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Finance for the post-Covid world: Risks and opportunities
( Thorsten Beck ),( Yung Chul Park ) 한국금융연구원 2022 기타보고서 Vol.2022 No.2
As the world emerges from the Covid-19 pandemic, the financial sector and its regulators face important challenges. At the same time, a well-functioning and efficient financial system is critical to face the challenges of the future, including climate change. This paper stresses the importance of carefully designed pandemic exit strategies for the financial sector, describes several long-term trends that have changed the nature of finance over the past decades, trends that might be further reinforced with the recent trend towards digitalisation. We discuss the role that the financial sector has to take in the transition to a net zero economy, but also stress the disincentives that especially banks face.
Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants Associated Bleeding and Its Antidotes
Thorsten Steiner,Martin Köhrmann,Peter D. Schellinger,Georgios Tsivgoulis 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.3
Oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (OAC-ICH) accounts for nearly 20% of all ICH. The number of patients with an indication for oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) increases with increasing age. OAT became less complicate with the introduction of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAC) OAT because of easier handling, favorable risk-benefit profile, reduced rates of ICH compared to vitamin K antagonists and no need for routine coagulation testing. Consequently, despite a better safety profile of NOAC the number of patients with OAC-ICH will increase. The mortality and complication rates of OAC-ICH are high and therefore they are the most feared complication of OAT. Immediate normalization of coagulation is the main goal and therefore knowledge of pharmacodynamics and coagulation status is essential. Laboratory measurements of anticoagulant activity in NOAC patients is challenging as specific tests are not widely available. More accessible tests such as the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time have important limitations. In dabigatran-associated ICH 5 g Idarucizumab should be administered. In rivaroxaban and apixaban-associated ICHs administration of andexanet alpha should be considered. Prothrombin complex concentrate may be considered if andexanet alpha is not available or in case of an ICH associated with edoxaban.
Multimodal Treatment Strategies in Esophagogastric Junction Cancer: a Western Perspective
Thorsten Oliver Goetze,Salah-Eddin Al-Batran,Felix Berlth,Arnulf Heinrich Hoelscher 대한위암학회 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.2
Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer is a solid tumor entity with rapidly increasing incidence in the Western countries. Given the high proportion of advanced cancers in the West, treatment strategies routinely employed include surgery and chemotherapy perioperatively, and chemoradiation in neoadjuvant settings. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and perioperative chemotherapy are mostly performed in esophageal cancer that extends to the EGJ and gastric as well as EGJ cancers, respectively. Recent trials have tried to combine both strategies in a perioperative context, which might have beneficial outcomes, especially in patients with EGJ cancer. However, it is difficult to recruit patients for trials, exclusively for EGJ cancers; therefore, the results have to be carefully reviewed before establishing a standard protocol. Trastuzumab was the first drug for targeted therapy that was positively evaluated for this tumor entity, and there are several ongoing trials investigating more targeted drugs in order to customize effective therapies based on tissue characteristics. The current study reviews the multimodal treatment concept for EGJ cancers in the West and summarizes the latest reports.