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Cho, Su-Yoen,Lee, Gwang-Young,Jeong, Ji-In,Kwon, Yong Hoon,Kim, Hyung-Il,Seol, Hyo-Joung Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2013 Journal of materials research Vol.28 No.9
<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>The hardness changes caused by formation of the metastable and stable phases were examined and correlated with the microstructural changes in grain interior and grain boundary during aging at 350 °C to clarify the age-hardening and softening mechanism of a low-gold Au-Cu-Ag-Pd dental alloy. Aging in this context refers to the time-delay that occurs wherein such alloys are kept at elevated temperatures for periods upto many hours to allow precipitation or ordering to take place. During the period of increasing hardness, the matrix was separated into the Ag-rich α1 and AuCu I phases through the metastable phases, forming block-like structure. The apparent hardening was attributed primarily to lattice strain due to the tetragonality of AuCu I′ [the primer (′) here indicates a metastable phase; likewise (I) and (I′) indicate stable AuCu I and metastable AuCu I′ phases, respectively] and AuCu I phases along the <I>c</I>-axis, secondarily to the coherency or semicoherency strain between the metastable α1′ and AuCu I′ phases and between the α0 and AuCu I phases along the <I>a</I>-axis. The apparent softening was caused primarily by growth and coarsening of the lamellar structure in the grain boundaries, secondarily by coarsening of the block-like structure in the grain interior.</P></▼2>
대구지역의 기후변화가 농업생태계에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
조수진(Su jin Cho),김해동(Hae dong Kim),김기영(Ki young Kim),조미현(Mi hyun Cho),추연혁(Yoen hyuk Chu) 계명대학교 낙동강환경원 2011 環境科學論集 Vol.15 No.1
A rise in temperature has considerable effects on natural ecosystem, social and economic activities as well as human. As global warming problem has recently come to the fore and climate change has accelerated, properly loss and casualties are mounting throughout the global communities. Such abnormal climate is not limited to one area or region, but occurs everywhere in various types. Global warming is the rise in temperature due to higher concentration of greenhouse gas in the air, in which carbon dioxide is the main example of greenhouse gas and emitted with human activities. Agricultural activities have been actively conducted in Korea before industrialization started with opening of a port in 1876. Lots of agricultural lands have been lost since industrialization at the 18th century, but agricultural activities have been still continued up to now. It is already known through many studies that suitable sites of cultivation have advanced north due to a rise in temperature due to global warming and that it has considerable effects on agricultural ecosystems including occurrence of new disease and insect pest. This thesis clarified the relationship between agricultural ecosystem and climate changes based on the climate data of Daegu where observation was conducted by the National Weather Service, and analyzed the factors that change climates. In this regard, it is required to prepare measures to cope with climate changes based on the results of analysis for the effects of climate change on agricultural environment, to establish and to explore proper measures to reduce such effects.
일차성 식도 이완 불능증에서 내시경적 보툴리늄 독소 주입 치료의 평가
조주영,이준성,김진오,이문성,장재영,심찬섭,조영덕,최우봉,홍수진,문종호,함정식,임희혁,김연수,황성규 대한소화기내시경학회 1997 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.17 No.6
Primary achalasia is a disorder of swallowing in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax. Traditional treatment methods are balloon dilatation and myotomy, but these methods have critical complications and even fatal including esophageal perforation, gastroesophageal reflux, and continuing dysphagia. Botulinum toxin, which has been used for dystonias of skeletal muscles, is presented as a new alternative treatment method for achalasia, aimed to lowering of LES pressure by Pasricha et al. They also reported that endoscopic botulinum toxin injection into LES was effective, safe, and simple method without any significant complication. We report 7 cases of primary achalasia treated with endoscopic botulinum toxin injection, who showed clinical improvement without any complication. We compared results of pre-treatment with those of post-treatment using botulinum toxin in the aspects of clinical, radiological, manometrical recording in these cases. Symptomatic improvement was shown in 4 cases(57.1%), symptom score was decreased from 7.43+- 0.53 to 4.43+- 2.51(p=0.03), The luminal diameter at esophagogastric junction increased from a mean of 3.21+-$gt; 0,99 mm to 5.14+- 0.90 mm (p=0.015), and luminal diameter at esophageal body decreased from a mean of 40.29+- 19.37 mm to 32.71+-15.45 mm (p=0.015). In follow up manometric recording, peristaltic waves at the body were recovered in 2 cases(28.6%), gastroesophageal pressure gradient(AP) was non-significantly decreased from 6.30+-4.0 mmHg to 3.12+-4.47 mmHg (p=0.45). One patient complained of transient chest pain within one hour after the botulinum toxin injection, but she did not need any medication. We concluded that botulinum injection was a simple, safe, and effective therapeutic method for primary achalasia, even though further evaluatian should be performed in the much more cases and the results of long term follow-up, and cost-effectiveness of this method.
