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신규 살균제 KNF 1002의 오이 및 고추 중 잔류특성
김태화,이재영,유용만,김장억 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.3
Methoxyacrylate계 신규 살균제 KNF 1002의 오이, 고추 및 고춧잎에 대한 잔류 양상을 조사하기 위하여 포장시험을 수행하였다. HPLC-DAD에 의한 KNF 1002의 잔류분석시 최소검출량은 오이 및 고추에서 2.0 ng 그리고 고춧잎에서는 2.5 ng이었으며, 검출한계는 오이 및 고추에서 0.02 mg/kg 그리고 고춧잎에서 0.05 mg/kg 이었다. 오이에서의 잔류량은 1회 및 2회 처리하여 1일에서 7일후에 채취된 시료에서 2.0 mg/kg에서 검출한계 미만으로 나타났다. 고추에서의 잔류량은 시설재배지의 경우 최고 0.79 mg/kg에서 0.31 mg/kg 수준으로 나타났다. 노지재배의 경우에는 0.47 mg/kg에서 0.11 mg/kg으로 나타나 시설재배의 47% 수준의 잔류량을 보였다. 고춧잎에서는 시설재배지의 경우 최고 25.20 mg/kg에서 7.38 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 노지재배의 경우에는 1.99 mg/kg에서 0.11 mg/kg 수준으로 나타나 시설재배에 비해서 6.2%정도의 잔류량을 보였다. This study was conducted to evaluate the terminal residue of a new fungicide, KNF 1002, in cucumber and pepper under greenhouse and field conditions. When a microemulsion formulation (20%) of KNF 1002 was applied once or twice during 1-7 days before harvest, its terminal residue in cucumber ranged <0.02-0.20 ㎎/㎏ under greenhouse condition. In pepper, its figure recorded 0.31-0.79 ㎎/㎏ and 0.11-0.28 ㎎/㎏ under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Much higher level of terminal residues was observed in leaves than those in fruits in pepper, showing 7.38-25.20 ㎎㎏ and 0.11-1.99 ㎎㎏ under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Cultivation condition affected evidently the residue level in pepper harvests. Residual pattern of KNF 1002 seemed to be comparable to strobilurin fungicides currently used.
Purification and Characterization of β-Xylosidase from Paenibacillus sp. DG-22
Tae Hyeong Lee(이태형),Pyung Ok Lim(임평옥),Yong-Eok Lee(이용억) 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.10
Paenibacillus sp. DG-22로부터 세포내 효소인 β-xylosidase가 이온교환, 소수성 상호작용, 겔여과 크래마토그래피에 의해 순수하게 정제되었다. 이 효소의 분자량은 겔여과에 의해서는 156,000으로, SDS-PAGE에 의해서는 80,000으로 측정되었는데 이것은 이 효소가 동일한 두 소단위로 구성되어 있음을 나타낸다. 정제된 효소는 65℃와 pH 5.5에서 최대 활성을 나타내었다. 이 효소는 60℃에서 60분 까지 초기 활성의 80%를 유지하였고 65℃에서 25분의 반감기를 가지고 있었다. 이 효소는 기질로서 pNPX에 매우 특이적이었고 다른 p-nitrophenyl 글리코시드들과 자일란에는 활성을 나타내지 않았다. pNPX에 대한 Km과 Vmax는 각각 0.53 mM과 3.18 U/㎎ 단백질이었다. 이 β-xylosidase는 Ag?, Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> 및 Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>에 의해 강하게 억제되었으며 DTT에 의해서 약간 활성화되었다. 자일로바이오스, 자일로트라이오스 및 자일로테트라오스로부터의 가수분해 산물은 자일로오스이었다. An intracellular β-xylosidase from Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel-filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was measured to be 156,000 by gel filtration and 80,000 by SDS-PAGE, indicating that the enzyme consisted of two identical subunits. The purified enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 65℃ and pH 5.5. It retained 80% of its initial activity up to 60 min at 60℃ and had a half-life of 25 min at 65℃. The enzyme was highly specific for pNPX as the substrate. It showed little or no activity against other p-nitrophenyl glycosides and xylans. The Km and Vmax for pNPX was 0.53 mM and 3.18 U/㎎ protein, respectively. The β-xylosidase was strongly inhibited by Ag?, Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> and Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> and slightly activated by DTT. The hydrolysis product from xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose was xylose.
