Cyclic AMP concentrations in dendritic cells induce and regulate Th2 immunity and allergic asthma

Lee, Jihyung,Kim, Tae Hoon,Murray, Fiona,Li, Xiangli,Choi, Sara S.,Broide, David H.,Corr, Maripat,Lee, Jongdae,Webster, Nicholas J. G.,Insel, Paul A.,Raz, Eyal National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.5

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Allergic asthma is characterized by Th2 type inflammation, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. However, the mechanisms by which DC promote Th2 differentiation remain unclear. Herein we demonstrate that low cAMP levels in DC induce Th2-biased responses in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, mice with conditional deletion of <I>Gnas</I> in DC (<I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> mice) develop spontaneous bronchial asthma that shares multiple similarities with human asthma. In contrast, increasing cAMP levels inhibit these responses. Thus, regulators of cAMP levels in DC such as G-protein-coupled receptors are non-pattern recognition receptors that play a significant role in CD4 T cell differentiation.</P><P>The inductive role of dendritic cells (DC) in Th2 differentiation has not been fully defined. We addressed this gap in knowledge by focusing on signaling events mediated by the heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins Gαs, and Gαi, which respectively stimulate and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclases and the synthesis of cAMP. We show here that deletion of <I>Gnas</I>, the gene that encodes Gαs in mouse CD11c<SUP>+</SUP> cells (<I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> mice), and the accompanying decrease in cAMP provoke Th2 polarization and yields a prominent allergic phenotype, whereas increases in cAMP inhibit these responses. The effects of cAMP on DC can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo and are mediated via PKA. Certain gene products made by <I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> DC affect the Th2 bias. These findings imply that G protein-coupled receptors, the physiological regulators of Gαs and Gαi activation and cAMP formation, act via PKA to regulate Th bias in DC and in turn, Th2-mediated immunopathologies.</P>

한국 재래 닭 부화 후 고환 발달에 관한 연구

장병귀,태현진,최철환,박영재,박병용,박상열,강형섭,김남수,이영훈,양홍현,안동춘,김인식,Jang, B.G.,Tae, H.J.,Choi, C.H.,Park, Y.J.,Park, B.Y.,Park, S.Y.,Kang, H.S.,Kim, N.S.,Lee, Y.H.,Yang, H.H.,Ahn, D.C.,Kim, I.S. 한국가금학회 2006 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

이 연구는 한국 재래 닭에서 부화 후 고환 발달 과정을 명확하게 이해가기 위하여 부화 후 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 28, 32, 44, 52 및 64주령(n=13마리/일령)의 한국 재래닭을 이용하여 수행하였다. 한국 재래 닭의 고환은 2.5 % glutaraldehyde를 이용하여 전신 관류 고정하고 조직 처리 과정을 거쳐 Epon-araldite에 포매하였다. 초박절편기를 사용하여 $1{\mu}m$로 절편한 다음 methylene blue로 염색하여 일반적인 조직의 변화상과 형태 계측을 일반적인 방법에 따라서 정자 생성을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 부화 후 1주령의 고환의 평균 무게는 0.015 g이었고 점진적으로 증가하여 21주령에는 3.93 g이고 21주령부터 64주령까지는 변화가 없었다. 곱슬정세관의 용적 치밀도는 1주령에 32.6%이었으나 점차적으로 증가하여 64주령에서는 92.89이었다. 1주령의 한국 재래 닭 고환 간질 조직은 고환 실질의 67.4%를 나타내었고 이러한 비율은 성장하는 동안에 점차적으로 감소하여 64주령에 7.11%를 나타내었다. 고환내 총 정자 생성은 18주령부터 28주령까지는 유의성있게 증가하였고 고환 1g당 정자 생성은 $18\sim28$주령까지는 유의성있게 증가하였고 $28\sim52$주령까지는 변화가 없었으나 64주령에 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 곱슬정세관의 평균 직경은 $1\sim21$주령까지 주령에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였고 곱슬정세관의 길이는 1주령에 0.34 m이었고 성장하면서 유의성 있게 증가하여 64주령에서는 72.2 m이었다. 곱슬정세관내 생식세포의 발달 단계는 다음과 같이 분류할 수 있다. 1) 정조세포($1\sim8$주령), 2) 정조세포, 정모세포($10\sim12$주령), 3) 정조세포, 정모세포, 원형의 정자세포($14\sim16$주령), 4) 정조세포, 정모세포, 정자세포 및 정자($18\sim64$주령). 이러한 결과를 종합하여 보면 한국 재래 닭에서 부화 후부터 성숙시기까지 고환 발달의 양상은 신생시기-성 성숙 이전기($1\sim12$주령), 성 성숙시기($14\sim18$주령) 및 성숙시기$(21\sim64)$로 나뉜다. Changes in the chicken testis from hatching to adulthood were studied in Korean native chickens of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32, 44, 52 and 64 weeks (n=13 chickens per group) of age. The present study was to investigate in more detail the post-hatching development of testis in Korean native chickens. Testes of chickens were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using $1{\mu}m$ sections stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative(stereological) morphological studies were performed. Sperm production was measured by routine technique. The average volume of a testis of 1 week old Korean native chickens was determined as 0.015 g and the parameter increased linearly from 1 week to 21 weeks days (28.9 g), and did not change from 21 weeks to 64 weeks. The volume density of the seminiferous tubules increased with age from 32.6% at week 1 to 92.89% at week 64. The volume density of the interstitium represents 67.4% of the testicular parenchyma at week 1. This proportion progressively diminished during development to reach a value of 7.11% at week 64. Total sperm production per testis increased significantly from 18 weeks to 28 weeks and remained unchanged. Sperm production per 1 g testis increased significantly from 18 weeks to 28 weeks, did not change significantly from 28 weeks to 52 weeks, and declined significantly at 64 weeks of age. The average diameter of the seminiferous tubules gradually increased with age from 1 week $(42.4{\mu}m)$ to 21 weeks $(412.8{\mu}m)$. The length of the seminiferous tubules was 0.34 m at 1 week, increased significantly in subsequent age groups and reached 72.2 m by weeks 64. The stage of germ cell development in seminiferous tubules was classified as 1) spermatogonia $(1\sim8\;weeks)$, 2) spermatogonia and spermatocytes $(10\sim12\;weeks)$, 3) spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids $(14\sim16\;weeks)$, and 4) speramatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa $(18\sim64\;weeks)$. These results clarified the pattern of changes in the testicular development in Korean native chickens from hatching to adulthood as 1) neonatal-prepubertal $(1\sim12\;weeks)$, 2) puberty$(14\sim18\;weeks)$, and adult$(21\sim64\;weeks)$.

