정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

정면밀링커터의 마모 특성 연구

鄭準基,金鍾太 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

According as concerns about unmaned and automated manufacturing systems recently is getting bigger and bigger, the study for constructing the latest system including FMS, CIMS, and so forth is proceeding at a rapid speed. Now here, this study can say these : If the condition of rapid wear stage(over 0.2mm)by the relative act between workpiece and tools, it severly degrades the high quality of the machined surface. As the result of that, the system which can sense the in-process monitoring in advance necessarily has to be used to checking the abnormal state of the tool like above things. Therefore this study suggested as a means for the in-process monitoring feasibility of tool wear checking, as gradual increasing tool wear, by using AE signals not being affected by noise. Therefore we can come to the following conclusions. 1) The AE signals to generate from workpiece are very sensitive to increasing tool wear. 2) We can observe that workpiece SM45C and SKD11 seldom changed until micro-breakage stage of tool wear(under 0.2mm), but largely increased an amplitude of AE signal after show that the rapid wear stage(over 0.2mm). These results show that AE signals in this step have much useful information to foretell heavy damage between workpiece and cutting tools. 3) Cutting force little change in case the change of the geometry shape like the tool wear change little appears the change is very indistinct. So we have a difficulty in checking the tool wear stage by in-process.

Fuzzy 제어기를 이용한 외란부가 Servo System 제어

정형환,김태우,이오걸,이준탁 東亞大學校 1991 東亞論叢 Vol.28 No.1

A servo system requires faster and more accurate dynamic responses. Generally a PD control is mai-nly used to obtain the precision, and in the other hand a fuzzy control to improve the transient respo-nse and to cope with the nonlinearity of systems. Recently hybrid control, which is attempted to combine the advantages of PD control and a Fuzzy control was proposed, but this technique requires complicate design procedures. Therefore in this paper, a fuzzy controller with a series of membership functions and various sampling periods and rules, was designed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory and auto tuning methods of imput scale factors using the proposed windowing techniques. And also it was showed to have the excellent adaptive performacnes against internal-external disturbances and the usefulness of this controller from the results of simulations.

Water-soluble Genistin Glycoside Isoflavones Upregulate Antioxidant Metallothionein Expression and Scavenge Free Radicals

Chung, Mi-Ja,Kang, Ah-Young,Jun, Hee-Jin,Kim Sang-Yeon,Moon, Tae-Hwa,Park, Kwan-Hwa,Lee, Sung-Joon 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

능동 클램프 ZVS 플라이백 컨버터의 역률개선에 관한 연구

최태영,류동균,이우석,안정준,원충연,김수석 성균관대학교 2002 학술회의지원논문목록집 Vol.2002 No.-

본 논문에서는 single-stage, two-stage 두가지 역률보상(PFC)기법을 기존의 능동 클램프 플라이백 컨버터에 적용하여 역률 개선을 하였다. 삽입된 플라이백 컨버터의 능동클램프회로가 주스위치와 보조스위치의 영전압스위칭(ZVS)을 구현하며, 스위칭 손실을 줄임으로써 고효율을 얻을 수 있고, 높은 주파수에서의 스위칭이 가능하다. 하지만 일반적으로 사용되는 다이오드정류기, 평활용커패시터에 의한 낮은 역률의 문제점이 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 300W급 능동 클램프ZVS플라이백 컨버터를 설계하여 single-stage, two-stage방식을 적용, 입력역률개선을 시뮬레이션과 실험에 의해 입증하고자 한다. This paper analyzed PFC of active clamp ZVS flyback converter by adding two method PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit - two-stage and single-stage. The addition of active clamp circuit also provide a mechanism for achieving ZVS of both the primary and auxiliary switches. ZVS also limits the turn off di/dt of the output rectifier, reducing rectifier switching loss and switching noise, due to diode reverse recovery. As a results, the proposed converters have characteristics of the reduced switching noise and high efficiency in comparison to conventional flyback converter. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed converters improve the input PF of 300W ZVS flyback converter by adding single-stage, two-stage PFC circuit.

水溶液에서 活性炭에 依한 orthophosphate 吸着에 관한 硏究

李太俊,鄭在灌 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.1

The orthophosphate removal from aqueous solutions was undertaken with activated carbon using integral bed reactor ranging from 3.5cm to 20.0cm in height. The concentration in the feed solutions varied from 1.0mg PO_4^-3/l to 5.0mg PO_4^-3/l. Generally, the liquid-solid type reaction is complicated by the presence of resistances as a result of film diffusion across the external solid surface and particle diffusion through the pores of solid. Therefore, their diffusional influences should be minimized to establish the optimal operating conditions as much as possible. The experimental studies investigated in this experiment indicate that activated carbon possesses higher adsorptive capacity for orthophosphates and that the exhausted activated carbon can be regenerated effectively. The reaction kinetics studied in this experiment may be summarized as follows: Bed height Overall rate of removal of orthophosphate 3.5cm r = 0.0025C_b^0.97-0.1321q_b^0.87 10.0cm r = 0.0027C_b^0.97-0.1327q_b^0.87 16.5cm r = 0.0029C_b^0.97_0.2780q_b^0.87 20.0cm r = 0.0030C_b^0.97-0.3027q_b^0.87 From this result the overall rate of removal is faster with increasing bed height. At the equilibrium conditions the overall rate of orthophosphates removal was found to follow the Freundlich form: q_b = K_pC_b^1/0.90 From batch studies maximum orthophosphates adsorption was found at pH4.0-7.0 with decreasing amounts of adsorption at lower and at higher pH and empirical Freundlich isotherm could be expressed as follows: q_s = KC_s^1/0.97 The regeneration efficiencies obtained from the initial rates of orthophosphates removal through the regeneration process using integral bed reactor may be expressed as 85.2, 68.6, 48.9 and 19.1 percents, respectively.

