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Shin, Eun-Joo,Shin, Seung Woo,Nguyen, Thuy-Ty Lan,Park, Dae Hun,Wie, Myung-Bok,Jang, Choon-Gon,Nah, Seung-Yeol,Yang, Byung Wook,Ko, Sung Kwon,Nabeshima, Toshitaka,Kim, Hyoung-Chun Humana Press 2014 Molecular Neurobiology Vol.49 No.3
<P>Ginsenoside Re, one of the main constituents of Panax ginseng, possesses novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the pharmacological mechanism of ginsenoside Re in dopaminergic degeneration remains elusive. We suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) δ mediates methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic toxicity. Treatment with ginsenoside Re significantly attenuated methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic degeneration in vivo by inhibiting impaired enzymatic antioxidant systems, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial translocation of protein kinase Cδ, mitochondrial dysfunction, pro-inflammatory microglial activation, and apoptosis. These protective effects were comparable to those observed with genetic inhibition of PKCδ in PKCδ knockout (-/-) mice and with PKCδ antisense oligonucleotides, and ginsenoside Re did not provide any additional protective effects in the presence of PKCδ inhibition. Our results suggest that PKCδ is a critical target for ginsenoside Re-mediated protective activity in response to dopaminergic degeneration induced by MA.</P>
Lateralization of observational fear learning at the cortical but not thalamic level in mice
Kim, Sangwoo,Má,tyá,s, Ferenc,Lee, Sukchan,Acsá,dy, Lá,szló,Shin, Hee-Sup Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.109 No.38
<P>Major cognitive and emotional faculties are dominantly lateralized in the human cerebral cortex. The mechanism of this lateralization has remained elusive owing to the inaccessibility of human brains to many experimental manipulations. In this study we demonstrate the hemispheric lateralization of observational fear learning in mice. Using unilateral inactivation as well as electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), we show that observational fear learning is controlled by the right but not the left ACC. In contrast to the cortex, inactivation of either left or right thalamic nuclei, both of which are in reciprocal connection to ACC, induced similar impairment of this behavior. The data suggest that lateralization of negative emotions is an evolutionarily conserved trait and mainly involves cortical operations. Lateralization of the observational fear learning behavior in a rodent model will allow detailed analysis of cortical asymmetry in cognitive functions.</P>
Mai, Huynh Nhu,Nguyen, Lan Thuy Ty,Shin, Eun-Joo,Kim, Dae-Joong,Jeong, Ji Hoon,Chung, Yoon Hee,Lei, Xin Gen,Sharma, Naveen,Jang, Choon-Gon,Nabeshima, Toshitaka,Kim, Hyoung-Chun Elsevier 2019 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.131 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Compelling evidence indicates that oxidative stress contributes to cocaine neurotoxicity. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) in cocaine-induced kindling (convulsive) behaviors in mice. Cocaine-induced convulsive behaviors significantly increased <U>GPx-1</U>, p-IkB, and p-JAK2/STAT3 expression, and oxidative burdens in the hippocampus of mice. There was no significant difference in cocaine-induced p-IkB expression between non-transgenic (non-TG) and GPx-1 overexpressing transgenic (GPx-1 TG) mice, but significant differences were observed in cocaine-induced p-JAK2/STAT3 expression and oxidative stress between non-TG and GPx-1 TG mice. Cocaine-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-labeled astrocytic level was significantly higher in the hippocampus of GPx-1 TG mice. Triple-labeling immunocytochemistry indicated that GPx-1-, p-STAT3-, and GFAP-immunoreactivities were co-localized in the same cells. AG490, a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, but not pyrrolidone dithiocarbamate, an NFκB inhibitor, significantly counteracted GPx-1-mediated protective potentials (i.e., anticonvulsant-, antioxidant-, antiapoptotic-effects). Genetic overexpression of GPx-1 significantly attenuated proliferation of Iba-1-labeled microglia induced by cocaine in mice. However, AG490 or astrocytic inhibition (by GFAP antisense oligonucleotide and α-aminoadipate) significantly increased Iba-1-labeled microglial activity and M1 phenotype microglial mRNA levels, reflecting that proinflammatory potentials were mediated by AG490 or astrocytic inhibition. This microglial activation was less pronounced in GPx-1 TG than in non-TG mice. Furthermore, either AG490 or astrocytic inhibition significantly counteracted GPx-1-mediated protective potentials. Therefore, our results suggest that astrocytic modulation between GPx-1 and JAK2/STAT3 might be one of the underlying mechanisms for protecting against convulsive neurotoxicity induced by cocaine.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GPx-1 overexpression protects against oxidative burdens induced by cocaine. </LI> <LI> Anti-convulsive potentials of GPx-1 require JAK2/STAT3/GFAP signaling process. </LI> <LI> The activation of GFAP requires GPx-1 overexpression gene. </LI> <LI> AG490 or astrocytic inhibition increased Iba-1-labeld microglial activity. </LI> <LI> AG490 or astrocytic inhibition counteracted GPx-1-mediated protective potentials. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
윤성준(SJ Yoon),신봉식(BS Shin),이교원(KW Lee),송혜섭(HS Song),한종설(JS Han),김성도(SD Kim),금주섭(JS Keum),김명숙(MS Kim),오태윤(TY Oh) 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.10
Ectopia cordis is defined as a congenital malposition of the heart partially or completely outside the thorax and often associated with sternal and congenital heart defects:surgical repair is generally unsuccessful because of the magnitude of the deformity and the associat-ed intracardiac anormalies. Four types of ectopia cordis are described : cervical, thoracic, abdominal and thoracoa- bdominal. Cervical and thoracic type are often fatal within days, because the heart is expo- sed and malformed. Abdominal type carries a better prognosis because cardiac abnormalities are less often found. The prognosis of thoraco-abdominal type mainly depends on the pre- sence of intracardiac abnormalities. We have experienced a case of thoracic ectopia cordis at 25 weeks` gestation by ultra- sonography, so present the case and the review with literature briefly.