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The world data center on microorganisms
Sugawara, Hideaki The Microbiological Society of Korea 1989 微生物과 産業 Vol.15 No.1
It is our common understanding that biological materials like microorganisms, tissue and cell cultures, seeds, plants and animals are inevitable resources for the development of science and technology. Culture collections which are reservior of biological materials now occupy a central position in life sciences and biotechnology. The World Data Center of Microorganisms (WDC) is a infrastructure of culture collections in the world realizing quick and smooth exchanges of information and microorganisms to support research and development in those fields. The WDC was relocated from University of Queensland in Australia to out institute RIKEN in 1986. This article introduces a function for WDC in RIKEN (RIKAGAKU-KENKYUUSHO, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL-1 receptor antagonist
Sugawara, Reiko,Lee, Eun-Jung,Jang, Min Seong,Jeun, Eun-Ji,Hong, Chun-Pyo,Kim, Jung-Hwan,Park, Areum,Yun, Chang Ho,Hong, Sung-Wook,Kim, You-Me,Seoh, Ju-Young,Jung, YunJae,Surh, Charles D.,Miyasaka, Ma The Rockefeller University Press 2016 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.213 No.4
<▼1><P>Jang et al. show that eosinophils in the small intestine can suppress Th17 cell differentiation through the secretion of the IL-1 receptor antagonist.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Eosinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinophils down-regulate Th17 cells. Th17 cells in the small intestine were markedly increased in the ΔdblGATA-1 mice lacking eosinophils, and an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils and that of Th17 cells in the small intestine of wild-type mice. In addition, small intestinal eosinophils suppressed the in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells, as well as IL-17 production by small intestinal CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Unlike other small intestinal immune cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra.</P></▼2>
신경과학에서의 인과적 기제들: 광유전학과 뇌영상연구의 융합을 향하여
유키스가와라 ( Sugawara Yuki ) 한국과학철학회 2014 과학철학 Vol.17 No.3
신경과학의 주요 목적이 두뇌 구조와 기능 간의 인과적 관계를 기술하는것이지만, 그 분야에서 현재 사용되고 있는 방법들이 그런 관계를 제대로기술하고 있는지는 분명치 않다. 이 글의 목적은 신경과학이 인과적 관계를 기술하고 설명을 제공할 수 있는 방법 중 몇 가지를 제시하는 데 있다. 그 관계를 분석하기 위해 나는 광유전학과 기능성자기공명영상(fMRI) 연구를 사용할 것을 추천한 다음, 기능성자기공명영상 연구는 인과적 관계를기술할 수 없는 반면에 광유전학이 기술할 수 있다는 문제를 기제라는 개념에 근거를 두어 광유전학을 기능성자기공명영상 연구를 결합시킴으로써해결할 수 있다고 주장할 것이다. Although a central aim of neuroscience is to describe the causal relationshipbetween brain structure and function, it is unclear whether the methodscurrently used in neuroscience describe such a relationship. My aim was toarticulate some of the methods by which neuroscience can describe this causalrelationship and provide explanations. Thus, I used optogenetics and functionalmagnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to analyze this relationship. I thenargued that although optogenetics, but not fMRI studies, can describe thecausal relationship, one can solve the problem by integrating optogenetics withfMRI studies on basis of the conception of mechanisms.
Flow Balancing Hardware for Parallel TCP Streams on Long Fat pipe Network
Yutaka Sugawara,Mary Inaba,Kei Hiraki 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.2 No.2
Parallel TCP streams are used for data transfer between clusters in today's high performance applications. When parallel TCP streams are used on LFN, part of streams fail to get enough bandwidth because of congestion generated by the parallel TCP streams themselves [5]. As a result, data transfer throughput is bottlenecked by the slow streams. In this paper, we propose the Stream Harmonizer that schedules packet transmission of parallel TCP streams to balance the bandwidth. The purpose of the Stream Harmonizer is to reduce the congestion that is generated by the parallel TCP streams themselves to improve the performance of the slow streams. The Stream Harmonizer reduces congestion by reducing the bandwidth of fast streams by increasing the round trip time (RTT) of them. A hardware based lightweight scheduling algorithm is used to realize wire-rate intensive scheduling at highspeed backbone network. The Stream Harmonizer is able to schedule packets without exchanging additional information with end hosts. In this paper, we implement the Stream Harmonizer using TGNLE-1, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based 10Gbit Ethernet experimental testbed. In addition, we evaluate the Stream Harmonizer using an FPGA based network emulator.
Sawako Sugawara 순천향대학교 특수아동교육연구소 2016 특수·영재교육저널 Vol.3 No.2
Many children with developmental disabilities are discovered through HEI (Health Examination for Infants) before school age. During preschool age, PHN (Public Health Nurse) from local government office becomes a key person who closely supports and guides the children and their families through the support system. There are several services they are able to use, for example, specialized preschools run by welfare services and parent and child programs provided by local governments. Some children are discovered with their disabilities at nursery school, kindergarten or primary school if their symptoms are too mild to be detected at HEI. During school age, there are two sides of support system prepared for their better development. One is Special Education system and another is the welfare service system established by the law. It seems that the screening system is functioning at some levels, considering because the number of children diagnosed with developmental disorders has been increasing for a last decade. It is important for us to improve the quality of education and welfare services for enhancing those children’s better development.
Yuka Sugawara Kikuchi,Takashi Kanbayashi,Tetsuo Shimizu 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.4
ObjectiveaaThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of clozapine (C-CLZ), Ndesmethylclozapine (N-CLZ) and the daily dose of CLZ (D-CLZ), and the relationships among CLZ and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. MethodsaaTwenty-eight patients were recruited to this study, but 8 patients were excluded because clozapine was discontinued before the post-treatment measurement of EEG or C-CLZ. Ultimately, 20 patients (6 men, 14 women) with an average age of 36 years were enrolled. The subjects were divided into EEG normal and abnormal groups. C-CLZ and N-CLZ were measured at 4, 12, 26, and 52 weeks after initiating CLZ administration. ResultsaaAll patients had normal baseline EEG signals, and 8 patients showed EEG abnormalities later. There were significant correlations between C-CLZ and D-CLZ, and between N-CLZ and D-CLZ. The C-CLZ/D-CLZ, N-CLZ/D-CLZ, and C-CLZ/N-CLZ ratio were not significantly different between the EEG normal and EEG abnormal groups. The EEG abnormal group had significant higher proportion of patients with high intra-individual variability in their C-CLZ/D-CLZ ratio. ConclusionaaThere is no relationship between C-CLZ and EEG abnormalities. However, patients with high intra-individual variability in their C-CLZ/D-CLZ ratio had greater possibility of exhibiting EEG abnormalities.