Yoen Kyung Lee,Su Youn Yim,Seung Eun Jung,Ji Ha Kim,Ji Eun Kim,Eon Pil Lee,Hae Wook Choi,Hong Sung Kim,Jae Ho Lee,Young Jin Jung,Jung Sik Cho,Chung-Yeol Lee,Hong Joo Son,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.3
Selenium (Sel) is widely distributed through the body, and performs a crucial role in the regulation of organ function. In this study, in order to determine whether Sel treatment and selenoprotein M (SelM) overexpression could affect the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the level of ERK phosphorylation was assessed in various tissues of CMV/ EGFP-hSelM Tg rats after Sel treatment. Herein, our results demonstrated that SelM overexpression induces a slight increase in the ERK MAPK pathway in the heart, liver, and intestine, while no changes were detected in the brain, lung, and kidney. After Sel treatment, the liver and intestine evidenced higher levels of ERK activation than were induced by SelM overexpression. In particular, costimulation with SelM overexpression and Sel treatment induced a dramatic increase in the phosphorylation of ERK in the brain, heart, liver, and intestine, while a reduction in ERK phosphorylation was noted in the kidneys. The results of this study suggest that Sel and SelM may contribute to the regulation of a variety of functions via the induction of ERK phosphorylation in different organs of CMV/EGFP-hSelM Tg rats.
조두현(Doo-Hyun Cho),전익조(Ik-Jo Chon),권순태(Soon-Tae Kwon),송예수(Ye-Su Song),추연대(Yoen-Dae Chou) 한국원예학회 2007 원예과학기술지 Vol.25 No.2
떫은감은 오래전부터 한국에서 재배되어오던 것으로 장기간의 재배를 통해 한국의 중부와 남부에 걸쳐 넓게 분포되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 AFLP기법을 이용하여 국내에 널리 분포되어 있는 17개품종과 중국 및 일본의 5개품종간의 유전적 관계를 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 추출된 DNA는 8개의 EcoRl primer와 MseI primer조합에서 모두 989개의 증폭밴드를 형성하였으며, 그중 36.1%인 357개의 다형성 밴드를 나타났다. 유전적 유연관계에 있어 ‘고종시’와 ‘학동시’는 매우 높은 유연관계를 나타냈으며, 일본에서 수집한 ‘갑주백목’과 함양의 ‘두리감’ 또한 매우 높은 유전적 유연관계를 나타내었다. 하지만 중국의 ‘대마반’과 국내에서 수집한 종간에는 낮은 유연관계를 나타내었다. Astringent type persimmon varieties have been cultivated from ancient times in Korea. In the long cultivation of the persimmon, various local varieties have been developed and cultivated throughout from the central to the Southern area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal genetic relationships of local 22 persimmon varieties, including one Chinese cultivar ‘Damopan’ and four Japanese cultivar ‘Koshuhyakume’, ‘Hirataneanshi’, ‘Saijo’, and ‘Yokono’, using AFLP technique. Total bulk DNA of the persimmon cultivars were amplified with primer combinations based on the sequence of EcoRI and MseI adapters. The eight primer combinations amplified a total of 357 polymorphic fragments. According to AFLP calculated genetic similarities, ‘Godongsi’ and ‘Hakdongsi’ were closely related each other. In addition, ‘Durigam’ and ‘Yokono’ showed close genetic similarity, which were collected from Hamyang in Korea and Japan, respectively. However, Chinese persimmon ‘Dampon’ and ‘Wolhasi’ were poorly related with the other collected varieties.