Radiolysis of Paraffin Encapsulation Wax

Kim,Chang Lak,Lee,Myung Chan,Park,Won Jae,Suk,Tae Won,Burns,William G. 대한방사선 방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4

파라핀 왁스를 사용하여 건조된 농축폐액을 고화시킬 경우, 방사선적 가수분해에 의해 발생할 가능성이 있는 수소가스의 발생량을 추정하여 보았다. 분석결과에 의하면, 코발트 60의 방사선에너지에 의해 방사선적 가수분해가 주로 발생ㄹ함을 알 수 있다. 200리터 드럼붕 120 리터가 파라핀으로채워졌다고 가정할 때 수소가스 발생은 초기에 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹이고 100년이 경과한 후는 7.2cm³yr¹로 줄어든다. 수소에 의한 발화점을 25년이 경과한 후 도달할 가능성이 있느나, 폭발한계에는 1000년 이내에 도달할 가능성이 없다. 안전성 관련 주요 한계점이 도달하는 시기는 드럼내 파라핀 왁스의 채움 정도에 매우 민감하게 영향을 받는다. 드럼내 공간의 감소시, 발화점에 도달 시간이 줄어듬을 알수 있다. An estmate is made on the potential generation rate of H₂from radiolysis of the paraffin-wax encapsulant proposed for the solidified liquid concentrate wasteform. The results show tht the radiolytic production of H₂from paraffin-wax-encapsulated waste is dominated by the radiation energy released from ?Co. The radioltic production of H₂will proceed at an initial rate equivalent to aproximately 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹in 200 litre drums that are partly filled with 120 litres of encapsulated waste. The gas production rate will fall to a value of 7.2cm³yr¹after 100 years. The lower flammable limit for H₂in air will be reached in about 25 years and the lower explosive limit for H₂in air would not be reached in 1000 years. The timescale in which these safety-related limits are reached is strongly dependent on the level of filling of each waste drum. A reduction of the air space inside each drum would reduce the time required to reach the lower flammable limit.

