http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Residual analysis of veterinary drugs in bovine and equine muscle by targeted sampling plan in 2022
Sunjin Park(Sunjin Park),Chung-Oui Hong(Chung-Oui Hong),Se-Hyung Kim(Se-Hyung Kim),Jihye Kim(Jihye Kim),Inhae Jeon(Inhae Jeon),Seon-Young Lee(Seon-Young Lee),Moon Her(Moon Her),Sung-Won Park(Sung-Won 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency conducts a targeted sampling plan and analysis for veterinary drugs within the country every year. Target compounds included tetrachlorvinphos as an organophosphate, diminazene as an anti-infective medication, ketoprofen as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, triclabendazole and clorsulon as flukicides in 2022. These compounds were not included in National Residues Program (NRP), despite their high sales ranking. A total of 94 bovine muscle samples and 20 equine muscle samples were collected from various locations across the country. The analysis of target compounds in muscle was performed using LC-MS/MS coupled with Food code 8.3.1 revised in 2022. A 2 g sample of muscle tissue was extracted using a water: acetonitrile (1:4, v/v) solution, then cleaned up with C18 and hexane saturated with acetonitrile. Compounds were separated with C18 column and mobile phases consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B). All analytes exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.992. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of these compounds ranged from 0.21 to 2.79 μg/kg except for diminazene (3.85~6.86 μg/kg). The average recoveries of these analytes were 89.45~129.13% in muscle at spiked level of 10 or 20 μg/kg. Relative standard deviations (%) (intra-day and inter-day) were lower than 20% for all target compounds, except for diminazene and triclabendazole, whose intra-day RSD % was slightly higher than 20% in equine muscle. Testing confirmed that all 94 bovine and 20 equine muscle samples from 9 provinces were free from residues of veterinary drugs. Monitoring of compounds not included in the NRP should continue to ensure consumer health and food safety.
Park, Sunjin,Kim, Hyobi,Choi, Byungkook,Hong, Chung-Oui,Lee, Seon-Young,Jeon, Inhae,Lee, Su-Young,Kwak, Pilhee,Park, Sung-Won,Kim, Yong-Sang,Lee, Kwang-jick The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2019 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.42 No.4
A novel rapid procedure with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection has been developed by changing various conditions including sample preparation such as QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) methodology. This work has been involved the optimization and validation of detection method for fluoroquinolones which are widespread used in livestock especially in the chicken. Five grams of homogenized chicken muscle were extracted with QuEChERS EN and acetonitrile containing 5% formic acid and cleaned with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and C<sub>18</sub> sorbent. The separation was performed on Acquity UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 ㎛) column. The mobile phase A and B were composed of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, respectively. Flow rate was 0.25 mL/min and column temperate was 40℃. LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring has been optimized for ten fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, orbifloxacin, pefloxacin and sarafloxacin). The method developed in this study has been presented good linearity with correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.9971~0.9998. LOD and LOQ values ranged from 0.09 to 0.76 ppb and from 0.26 to 2.29 ppb, respectively. The average recoveries were from 77.46 to 111.83% at spiked levels of 10.0 and 20.0 ㎍/kg. Relative standard deviation (%) ranged 1.28~11.90% on intra-day and 3.10~8.38 % on inter-day, respectively. This analysis method was applicable to the livestock residue laboratories and was expected to be satisfactory for the residue surveillance system.
Targeted sampling analysis of nitroimidazoles in horse meats
Sunjin Park,Chung-Oui Hong,Hyobi Kim,Seon-Young Lee,Inhae Jeon,Yu-Jung Kim,Pil-Hee Kwak,Moon Her,Kwang-jick Lee 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
The nitroimidazoles such as dimetridazole, metronidazole, ronidazole and ipronidazole were once widely used in the treatment of parasite infestations in poultry, cattle, swine and fish until these were suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. These have been banned from use in food producing animals since 2006 in Korea. Any residue of these compounds found in food producing animals has to be considered as a violation of the regulations. The 51 horse muscle samples were gathered by targeted sampling plan & analysis of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) at different horse farms in Jeju-do. The analysis of nitroimidazoles in horse muscle was performed using LC-MS/MS. The 1g of horse muscle was extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up with hexane. The separation of compounds was conducted using Waters XBridge C18 (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) column at 40 ℃ with 0.2 mL/min flow rate. Mobile phase A and B were composed of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, respectively. LCMS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring was optimized for metronidazole, dimetridazole and their metabolites. The correlation coefficients (R2) for the calibration curves in the matrix were over 0.999 for nitroimidazoles and their metabolites. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.05 ~ 0.24ppb and 0.15 ~ 0.74 ppb, respectively. The average recoveries were 103.5% at spiked level of 10 μg/kg. Relative standard deviations (%) were under 7.63% on intra-day and 7.39% on inter-day, respectively. As a result of validated analysis, dimetridazole, metronidazole and their metabolites were not detected in any samples. According to the targeted sampling plan & analysis conducted in 2020, it was confirmed the 51 horse muscle samples in Jeju-do were free from contamination and the domestic horse meat is very hygienic without resides of nitroimidazoles. Continuous monitoring must be performed to ensure food safety for consumer’s health.
