Yuanyuan Liu,Tiantian Cai,Jingbiao Liu,Mingyu Gao,Zhiwei He 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.6

The state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries refl ects their remaining capacity. Accurate estimation of SOC helps battery safety and is benefi cial to the effi cient management of batteries. The charging and discharging processes of lithium-Ion batteries are very complicated, and it is diffi cult to obtain accurate SOC estimation results. Therefore, it is important to study improved algorithms for SOC estimation for this nonlinear non-Gaussian battery system. In this paper, we propose an unscented H-infi nity fi lter (UHF) based SOC estimation method, which combines the advantages of both the unscented Kalman fi lter (UKF) and the H-infi nity fi lter (HF). The UKF propagates the sigma points through the nonlinear system and does not need the fi rst-order linear approximation of the system equation, while the HF can suppress the non-Gaussian noise in the system to the greatest extent. The proposed UHF based SOC estimation algorithm is verifi ed and evaluated in the battery management system, and further optimized in practical problems. Experimental results show that the proposed UHF based algorithm can perform accurate SOC estimation for lithium-ion batteries, and is superior to the UKF based SOC estimation.

Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Street-level Built Environment and Perception Features on the Crashes by Severity

Liu Yiping,Chen Tiantian,Chung Hyungchul,Jang Kitae 대한교통학회 2024 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.90 No.-

Urban traffic accidents are closely related to street characteristics, and investigating this relationship is crucial for enhancing traffic safety. Street-level features primarily include the built environment elements that makes up the streets, such as greenery, sky, and other elements. As users of urban street spaces, travelers perception indicators of various streets also include subjective perspectives describing the differential characteristics among urban streets. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the impact of the street built-environment and travelers perception indicators on the crash frequencies. The modeling process considers severity levels related to traffic crashes and then extends analysis to geospatial dimension to account for the spatial heterogeneity and correlation of coefficients. The study uses 587 road segments in the central area of Daejeon in Korea, with traffic crash data from the full year of 2019. All crashes are classified into killed/severe injury (KSI) and slight injury. Street built-environment elements are extracted from the street view images of the studied road sections using semantic segmentation technology, while street perception indicators are scored using deep learning methods based on the street view images, outputting results in six perceptual dimensions to create related variables. In addition, the impact of traffic variables such as AADT and road geometry (number of lanes, speed limits, etc.) is considered. The results suggest significant correlations among street built-environment, travelers perception indicators and the frequency of traffic crashes, with different trends of impact for various crash classification. The estimation results of coefficients also show variations in the spatial influence of different feature, which could help traffic authorities identify high-risk areas and understand contributing factors, thereby taking precaution actions.

Screening and Identification of Antigenic Proteins from the Hard Tick Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Tiantian Zhang,Xuejiao Cui,Jincheng Zhang,Hui Wang,Meng Wu,Hua Zeng,Yuanyuan Cao,Jingze Liu,Yonghong Hu 대한기생충학열대의학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.53 No.6

In order to explore tick proteins as potential targets for further developing vaccine against ticks, the total proteins of unfed female Dermacentor silvarum were screened with anti-D. silvarum serum produced from rabbits. The results of western blot showed that 3 antigenic proteins of about 100, 68, and 52 kDa were detected by polyclonal antibodies, which means that they probably have immunogenicity. Then, unfed female tick proteins were separated by 12% SDS-PAGE, and target proteins (100, 68, and 52 kDa) were cut and analyzed by LC-MS/MS, respectively. The comparative results of peptide sequences showed that they might be vitellogenin (Vg), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), respectively. These data will lay the foundation for the further validation of antigenic proteins to prevent infestation and diseases transmitted by D. silvarum.