Effect of Developmental Lead Exposure on the Expression of Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunit mRNA

Kim, Tae-Wan,Chung, In-Sung,Bae, Jae-Hoon,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, Joon-Sik 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: in vivo 및 vitro에서 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연 폭로 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 흰쥐 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 NR2A, NR2B 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연의 영향은 정상군과 연 폭로군의 출생 후 7일, 14일, 22일 흰쥐의 해마에서 in situ hybridization으로 mRNA 발현 정도를 densitometer로 측정하여 비교하였고, 연과 NMDA 의 세포독성은 해마 신경세포 일차배양 후 도립현미경을 이용한 형태학적인 관찰과 LDH 활성도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 연 과 NMDA 에 의한 세포독성에 대한 in vitro 실험에서 형태학적 소견과 LDH 활성도에서 해마 미성숙 신경세포와 성숙 신경세포사이의 차이가 있었으므로, 연과 NMDA 독성효과는 해마 신경세포의 발달 단계에 따라 차이가 있다. 정상군의 해마에서의 NR2A mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나, NR2B mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나 NR2B mRNA 발현은 연령의 증가에 따른 변화가 없었다. 연 폭로에 희한 NR2A mRNA 발현은 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05), NR2B mRNA 발현은 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 만성적 연 폭로는 NR2A를 포함하는 NMDA 수용체를 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론: 연은 해마신경세포의 발생단계에서 NMDA 수용체 아단위 특히 NR2A mRNA 발현의 변화를 야기하여 시냅스 신호 전달에 영향을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. Hippocampus

척수강내 Bupivavacain에 첨가한 소량의 Neostigmin의 진통효과와 부작용

소금영,정종달,김병철,유벙식,안태훈,김훈정,임경준 조선대학교 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.2

Background : Spinal cholinergic receptor has been shown to have a antinociceptive action, an effect that can be mimicked by spinal cholinesterase inhibitor. Intrathecal injection of neostigmine cause analgesia and adverse effect in a dose-dependent pattern in the patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether small doses of intrathecal neostigmine (10, 25 and 50 ㎍) produce analgesia and any side effects. Method : After getting informed consents, 60 patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery of lower extremities under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Using dose-ranging design, patients received either normal saline or neostigmine l0, 25 or 50 ㎍ in a 1-㎎ solution of 5% glucose in normal saline with heavy bupivacaine 12 ㎎. Heart rate, blood pressure, degree of motor and sensory block were recorded. The assessment of postoperative analgesia included time to first rescue, total number of rescue medication and pain score on visual analog scale (VAS) at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 hour. Nausea and vomiting were assessed by using the visual analog scale at 24 hr postperatively and the incidence of them was recorded postoperatively. Result : There were no significant differences among the four groups in characteristics of spinal blocks. Compared to saline, neostigmine groups significantly prolonged time to first rescue medication and decreased total number of rescue medication and pain visual analog scale score, but incidence of nausea and 24hr nausea VAS score were not increased in neostigmine group compared to control group. Conclusion : These data in patients injected intrathecal neostigmine suggest that analgesia may occur at doses less than neostigmine 50 ㎍ and neostigmine 50㎍ has a better analgesia effect with fewer side effects than other doses for postoperative analgesia.

골관절염 환자에서 관절내 Sodium Hyaluronate(Hyruan®)의 투여가 슬관절통에 미치는 영향

김훈정,임경준,위상우,정종달,유벙식,안태훈,소금영 조선대학교 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.2

Background : Sodium Hyaluronate has been found to be deficient in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. We evaluate the effect of intraarticular Sodium Hyaluronate(Hyruan®) on the knee joint pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Method : Ten patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were participated in this study. Sodium Hyaluronate was injected into knee joints weekly for 5 weeks consecutively. Clinical evaluations were performed using visual analogue scale(VAS) for pain, tenderness and swollen joint counts weekly for the first 5 weeks and at 10 weeks postinjection. Result : VAS, tenderness and swollen joint were all significantly improved from 2 weeks to 10 weeks. There was no complication, except pain on injection site in two patients. Conclusion : Intraarticular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate has been shown to be effective on the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

학국에서 심방세동의 임상양상에 관한 연구

이선미,조정휘,홍순조,최윤식,안신기,김성순,김영훈,김윤년,조정관,차태준,김유호,최기준,김준수,이상민,신동구 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.5