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Institutionalization of Environmental Education in Japan
Masahiro Takahashi,Osamu Abe 한국환경교육학회 2019 環境 敎育 Vol.32 No.4
In this paper, the historical process of institutionalization of environmental education will be addressed as central ideas on how to attain environmental conservation and a sustainable society in Japan. In order to clarify the figure of Japanese environmental education, an institutionalization process and some important topics related to environmental education will also be described. Primitive environmental education had occurred when miserable pollution covered in Japan. Historically it was called Kowgai education (pollution education), which was one of the educational movements. After the experience of Kowgai Education, Japanese environmental education showed discontinuation between before the 1990s and after the 1990s. It is one of the important characters when to see overall environmental education in Japan. Environmental education in Japan prior to the 1990s focused on nature and environmental problems. However, since the 1990s when global environmental problems emerged, environmental education in Japan has been continuously developed. The concept of ESD is included in the idea of environmental education when the Revised Basic Act on Education appeared in 2006. Recently, Environmental Education Promotion Law is enacted in 2011 and it is also contained the concept of ESD. Terminology issue is identified in these days, which means several terms are disordered in this field of environmental education in Japan, such as "Environmental Education" and "ESD" are both utilized various sentence and contents.
Presynaptic Mechanism Underlying Regulation of Transmitter Release by G Protein Coupled Receptors
Takahashi, Tomoyuki,Kajikawa, Yoshinao,Kimura, Masahiro,Saitoh, Naoto,Tsujimoto, Tetsuhiro The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.2
A variety of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in the presynaptic terminals of central and peripheral synapses and play regulatory roles in transmitter release. The patch-clamp whole-cell recording technique, applied to the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal in brainstem slices of rodents, has made it possible to directly examine intracellular mechanisms underlying the GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition. At the calyx of Held, bath-application of agonists for GPCRs such as $GABA_B$ receptors, group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), adenosine $A_1$ receptors, or adrenaline ${\alpha}2$ receptors, attenuate evoked transmitter release via inhibiting voltage-activated $Ca^{2+}$ currents without affecting voltage-activated $K^+$ currents or inwardly rectifying $K^+$ currents. Furthermore, inhibition of voltage-activated $Ca^{2+}$ currents fully explains the magnitude of GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition, indicating no essential involvement of exocytotic mechanisms in the downstream of $Ca^{2+}$ influx. Direct loadings of G protein ${\beta}{\gamma}$ subunit $(G{\beta}{\gamma})$ into the calyceal terminal mimic and occlude the inhibitory effect of a GPCR agonist on presynaptic $Ca^{2+}$ currents $(Ip_{Ca})$, suggesting that $G{\beta}{\gamma}$ mediates presynaptic inhibition by GPCRs. Among presynaptic GPCRs glutamate and adenosine autoreceptors play regulatory roles in transmitter release during early postnatal period when the release probability (p) is high, but these functions are lost concomitantly with a decrease in p during postnatal development.
Sakae Takahashi,Masahiro Suzuki,Makoto Uchiyama 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.4
In our previous study, a prolactin elevation was more frequently in risperidone than in blonanserin; however, it was more often in blonanserin than in olanzapine. Therefore, while a rate of PRL rising is low to moderate, hyperprolactinemia is a considerable adverse effect in the blonanserin treatment. In this study, to examine detailed characteristics of hyperprolactinemia of blonanserin, we analyzed the prolactin data in six schizophrenic patients who were switched to blonanserin from other antipsychotics and followed for one year. As a result, blonanserin dose was clearly associated with serum prolactin level. The average prolactin level was almost normal when the mean blonanserin dosage was 8.0 mg/day. Regardless of the dose decrease of blonanserin, there were no remarkable changes in symptoms and social functions. Based on our findings, we conclude that low dose blonanserin medication may be useful for schizophrenia maintenance treatment without hyperprolactinemia and a high rate of relapse.