Combinative treatment of phenol-rich retting-pond wastewater by a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and solar photofenton process

Sokkanathan, G.,Sharmila, V. Godvin,Kaliappan, S.,Banu, J. Rajesh,Yeom, Ick Tae,Rani, R. Uma Elsevier 2018 Journal of environmental management Vol.206 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, recalcitrant rich retting-pond wastewater was treated primarily by anaerobic treatment and subsequently treated with a solar photofenton process to remove phenol and organics. The anaerobic treatment was carried out in a granulated laboratory scale hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HUASBR) with a working volume of 5.9 L. It was operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) from 40 to 20 h over a period of 140 days. The optimum HRT of the anaerobic reactor was found to be 30 h, with corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal of 60% and 47%, respectively. Primary anaerobically treated wastewater was subjected to secondary solar photofenton treatment which was carried out at pH 3.5. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design and optimize the performance of the solar photofenton process. Regression quadratic model describing COD removal efficiency of the solar photofenton process was developed and confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimum parameters of the solar photofenton process were found to be: 4 g/L of fenton as catalysts, 25 mL of hydrogen peroxide, and 30 min of reaction time. After the primary anaerobic treatment, solar photofenton oxidation process removed 94% and 96.58% of COD and phenol, respectively. Integration of anaerobic and solar photofenton treatment resulted in 97.5% and 98.4% removal of COD and phenol, respectively, from retting-pond wastewater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The HUASB reduces COD and phenol to 180 mg/L and 117 mg/L respectively at 30 h HRT. </LI> <LI> The maximum biogas production of 0.82 L/d at 30 h HRT. </LI> <LI> The post treatment was carried out by solar photofenton process for 30 min. </LI> <LI> Combined HUASB and photofenton process removed 97.5% and 98.4% COD and phenol. </LI> </UL> </P>

Polymer Nanowire Writing: Three‐Dimensional Writing of Conducting Polymer Nanowire Arrays by Meniscus‐Guided Polymerization (Adv. Mater. 17/2011)

Kim, Ji Tae,Seol, Seung Kwon,Pyo, Jaeyeon,Lee, Ji San,Je, Jung Ho,Margaritondo, G. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Materials Vol.23 No.17

<P>The inside cover shows “nanocandle arrays” of conducting polymer. On p. 1968 Jung Ho Je, G. Margaritondo, and co‐workers demonstrate accurate and versatile three‐dimensional writing of conducting polymer nanowires based on guiding a monomer meniscus by pulling a micropipette during oxidative polymerization. This is an important step forward for the integration of organic electronic devices with high density and enhanced freedom in circuit design. </P>

Radiolysis of Paraffin Encapsulation Wax

Chang Lak Kim,Myung Chan Lee,Won Jae Park,Tae Won Suk,William G. Burns 대한방사선방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Amelioration of inflammatory responses by <i>Socheongryong-Tang</i> , a traditional herbal medicine, in RAW 264.7 cells and rats

Park, Sang Mi,Lee, Tae Hoon,Zhao, Rongjie,Kim, Youn Sook,Jung, Ji Yun,Park, Chung A.,Jegal, Kyung Hwan,Ku, Sae Kwang,Kim, Jae Kwang,Lee, Chul Won,Kim, Young Woo,Cho, Il Je,An, Won G.,Kim, Sang Chan D.A. Spandidos 2018 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.41 No.5

<P>Socheongryong-Tang (SCRT) is a natural medicine prescription that has been mainly used in East Asia for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCRT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and in a rat model of carrageenan (CA)-induced paw edema. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) in the culture supernatant were quantified and nitric oxide (NO) production was monitored. In addition, the effect of SCRT on the protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the effects of SCRT on acute inflammation <I>in vivo</I> and changes in the histomorphometry and histopathology of paw skin were observed using CA-treated rats. SCRT (1 mg/ml) inhibited the LPS-induced changes in the protein expression of NF-κB, JNK, ERK1/2, iNOS and COX-2, as well as the production of NO, PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and cytokines. In the rat paw edema assay, administration of 1 g/kg of lyophilized powder obtained from the aqueous extracts of SCRT for 3 consecutive days inhibited the CA-induced increases in skin thickness, mast cell degranulation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ventral and dorsal pedis skin within 4 h. These results demonstrated that SCRT exerts its anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators, including PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, NO and cytokines, via suppression of the NF-κB and JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In addition, the data of the CA-induced paw edema indicated an anti-edema effect of SCRT. SCRT (1 g/kg) reduced acute edematous inflammation through inhibition of mast cell degranulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Therefore, the present study provided scientific evidence for the anti-inflammatory activities of SCRT as well as the underlying mechanisms.</P>

Somatostatin 분비성 췌도세포선종 -1 증례 보고-

김태숙,지제근 대한병리학회 1996 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.30 No.7

한국인 태반 연속 4,000예의 형태학적 관찰

박태동,지제근,이상국,김승욱 대한병리학회 1986 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.20 No.1

경부 척수에 생긴 황색성상세포종

김태진,지제근 대한병리학회 1993 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.27 No.2