Treatment of Mycoplasma wenyonii Infection in Cows with Imidocarb Dipropionate Injection-acupuncture

Jianzhu Liu,Zhengui Yan,Tiantian Chen,Ziqiang Cheng,Huijun Guo,Zhenyong Wang,Yong Wang 사단법인약침학회 2008 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.1 No.2

Sixteen shorthorn cows from Xiazhuang farm were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University for evaluation of poor appetite, listlessness, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, positive jugular venous pulse and anemia. Blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction analysis in these cows revealed an infection with Mycoplasma wenyonii. The subjects were divided into two groups: control group (three cows) treated with intramuscular injection with imidocarb dipropionate (3 mg/kg/day for 2 days) and the experimental group (13 cows), treated with injection-acupuncture (Imidocarb Dipropionate, 1 mg/kg, once every 3 days for 6 days) at BL17, BL18, BL20, BL25, ST36, SP06 and CV04. At day 15, negative results were found using blood smear examination in all control and experimental groups. Sixteen shorthorn cows from Xiazhuang farm were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University for evaluation of poor appetite, listlessness, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, positive jugular venous pulse and anemia. Blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction analysis in these cows revealed an infection with Mycoplasma wenyonii. The subjects were divided into two groups: control group (three cows) treated with intramuscular injection with imidocarb dipropionate (3 mg/kg/day for 2 days) and the experimental group (13 cows), treated with injection-acupuncture (Imidocarb Dipropionate, 1 mg/kg, once every 3 days for 6 days) at BL17, BL18, BL20, BL25, ST36, SP06 and CV04. At day 15, negative results were found using blood smear examination in all control and experimental groups.

Single Low-Light Ghost-Free Image Enhancement via Deep Retinex Model

( Yan Liu ),( Bingxue Lv ),( Jingwen Wang ),( Wei Huang ),( Tiantian Qiu ),( Yunzhong Chen ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.5

Low-light image enhancement is a key technique to overcome the quality degradation of photos taken under scotopic vision illumination conditions. The degradation includes low brightness, low contrast, and outstanding noise, which would seriously affect the vision of the human eye recognition ability and subsequent image processing. In this paper, we propose an approach based on deep learning and Retinex theory to enhance the low-light image, which includes image decomposition, illumination prediction, image reconstruction, and image optimization. The first three parts can reconstruct the enhanced image that suffers from low-resolution. To reduce the noise of the enhanced image and improve the image quality, a super-resolution algorithm based on the Laplacian pyramid network is introduced to optimize the image. The Laplacian pyramid network can improve the resolution of the enhanced image through multiple feature extraction and deconvolution operations. Furthermore, a combination loss function is explored in the network training stage to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Extensive experiments and comprehensive evaluations demonstrate the strength of the proposed method, the result is closer to the real-world scene in lightness, color, and details. Besides, experiments also demonstrate that the proposed method with the single low-light image can achieve the same effect as multi-exposure image fusion algorithm and no ghost is introduced.

Harmonic resonance analysis and stability improvement for grid-connected inverters

Xie, Bao,Zhou, Lin,Liu, Tiantian,Mao, Mingxuan The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.1

The traditional dual-control-loop strategy is widely used in grid-connected inverters. However, due to uncertain grid conditions, a resonance phenomenon may arise in systems and grid current can be badly distorted. In addition, the systems themselves may be unstable. In this paper, an equivalent impedance model of a grid-connected inverter is established. Based on this, two concepts of circuit resonance and harmonic resonance are proposed. By using the Nyquist stability criterion, it is revealed that harmonic resonance is induced when system stability is decreased, and the harmonic amplification in the system is enhanced. Due to the fact that the dual-control-loop strategy has poor robustness against grid impedance variations, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based on full-state feedback is proposed in this paper. The design procedure for selecting the full-state feedback gain is presented. Finally, both simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed LQR controller.

Monitoring polarization and dielectric relaxation behaviors of BaTiO3/ PC composite films via transmittance measurement

Haifa Zhai,Jinfeng Wang,Tiantian Zhang,Min Su Cho,Hongying Luo,Haiqin Li,In Man Kang,Hairui Liu,Jian Su 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.7

BaTiO3/polycarbonate (BT/PC) composite films with different concentration of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanocrystals are prepared by a spin coating method. The polarization and dielectric relaxation behaviors of BT/PC composite films are characterized by the introduction of orientational order parameter (f) through in-situ transmission spectrum measurement. It's found that 15%BT/PC composite film has the largest orientation change with the f value of 10.5% and slow dielectric relaxation, almost 10% decay of f after 24 h. The optical band-gap of 15%BT/PC composite film decreases after poling indicates that the orientation of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanocrystals aligns due to the effect of polarization, from 3.8 eV to 3.67 eV. From the XRD results, we consider that the preferential alignment orientation of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanocrystals after poling is [001]. This suggests that in-situ transmittance measurement is a simple and effective way to evaluate the polarization and dielectric relaxation behaviors of ferroelectric nanocrystals/polymer systems.

