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Obaid, M.,Kang, Yesol,Wang, Sungrok,Yoon, Myung-Han,Kim, Chang-Min,Song, Jun-ho,Kim, In S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.25
<P>Although forward osmosis (FO) technology is considered to be a sustainable solution for the water and energy shortage, it has not been commercialized yet due to a few factors. Internal concentration polarization (ICP) is one of the most important barriers preventing the commercialization of the technology. To overcome the ICP obstacle, novel high-performance thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes were successfully fabricated <I>via</I> interfacial polymerization on robust freestanding graphene oxide (GO) incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber substrates. Compared to the pristine PVDF nanofiber substrate, the incorporation of GO (ranging from 0.1-15 wt%) significantly alters the chemical structure, porosity, wettability, morphology, and mechanical properties of the substrate, leading to an enhancement in the TFN membrane performance. The results showed that TFN5 (containing 5% GO) membrane possesses the lowest structural parameter of 85.5 μm (one of the best values in the literature), indicating a low internal concentration polarization (ICP) effect, resulting in a remarkably heightened water permeability (<I>A</I>; 2.96 L m<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> bar<SUP>−1</SUP>, enhanced by 167% compared to TFC). As a result, the membrane achieved the highest FO water flux at all draw solution concentrations (0.5-2 M NaCl), and the maximum FO water flux was 80.9 L m<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> (LMH) with a comparable specific salt flux (<I>J</I>s/<I>J</I>v) of 0.41 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> in the active layer facing the deionized feed water (AL-FS) when 2 M NaCl was applied as a draw solution. Interestingly, TFN5 was found to be the strongest material, with outstanding flexibility and strength over that of the TFC membrane. Furthermore, it showed high stability and durability during long-term FO operation. More importantly, the interaction mechanism between PVDF and GO was proposed schematically. Overall, the obtained results show highly efficient and promising TFN membranes that may overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned FO membranes.</P>
전투 시 살상 경험이 노년기의 정신건강과 주관적 신체건강에 미치는 영향: 베트남전 참전 제대군인을 중심으로
이현엽(Hyunyup Lee),강성록(Sungrok Kang) 대한스트레스학회 2022 스트레스硏究 Vol.30 No.2
본 연구는 베트남전에 참전했던 제대군인들로부터 수집한 자료를 활용하여 살상 경험과 전투노출 경험이 노년기 정신건강과 주관적 신체건강에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 살상 경험 유무와 전투노출 경험 유무에 따라 무경험 집단, 전투노출 집단, 살상 및 전투노출 집단으로 구분한 뒤 외상 후 스트레스 장애 증상, 불안 증상, 적대감, 주관적 신체건강에 있어 차이를 나타내는지 검증한 결과, 살상 및 전투노출 집단이 가장 높은 수준의 외상 후 스트레스 증상, 불안 증상, 적대감을 보였으며, 주관적 신체건강은 무경험 집단에서 가장 높은 수준을 나타냈다. 해당 결과는 전투지역에 파병되어 임무를 수행한 군인들의 심리적․신체적 회복을 위한 개입 시 전투노출 외상뿐만 아니라 살상 경험을 함께 고려해야 함을 시사한다. Background: The current study aimed to examine the effects of combat exposure and killing on mental and subjective physical health later in life among Korean Vietnam War veterans. Methods: The data were collected from 342 male veterans with a mean age of 72 years (SD=2.57). Veterans were divided based on their histories into three groups: no experience (Group 1), combat exposure only (Group 2), and both killing and combat exposure (Group 3). Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined group differences in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, anxiety symptoms, hostility, and perceived physical health. Results: The ANOVAs showed that PTSD, anxiety symptoms and hostility were most prevalent among the veterans in Group 3 (both killing and combat exposure). No significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 2. Perceived physical health was highest among the veterans in Group 1 (no experience). There were no differences between Groups 2 and 3. Even after controlling for the impacts of optimism and social support after homecoming, these results were similar. Conclusions: The findings indicate that killing experience and combat exposure should be considered in designing interventions for veterans deployed into active combat zones.
병사의 지각된 스트레스와 자살사고의 관계에서 삶의 의미의 조절효과
현승주(Seungju Hyun),강성록(Sungrok Kang),이현엽(Hyunyup Lee),최윤영(Yoonyoung Choi) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2021 한국군사학논집 Vol.77 No.2
The purpose of this study was to examine whether meaning in life moderates the effect of perceived stress on suicidal ideation among Korean Army soldiers. The participants were all 370 male soldiers, and their mean age was about 21 years (SD=1.18). They were asked to complete five related questionnaires, which include Perceived Stress Scale(PSS), Meaning in Life Questionnaire(MLQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES), Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire(SIQ), and Social Support Scale. Using SPSS macro Process model 1, we found that meaning in life significantly moderated the effect of perceived stress on suicidal ideation, even after controlling for social support. Specifically, the higher the perceived stress, the greater the increase in suicidal ideation in the low-meaning in life group than the high-meaning in life group. Next, self-esteem positively predicted meaning in life in a hierarchical regression analysis. These results suggest that promoting meaning in life can help alleviate suicidal ideation symptoms. Additionally, the effect of intervention such as growth writing, which can enhance the level of meaning in life and then reduce suicidal ideation, was discussed.