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18–30세 사이에 발생하는 뇌경색의 특징, 다기관 레지스트리 연구
장윤경,송태진,김용재,허지회,이경열,김영은,장민욱,조수진,강석윤 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2017 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.40 No.3
Objectives: Although there have been several reports that described characteristics for young age stroke, information regarding very young age (18–30 years old) has been limited. We aimed to analyze demographic factors, stroke subtype, and 3-month outcome in acute ischemic stroke patient who have relatively very young age in multicenter stroke registry. Methods: We evaluated all 122 (7.1%) consecutive acute ischemic stroke (within 7 days after symptom onset) patients aged 18 to 30 from 17,144 patients who registered in multicenter prospective stroke registry, 1997 to 2012. Etiology was classified by Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Stroke severity was defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months after index stroke. Results: The mean age of all included patients was 25.1±3.7 years and 76 patients (62.2%) were male. The median NIHSS at admission was 4. Considering stroke subtype, 37 patients (30.3%) had stroke of other determined etiology (SOD), 37 (30.3%) had undetermined negative evaluation (UN) and 31 (25.4%) had cardioembolism (CE) were frequently noted. After adjusting age, sex and variables which had P<0.1 in univariable analysis (NIHSS and stroke subtype), CE stroke subtype (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–15.48; P=0.011) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome (mRS≥3). Conclusion: In very young age ischemic stroke patients, SOD and UN stroke subtype were most common and CE stroke subtype was independently associated with poor discharge outcome.
Articulation Patterns of Children who Developed Articulation Disorders Associated with Ankyloglossia
박선영(Sun-Young Park),심선희(Sun-Hee Shim),장은실(Eun-Sil Jang),엄태훈(Tae-Hoon Eom),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),이순주(Soon-Ju Lee) 대한소아신경학회 2013 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.21 No.3
목 적 : 설소대와 조음장애의 관련성과 설소대 환아에서 조음장애 유무를 감별하는데 필요한 임상지침을 제시하기 위해 조음장애를 동반한 설소대 환아의 조음양상의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 의정부성모병원 소아청소년과 외래를 방문한 124명의 환아 중 설소대를 제외한 다른 조음기관의 해부학적 이상, 신경학적 질환이나 발달/언어지연을 가진 46명의 환아를 제외한 총 78명을 설소대 유무에 따라 각각 환자군 23명과 대조군 55명으로 나누어 그림자음검사를 통해 조음양상을 비교분석하였다. 결 과 : 두 군에서 조음오류를 보인 자음유형에 따라 집계한 각 환자수는 연구개비음의 경우에만 차이를 보였다. 하지만 자음유형에 따른 조음오류의 환자별 관찰빈도수의 총합은 양순파열음, 연구개파열음과 연구개비음에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 조음오류의 변화유형에 따라 집계한 환자수는 두 군에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 조음변화 유형에 따른 환자별 관찰빈도수의 총합은 환자군에서 전설음화와 마찰음화가 낮게 관찰되었고, 경음화와 격음화과 높게 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 설소대를 동반한 조음장애 환아의 일부에서 해부학적 이상을 동반하지 않은 기능적 조음장애 환아와 구별되는 특징을 보이는 결과를 관찰할 수 있었지만, 이를 설소대를 동반한 모든 조음장애 환아로 일반화할 수는 없었다. 따라서 설소대와 조음장애의 관련성은 여전히 논란의 여지가 있으며, 또한 수술적 치료를 포함한 설소대 치료를 결정하는데 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : We investigated articulation patterns in children with ankyloglossia who developed articulation disorders in order to determine the relationship between ankyloglossia and articulation disorders, and to clinically detect children who have articulation disorders associated with ankyloglossia. Methods : The participants of this study were 23 children with articulation disorders that accompanied ankyloglossia and 55 controls with functional articulation disorders independent of anatomical problems, who were admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2012. All children underwent speech-language pathologic evaluation using the Picture Consonant Articulation Test (PCAT; Young-Tae Kim, 1994). We retrospectively compared collected data between the subject and control groups using Fisher's exact test and odds ratio tests with a 95% confidential interval for categorical variables and the independent Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables. Results : The number of patients with articulation errors in the velar nasal was lower significantly only in the subject group (P =0.038). The total numbers of articulation errors in the bilabial plosive, velar plosive and velar nasal also were lower (P=0.007, P˂0.001, and P=0.034, respectively). There were no differences in the numbers of patients with articulation errors according to phonological changes between the two groups. However, the total numbers of fronting and frication were lower in the subject group (both P˂0.001), but the total numbers of plosivation and tensing were higher (P =0.002 and P =0.008, respectively). Conclusion : This study showed that the relationship between an articulation disorder and ankyloglossia is doubtful, although some results suggest that ankyloglossia may cause articulation errors only in certain individuals. Therefore, clinicians should be careful when determining the relationship between ankyloglossia and articulation disorders and use caution when making a treatment decision.