Effects of Field-Grown Genetically Modified Zoysia Grass on Bacterial Community Structure
( Lee Yong Eok ),( Sang Hwan Yang ),( Tae Woong Bae ),( Hong Gyu Kang ),( Pyung Ok Lim ),( Hyo Yeon Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4
Herbicide-tolerant Zoysia grass has been previously developed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We investigated the effects of genetically modified (GM) Zoysia grass and the associated herbicide application on bacterial community structure by using culture-independent approaches. To assess the possible horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of transgenic DNA to soil microorganisms, total soil DNAs were amplified by PCR with two primer sets for the bar and hpt genes, which were introduced into the GM Zoysia grass by a callus-type transformation. The transgenic genes were not detected from the total genomic DNAs extracted from 1.5 g of each rhizosphere soils of GM and non-GM Zoysia grasses. The structures and diversities of the bacterial communities in rhizosphere soils of GM and non-GM Zoysia grasses were investigated by constructing 16S rDNA clone libraries. Classifier, provided in the RDP II, assigned 100 clones in the 16S rRNA gene sequences library into 11 bacterial phyla. The most abundant phyla in both clone libraries were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria. The bacterial diversity of the GM clone library was lower than that of the non- GM library. The former contained four phyla, whereas the latter had seven phyla. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to confirm these results. Phylogenetic analyses of the two clone libraries revealed considerable difference from each other. The significance of difference between clone libraries was examined with LIBSHUFF statistics. LIBSHUFF analysis revealed that the two clone libraries differed significantly (P<0.025), suggesting alterations in the composition of the microbial community associated with GM Zoysia grass.
Kim, Tae Kyu,Lee, Keon Woo,Lee, Kyoung-Seok,Lee, Eok Kyun,Jung, Kyung-Hoon North Holland 2007 Chemical physics letters Vol.446 No.1-3
<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>It is proposed that the geometry of excited state in the photodissociation of CF<SUB>3</SUB>Br near 225nm is pseudo-linear with <I>C</I><SUB>3<I>v</I></SUB> symmetry, and the dissociation on this surface proceeds via a linear geometry retaining the initial <I>C</I><SUB>3<I>v</I></SUB> symmetry.</P><ce:figure></ce:figure> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Photodissociation dynamics of CF<SUB>3</SUB>Br has been investigated at 225nm, where the <SUP>3</SUP>Q<SUB>0</SUB> state is accessed exclusively. It has been revealed that the ground state Br(<SUP>2</SUP><I>P</I><SUB>3/2</SUB>) is hardly formed with a relative quantum yield less than 5%. The recoil anisotropy of Br<SUP>∗</SUP>(<SUP>2</SUP><I>P</I><SUB>1/2</SUB>) has been found to have a limiting value, <I>β</I><SUB><I>Br</I><SUP>∗</SUP></SUB>=1.90±0.05. The total translational energy distribution for the Br<SUP>∗</SUP> channel was well fitted by a Gaussian function with an average of 155kJ/mol and a width of 30kJ/mol. It has been proposed that the <SUP>3</SUP>Q<SUB>0</SUB> state is not bent and the dissociation on this surface proceeds in a collinear geometry.</P>
GMO 격리포장에서의 유전자변형 들잔디로부터 토착미생물로의 수평유전자전달 평가
배태웅,이효연,류기현,이태형,임평옥,윤필용,박신영,류기중,송필순,이용억,Bae, Tae-Wung,Lee, Hyo-Yeon,Ryu, Ki-Hyun,Lee, Tae-Hyeong,Lim, Pyung-Ok,Yoon, Pill-Yong,Park, Sin-Young,Riu, Key-Zung,Song, Pill-Soon,Lee, Yong-Eok 한국식물생명공학회 2007 식물생명공학회지 Vol.34 No.1
The release of genetically modified organisms ($GMO_{s}$) into the environment has the potential risks regarding the possibility of gene transfer from $GMO_{s}$ to natural organisms and this needs to be evaluated. This study was conducted to monitor the possible horizontal gene transfer from herbicide-resistant zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) to indigenous microorganisms. We have first examined the effect of field-released GM zoysiagrass on the microbial flora in the gut of locust (Locusts mlgratoria). The microbial flora was analyzed through determining the 165 rDHA sequences of microorganisms. The comparison of the microbial flora in the gut of locusts that were captured at the field of GM zoysiagrass and of wild-type revealed that there is no noticeable difference between these two groups. This result indicates that the GM zoysiagrass does not have negative impact on microbial flora in the gut of locust. We then investigated whether the horizontal gene transfer occurred from GM zoysiagrass to microbes in soil, rhizosphere and faecal pellets from locusts by utilizing molecular tools such as Southern hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When the total DNAs isolated from microbes in GM zoysiagrass and in wild-type zoysiagrass fields were hybridized with probes for bar or hpt gene, no hybridization signal was detected from both field isolates, while the probes were hybridized with DNA from the positive control. Absence of these genes in the FNAs of soil microorganisms as well as microbes in the gut of locust was further confirmed by PCR. Taken together, our data showed that horizontal gene transfer did not occur in this system. These results further indicate that frequencies of transfer of engineered plant DNA to bacteria are likely to be negligible.