Effects of quercetin and coated sodium butyrate dietary supplementation in diquat-challenged pullets

Zhou Ning,Tian Yong,Liu Wenchao,Tu Bingjiang,Gu Tiantian,Xu Wenwu,Zou Kang,Lu Li Zhi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary quercetin (QUE) and coated sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation alleviate oxidative stress in the small intestine of diquat (DIQ)-challenged pullets. Methods: A total of 200 13-week-old pullets were divided into four groups: the control group (CON), the DIQ group, the QUE group, and the coated SB group, and injected intraperitoneally with either saline (CON) or diquat (DIQ, QUE, and SB) to induce oxidative stress on day 0. Results: On the first day, the malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in the SB group were significantly different from those in the DIQ and QUE groups (p<0.05), and dietary supplementation with SB increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels compared with the DIQ group (p<0.05). Quercetin and SB increased the levels of CLAUDIN-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum. On the tenth day of treatment, QUE attenuated the decrease in GSH-PX levels compared to those of the CON group (p<0.05), while SB increased SOD, GSH-PX, and total antioxidant capacity levels compared to those of the DIQ group. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA levels in the QUE and SB groups increased (p<0.05) and CLAUDIN-1 mRNA levels in the QUE and SB groups were upregulated compared to those in the DIQ group ileum tissue. Conclusion: Supplementation of QUE and SB demonstrated the ability to relieve oxidative stress in pullets post DIQ-injection with a time-dependent manner and QUE and SB may be potential antioxidant additives for relieving oxidative stress and protecting the intestinal barrier of pullets. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary quercetin (QUE) and coated sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation alleviate oxidative stress in the small intestine of diquat (DIQ)-challenged pullets.Methods: A total of 200 13-week-old pullets were divided into four groups: the control group (CON), the DIQ group, the QUE group, and the coated SB group, and injected intraperitoneally with either saline (CON) or diquat (DIQ, QUE, and SB) to induce oxidative stress on day 0.Results: On the first day, the malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in the SB group were significantly different from those in the DIQ and QUE groups (p<0.05), and dietary supplementation with SB increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels compared with the DIQ group (p<0.05). Quercetin and SB increased the levels of CLAUDIN-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum. On the tenth day of treatment, QUE attenuated the decrease in GSH-PX levels compared to those of the CON group (p<0.05), while SB increased SOD, GSH-PX, and total antioxidant capacity levels compared to those of the DIQ group. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA levels in the QUE and SB groups increased (p<0.05) and CLAUDIN-1 mRNA levels in the QUE and SB groups were upregulated compared to those in the DIQ group ileum tissue.Conclusion: Supplementation of QUE and SB demonstrated the ability to relieve oxidative stress in pullets post DIQ-injection with a time-dependent manner and QUE and SB may be potential antioxidant additives for relieving oxidative stress and protecting the intestinal barrier of pullets.

Leaching Characteristics of Iron and Manganese from Steel Slag with Repetitive Replenishment of Leachate

Longxi Han,Bo Chen,Tiantian Liu,최용주 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.8

Steel slag reuse as a construction material is an attractive solution for the management of the industrial byproduct. However, concern exists on the release of steel slag constituents when a massive amount of the material is reused in the field. This study is aimed to improve the understanding on the leaching characteristics of iron and manganese, two heavy metals that are present in steel slag at relatively high contents. Concentrations of iron and manganese in the batch leaching experiment readily reach close to equilibrium within 1 hour. Batch leaching experiments conducted with exchange of the leaching solution at 1 hour intervals show that the leaching occurs consistently with relatively constant concentration up to 50 events of exchange. The leaching is a strong function of salinity showing factors of 11.6 and 3.8 increase in iron and manganese leachate concentrations, respectively. Despite the wide size ranges (<0.5 to >25 mm) tested, effect of slag grain size is less pronounced compared to the salinity effect. The average concentration in the leachate for 50 leaching events is sub-mg L−1 level for iron at most and an order of magnitude lower for manganese than the value for iron. These results show that steel slag is an almost permanent but a very low-level source of iron and manganese when reused in the environment.