현대건축에 있어서 脫定型的 공간구성의 多義的 표현에 관한 연구
장훈익,김영태 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.2
This study is about ex-formal types of spatial composition. There are five types of various space expression of contemporary architecture with concept of ex-formal. They are dynamic form composition through plasticity of concrete, disposal spatial composition by geometric collision and geometric superimposion, deconstruction formal composition through form dismantle, ex-cubic spatial composition through folding and free formal composition by digital technology. Also, there are some elements express ex-formality spatial composition for each type. To begin with, they are plasticity, totality and dynamism in dynamic form composition through plasticity of concrete, they are interpenetration, dispersibility in the second type, temporality, fragment, destruction in the third type and obliquity, inclination, bending in the fourth type. Finally, they are fluidity, nonlinearity, plasticity, organic character, continuity in free formal composition by digital technology. Therefore, this study aims to help understand tendency of various space expression in contemporary architecture through searching how to express type of ex-formal spatial composition and polysemous expression character in building since 1960's.
항진균물질을 생산하는 Streptomyces fimbriatus AF21-3의 분리 및 동정
장주현,김정완,이우윤,윤영준,이경림,김승곤,이태수 인천대학교 2000 基礎科學論文集 Vol.11 No.1
Actinomycetes were isolated from soil to find new antibiotics. An active antimicrobial compound was isolated from the culture filtrate of Actinomycetes AF 21-3. The Actinomycetes strain which showed strong antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis and Microsporum gypseum was identified as Streptomyces fimbriatus and named as Streptomyces fimbriatus AF 21-3.
계층버스 다중처리기 시스템에서의 효율적인 캐쉬 일관성 프로토콜
장태무,박영호 동국대학교 대학원 1992 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.22 No.-
We present an efficient cache coherence protocol for shared-memory multiprocessor system employing a hierarchical bus system. The protocol a modified version of Goodman's write-once cache coherent protocol, allows the existence of multiple shared blocks in a cluster but reduces contentions on bus and memory units arising from references to upper levels. Results of simulation based on multi-stage queueing network model, show that our protocol is an improvement on the existing version of writee-once in terms of throughputs and average response times measured with varying conditions
공분산구조분석법을 활용한 통행수단, 활동 및 통행행태에 대한 인과성 평가
장태연,김대영,김정호,권진영 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-
Activities done by individual are usually classified into obligatory and discretionary ones. Simple or complex trip pattern is performed as these activities are linked and various travel modes are used. Individuals try to link several trips as a type of chain to save transportation resources such as travel distance or time, which consequently produces complex trip pattern. These changes in urban transportation environment and less studies on activity-based characteristics make difficult to forecast trips resulting from trip linkage behavior. The purpose of study is to analyze possible causal relationships among activities, travel mode choices and travel patterns, assuming that they are directly influenced by individual or household attributes. Two kinds of models are established to achieve this purpose. One is the allocation model for mode choice for activities by three stage least square estimation method under the restricted conditions. The other is covariance structure model(LISREL) to analyze direct and indirect effect among attributes. As a result, the allocation of travel modes is mainly influenced by variables such as gender, education level, marriage, and children under 13 years old. In LISREL, it is shown that those variables well explain an exogenous personal attributes and only family income do an exogenous household attributes. While trip pattern attributes is well reflected by travel mode attributes, it is less reflected by activity attributes.