Sunjin Park,Chung-Oui Hong,Hyobi Kim,Yu-Jung Kim,Seon-Young Lee,Inhae Jeon,Kwang-jick Lee,Moon Her,Sung-Won Park 한국예방수의학회 2022 예방수의학회지 Vol.46 No.3
This study aims to establish a modified analytical method with sensitivity and reliability for streptomycin (STP) and dihydrostreptomycin (DHS) of residues level in pig tissues, plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS on the basis of previous studies. The mass parameters of quantitative and qualitative ions for STP and DHS were optimized using multiple reaction monitoring in positive mode. The separation of compounds was conducted using BEH Amide column according to material’s characteristics. The analytes in plasma were extracted with only organic solvents. In muscle and kidney, KH2PO4 buffer solution containing 2% CCl3COOH and EDTA-Na was used as extraction solvent. The WCX cartridege was selected as SPE cartridge in considering high recoveries for STP and DHS. The analytes in urine were extracted by organic solvents with acid and addition of EDTA. The limits of detection (LODs) in STP and DHS ranged 0.45~3.66 μg/kg and 0.22~0.78 μg/kg, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 1.35~11.10 μg/kg in STP and 0.66~2.36 μg/kg in DHS. The recoveries (%) were 94.29~104.5% in STP and 92.32~108.45% in DHS except for plasma with lower values (61.45/68.5%, respectively). In the precision evaluation, the coefficient of variation (CV, %) of STP showed <10.50% on intra-day and <18.04% on inter-day. The CV (%) of DHS showed <8.42% on intra-day, whereas <17.98% on inter-day. The modified method is reliable for continuous residual monitoring in pig to ensure food safety for consumer’s health. In addition, this method could be used in study relation to residue depletion and pharmacokinetics of veterinary drug.
Targeted sampling analysis of nitrofuran metabolites in horse meats
Sunjin Park,Chung-Oui Hong,Hyobi Kim,Seon-Young Lee,Inhae Jeon,Yu-Jung Kim,Pil-Hee Kwak,Moon Her,Kwang-jick Lee 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
The nitrofuran metabolites such as furazolidone (AOZ), furaltadone (AMOZ), nitrofurazone (SEM) and nitrofurantoine (AHD) are a class of drug typically used as antimicrobials. The defining structural component is a furan ring with nitro group. The nitrofurans are currently announced as a substance that should not be detected in food. However, it is being used for therapeutic purpose in the racing horses by the veterinarian prescription of the human medicine. Any residue of these compounds found in food producing animals has to be considered as a violation of the regulations. The 51 horse muscle samples were gathered by targeted sampling plan & analysis of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) at different horse farms from Jeju-do. The analysis of nitrofuran metabolites (AOZ, AMOZ, SEM and AHD) in horse meat were performed using LC-MS/MS. The 2g of horse muscle was extracted, derivatized and cleaned according to the Food Code. The separation of compounds was conducted using Waters XBridge C18 (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) column at 35 ℃ with 0.4 mL/min flow rate. Mobile phase A and B were composed of water containing 0.1% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate and methanol, respectively. LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring was optimized for nitrofurans. The correlation coefficients (R2) for the calibration curves in the matrix were over 0.999 for nitrofurans. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.01 ~ 0.19 ppb and 0.03~ 0.59 ppb, respectively. The average recoveries were 105.7% at spiked level of 10 μg/kg. Relative standard deviations (%) were under 7.72% on intra-day. As a result of validated analysis, nitrofurans were not detected in any samples. According to the targeted sampling plan & analysis conducted in 2020, it was confirmed the 51 horse muscle samples in Jeju-do were free from contamination and the domestic horse meat is very hygienic without resides of nitrofurans. Continuous monitoring must be performed to ensure food safety for consumer’s health.