Blue Laser Imaging with a Small-Caliber Endoscope Facilitates Detection of Early Gastric Cancer
Haruo Takahashi,Yoshimasa Miura,Hiroyuki Osawa,Takahito Takezawa,Yuji Ino,Masahiro Okada,Alan Kawarai Lefor,Hironori Yamamoto 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.3
Conventional endoscopy often misses early gastric cancers with minimal red discoloration because they cannot be distinguished frominflamed mucosa. We treated a patient with a small early gastric cancer that was diffcult to diagnose using conventional endoscopy. Conventional endoscopy using a small-caliber endoscope showed only subtle red discoloration of the gastric mucosa. However, bluelaser imaging showed a clearly discolored area measuring 10 mm in diameter around the red lesion, which was distinct from thesurrounding inflamed mucosa. Irregular vessels on the tumor surface (suspicious for early gastric cancer) were observed even withsmall-caliber endoscopy. Biopsy revealed a well-moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and endoscopic submucosaldissection was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed well-moderately differentiated adenocarcinomalocalized to the mucosa with slight depression compared to the surrounding mucosa, consistent with the endoscopic findings. Thissmall early gastric cancer became clearly visible with blue laser imaging using small-caliber endoscopy.
Presynaptic Mechanism Underlying Regulation of Transmitter Release by G Protein Coupled Receptors
Tomoyuki Takahashi,Yoshinao Kajikawa,Masahiro Kimura,Naoto Saitoh,Tetsuhiro Tsujimoto 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.2
A variety of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in the presynaptic terminals of central and peripheral synapses and play regulatory roles in transmitter release. The patch-clamp whole-cell recording technique, applied to the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal in brainstem slices of rodents, has made it possible to directly examine intracellular mechanisms underlying the GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition. At the calyx of Held, bath-application of agonists for GPCRs such as GABA<SUB>B</SUB> receptors, group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), adenosine A<SUB>1</SUB> receptors, or adrenaline α2 receptors, attenuate evoked transmitter release via inhibiting voltage-activated Ca<SUP>2</SUP> currents without affecting voltage-activated K<SUP></SUP> currents or inwardly rectifying K<SUP></SUP> currents. Furthermore, inhibition of voltage-activated Ca<SUP>2</SUP> currents fully explains the magnitude of GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition, indicating no essential involvement of exocytotic mechanisms in the downstream of Ca<SUP>2</SUP> influx. Direct loadings of G protein βγ subunit (Gβγ) into the calyceal terminal mimic and occlude the inhibitory effect of a GPCR agonist on presynaptic Ca<SUP>2</SUP> currents (Ip<SUB>Ca</SUB>), suggesting that Gβγmediates presynaptic inhibition by GPCRs. Among presynaptic GPCRs glutamate and adenosine autoreceptors play regulatory roles in transmitter release during early postnatal period when the release probability (p) is high, but these functions are lost concomitantly with a decrease in p during postnatal development.
( Kenichiro Takahashi ),( Shigeki Bamba ),( Masahiro Kawahara ),( Atsushi Nishida ),( Osamu Inatomi ),( Masaya Sasaki ),( Tomoyuki Tsujikawa ),( Ryoji Kushima ),( Mitsushige Sugimoto ),( Katsuyuki Kit 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.4
The objective of this study was to evaluate the magnified endoscopic findings in the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma in the small intestine in comparison with those of intestinal follicular lymphoma and lymphangiectasia. Four patients with follicular lymphoma and 3 with lymphangiectasia in the small intestine were retrospectively analyzed. A prototype magnifying single-balloon enteroscope was used. The findings of the intestinal follicular lymphoma and lymphangiectasia were retrospectively analyzed to determine the magnified endoscopic findings of follicular lymphoma in the small intestine. Opaque white granules were observed in 3 of the 4 patients with follicular lymphoma. Magnified narrow-band imaging (NBI) of the opaque white granules showed stretched microvessels, which had a diminutive tree-like appearance. The remaining patient had no opaque white granules and only displayed whitish villi. Magnified NBI observation of the whitish villi revealed the absence of marginal villus epithelium, which was confirmed by histology. The magnified NBI enteroscopy revealed the diminutive tree-like appearance on the opaque white granules and the absence of marginal villus epithelium of the whitish villi in intestinal follicular lymphoma. These findings may be useful in diagnosing follicular lymphoma. (Intest Res 2018;16:628-634)