뇌실외 배액술 시행과 관련된 뇌실염 : 원인균주와 경험적 치료약제의 적절성

도병훈,김신우,오종택,손종원,하상우,이응갑,장현하,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌실외 배액술을 시행한 신경외과 환자들에서 뇌실염 발생 빈도, 원인균주와 감수성 추이 및 경험적 치료로 사용되는 항생제인 ceftazidime과 vancomycin의 적절성 여부에 대하여 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2000년 12월부터 2003년 10월까지 EVD를 시행한 경북대학교병원 신경외과 입원환자 340명 중 뇌실염이 발생한 39명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 340명 중 39예 (11.5%)에서 뇌실염이 발생하였고 이들 가운데 4명이 뇌실염과 연관하여 사망하였다(10.3%). EVD 시행일로부터 뇌실염 발생까지는 평균 8.4일이었다. 원인균은 33예(87.1%)에서 확인되었으며 Aci-netobacter (19예, 45%), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (9예, 22%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (9예, 22%) 등의 순이었다. 가장 많이 동정된 Acinetobacter 19예 중에서 8예(42.1%)가 ceftriaxone에 내성을 보였으며 현재 경험적으로 널리 사용되는 ceftazidime에 대해서는 11예중 3예(27%)가 내성을 보였다. 결론 : 최근 EVD 시행과 관련된 뇌실염 뇌실염 최근 그람음성 non-fermenter 특히 Acinetobacter에 의한 경우가 증가하고 있으며, 이들 그람음성 non-fermenter는 현재까지 경험적으로 사용되는 ceftazidime에 점차 내성을 보이고 있다. 경험적 치료제에 대한 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 각 병원별 내실염의 원인균주의 감수성에 대한 검사가 필요하겠다. Purpose : To investigate the etiologic microorganisms of external ventricular drain (EVD)-related ventriculitis and the appropriateness of using ceftazidime and vancomycin as an empiric therapy in neurosurgical patients with EVD-related ventriculitis. Materials and Methods : Retrospective analysis of 39 patients with EVD-related ventriculitis among 340 neurosurgical patients to whom EVD had been placed during December 2000 and October 2003 at Kyungpook National University Hospital. Results : Thirty-nine EVD-related infections (39/340, 11.5%) occurred and the attributable mortality rate was 10.3% (4/39). The average duration from the ventricular catheter placement to the development of ventriculitis was 8.4 days. All patients with EVD infection had fever and 89.7% (35/39) of the patients showed nuchal rigidity. The positive culture rate in CSF was 87.1% (34/39) and the frequency of individual organism is as follows : Acinetobacter 45% (19 cases), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus 22% (9 cases), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 22% (9 cases), Enterococcus 5% (2 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae 3% (1 case), non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli 3% (1 case). The polymicrobial infection rate was 15.4% (6/39). Among 19 cases of Acinetobacter infection, 42.1% (8/19) of the strains showed resistance to ceftriaxone and 15.7% (3/11) to ceftazidime. However, all cases were sensitive to meropenem. Conclusion : These findings show that the major etiologic organisms causing EVD-related ventriculitis have recently changed to Gram-negative non-fermenters, especially Acinetobacter. Because Gram-negative non-fermenting rods resistant to ceftazidime are increasing, an immediate change from ceftazidime plus vancomycin, the widely accepted empiric antibiotic therapy, to meropenem plus vancomycin should be considered when clinical symptoms and signs show no improvement or even deterioration.

環境製品에 대한 消費者 行動에 관한 硏究

이종호,정경택,김은환 公州大學校 經濟經營硏究所 2000 經濟經營硏究 Vol.1 No.-

We should not regard the notion of Green Marketing as a narrow field which just treats environmental protection and recycling at the level of the pursuit for commercial gains but regard it something wild notion which promotes all the functions, goals and human life. Green marketing is a means by which an enterprise try to accomplish the social responsibility through the way of life approach centered on the quality of human life. In relation to above statement, the purpose of this study is to help a company build the effective marketing strategies by the study which measures the recognition of consumer about the sense of environment, the sense of consumer about the Green Marketing practiced by the company, verifies the purchase behavior of consumer to the environmental production, treats the interrelation between the demographic variables such as gender, ages, income, occupation, educational background of consumer, and the recognition of comsumer about the sense of environment, the attitude of consumer about environmental productions. So, the enterprise's production and marketing activity which ignores the environmental problem is turned the colder shoulder from consumer, in terms of this, enterprise must divert its passive attitude to active attitude and make production which has good intention for environment. Also enterprise must develope the technical skill to produce production which for environment, with the sense of responsibility and ethics enterprise must do its business.

단일 인접면을 갖는 성층화된 유체에서의 이중확산유동

이동원,홍남호,이종문,현명택 濟州大學校工科大學産業技術硏究所 1995 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-

A two-layer, solutally-stratified system with a single interface in a square rectangle is simulated. As noted in previous studies, a unicell flow pattern appears in case of relatively lower buoyancy ratio, while global fluid motion does as layered flow pattern with two convective layers. The averaged Nusselt number develops as the same tendency with pure natural convection and convective effect retards as buoyancy ratio increases. There is no effect with Lewis number, but for N≥0.7 the convective effect is much more delayed in Le=10 than in Le=100 and 300.

