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Lignin Based Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding PU Synergized with Graphite
Jia Zhang,Yunxia Qi,Yumei Zhang,Jinchi Duan,Bairun Liu,Baijun Liu,Zhaoyan Sun,Yiquan Xu,Wei Hu,Niaona Zhang 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.1
In this paper, lignin (L)-based polyurethane (FeGLPU) with excellent electromagnetic shielding properties wasprepared and studied. The modified reduced iron powder was modified with KH550, and then the obtained modified reducediron powder (Fe) was mixed with lignin, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and graphite(G) to in-situ synthesize the FeGLPU. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, electronic conductivity, and morphologyof the composite FeGLPU were characterized in detail. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) ofFeGLPU was tested in the frequency range of 8.2-26.5 GHz. When the content of Fe and G was fixed at 10 % and the lignincontent was 5 %, the maximum EMI SE was 21.6 dB, and the frequency width of EMI SE greater than 10 dB was 18.3 GHz. The conductivity was 4.27×10-4 S/m, and the tensile strength of Fe10G10L5PU reached 11.7 MPa. When the lignin contentincreased to be 20 %, the maximum EMI SE was 22.5 dB, and the frequency width of EMI SE greater than 10 dB was18.3 GHz. The conductivity was 1.06×10-2 S/m, and the thermal decomposition temperature T5 (5 % weight loss) reached234 °C. The obtained excellent EMI SE should be due to the synergistic effect of Fe, G and lignin. It can be observed fromthe SEM observation that the G and Fe are uniformly dispersed in PU matrix with strong interfacial interaction. It wasillustrated that the prepared FeGLPU was with efficient electromagnetic shielding properties, good mechanical properties,and high thermal stability. This lignin based electromagnetic shielding PU was proposed to have broad application prospectsdue to its low expenses and ecology friendliness.
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Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Outbreaks in Shenyang from 2017 to 2021
Qi Ying,Dong Xinxin,Cheng Xiaowei,Xu Han,Wang Jin,Wang Bing,Chen Ye,Sun Baijun,Zhang Linlin,Yao Yan 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.4
Norovirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks and to provide evidence for public health entities. Specimens and epidemiological survey data were collected to determine if there were differences in the attack rate of norovirus in terms of the year, season, transmission route, exposure setting, and region and to determine whether there were relationships between the reporting interval, the number of illnesses in a single outbreak and the duration of the outbreak. Norovirus outbreaks were reported throughout the year, with seasonal characteristics (i.e., high rates in spring and winter). Among all regions in Shenyang with the exception of Huanggu and Liaozhong, norovirus outbreaks had been reported, and the primary genotype was GII.2[P16]. Vomiting was the most common symptom. The main places of occurrence were childcare institutions and schools. The person-to-person route was the main transmission route. The median duration of norovirus was 3 days (IQR [interquartile range]: 2–6 days), the median reporting interval was 2 days (IQR: 1–4 days), the median number of illnesses in a single outbreak was 16 (IQR: 10–25); there was a positive correlation between these parameters. Norovirus surveillance and genotyping studies still need to be further strengthened to increase knowledge regarding the pathogens and their variant characteristics, to better characterize the patterns of norovirus outbreaks and to provide information for outbreak prevention. Norovirus outbreaks should be detected, reported and handled early. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different seasons, transmission routes, exposure settings, and regions.
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