아레리아 베르베르문제 : 까빌라족을 중심으로

이종택 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2001 중동연구 Vol.20 No.-

폴리아민이 흰쥐 복재신경 재생에 미치는 영향 - Ⅰ. 수초신경섬유의 직경과 수초 두께의 변화

이종은,문혜원,이원택,박경아 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

흰쥐에서 척수신경 등쪽뿌리 절단후 척수 등쪽뿔의 substance P 및 calcitoningene-related peptide 함유 신경섬유에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

이원택,이명식,이종은,박경아 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

신경 회로망을 이용한 직류 전동기의 학습 위치 제어기 구현과 일반화 특성에 관한 연구

李宅鍾,金正道 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.2

본 논문에서는 신경 회로망을 이용한 DC 서보 모터의 위치 제어를 수행하였다. 긴 학습시간과 Local Minima현상을 피하기 위해, 출력 범위와 기울기를 변화시킨 새로운 활성 함수를 제안하였으며 IBM AT를 이용한 실험결과 변동부하, 주파수, 진폭이 다른 기준궤도에 대해서도 강인하고 좋은 추종 제어 특성을 얻게됨을 입증하였다. 그리고 일반화 특성이 좋은 위치 궤적 패턴을 분리 실행한 결과 다른 Pattern의 궤적에 대해서도 재학습없이 좋은 제어 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 신경 회로망을 이용한 제어 기법은 종래의 모터 위치 제어에서 문제시 되던 동적 모델링의 어려움이나 계산의 복잡성 등을 해결해 줄 수 있는 전망을 주었으며, DC 서보 모터 구동에 있어서 앞으로 보다 밝은 전망을 기대할 수 있게 되었다. In this paper,a DC motor position control using neuro-controller was implemented. In order to alleviate the slow convergence rate and local minima phenomena, an improved control algorithm with the variation of slope and output of activation function was proposed. Experiments with IBM PC AT has shown a good tracking and robust control characteristics for variable loads and various reference trajectories of different frequencies and amplitudes by extraction the position pattern which has the best generalization characteristics. It was found that the neuro-controller works well fot the other pattern without relearning. By way of neuro-controller, it is expected to open a bright prospect in the control of DC motor to solve dynamic modelling difficulty and speed up response.

단일 인접면을 갖는 성층화된 유체에서의 이중확산유동

이종문,홍남호,이동원,현명택 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.-

A two-layer, solutally-stratified system with a single interface in a square rectangle is simulated. As noted in previous studies, a unicell flow pattern appears in case of relatively lower buoyancy ratio, while global fluid motion does as layered flow pattern with two convective layers. The averaged Nusselt number develops as the same tendency with pure natural convection and convective effect retards as buoyancy ratio increases. There is no effect with Lewis number, but for the convective effect is much more delayed in Le=lO than in Le=100 and 300.

美-이스라엘 間 '特別한 關係(Special Relationship)'와 팔레스타인 平和

이종택 한국이슬람학회 2003 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.13 No.1

This paper assesses the development of the special relationship between two countries, then devotes attention to the American dimension of the relationship, the impact of America's economic and military aid to Israel on Israel's security and Palestinian Peace Process The special relationship between United States and Israel evolved very slowly. Over a period of time, this has come to rest on deep-seated factors, including historical memory, Judo-Christian values, the Holocaust, societal ties, strategic interests and the tenacity of Israel. United States was slow to provide military assistance or economic aid. At first, for Israel, the special relationship was much more with France than U,S. and was driven largely by the sense of sharing a common enemy, Nasser. But in the second Eisenhower administration. This change in policy occurred because of strategic factors in the Middle East and a recognition that Israel could be a strategic assets to the United States. The relationship expanded slowly and then deepened after Six Day War of 1967 and especially after October War of 1973 and Iranian Islamic Revolution , Soviet invasion to Afghan of 1979. For Israel, the special relationship with the United States has been of fundamental importance. During the height of the Cold War, this worked to counterbalance what could otherwise have been dangerously strong intervention from the Soviet Union. Domestic politics within U.S. have been a significant contributory factors, and the choice of individual leaders in Washington or Tel Aviv. Historically, U.S. has defined Israeli security primarily in terms of American arms transfers, which may be lucrative for U.S. arms exporters and enhance the U.S. domination of the region, but they do not address Israel's core security concern, the violent reaction of a population resentful over three- and -half decades of military occupation. U.S. support for Israel has taken a Qualitative shift to the right in the administration of Bush and Sharon. U.S policy makers identified with the more hawkish wing of the center- left Labour Party. In the year since of September 11 terrorist attacks against U.S., however, the U.S. position has lined up with the quintessential rightist Ariel Sharon. Bush speech focused upon the idea that while Israel's right to exist is a given, Palestine's right to exist - even as a mini -state on the West Bank and Gaza Strip- is conditional. Bush assertion was that U.S. support fot Palestinian statehood was predicated on major internal reforms by the Palestinian Authority, to the point of insisting that "peace requires a new and different Palestinian leadership, so that a Palestinian state can be born".

완전 고환성 여성화 증후군 1례

이원주,김택훈,권경익,김종인,조남규,박세출 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.2

저자들은 외형상 여성으로써 원발성 무월경과 양측 외음부 종양 촉지를 주소로 입원한 complete testicular feminization syncrome 1례를 경험하였기에 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다 The 46, XY individual with complete testicular feminization syndrome is a phenotypic female who is usually somewhat tall, has excellent breast development and presents to the gynecologist because of primary amenorrhea and an inguinal mass. In complete testicular feminization syndrome, axillary and pubic hair are sparse or absent and some degree of virilization such as clitorial hypertrophy, partial labioscrotal fusion and hirsutism doesn't occur at puberty. We report a case of complete testicular feminization syndrome with the brief review of literatures.