Volatile Flavor Compounds in the Leaves of Fifteen Taxa of Korean Native Chrysanthemum Species

Su Jeong Kim,Tae Joung Ha,Jongyun Kim,Jung Hwan Nam,Dong Lim Yoo,Jong Taek Suh,Ki Sun Kim 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was conducted to compare the volatile flavor compounds found in the leaves of 15 taxa of Korean native Chrysanthemum species. The volatile flavor compounds from the taxa were collected using a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction technique and were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass selective detector (GC/MSD). A total of 45 volatile flavor compounds were identified with six functional groups: 14 alcohols, 4 ketones, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 esters, 2 acids, and 1 aldehyde. The main functional group in 15 taxa of Chrysanthemum species was alcohols, accounting for 28.7% of volatile flavor compounds, followed by ketones (21.2%) and hydrocarbons (13.2%). Camphor, which is known for its antimicrobial properties, was the most abundant volatile compound (30%) in C. zawadskii ssp. latilobum and var. leiophyllum. In particular, C. indicum subspecies and C. boreale contained -thujone, which has outstanding anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and anti-diabetic efficacies. C. indicum var. albescens could be used in perfumes, since it showed 21 times more camphene than C. indicum. In addition, C. indicum var. acuta contained a fairly high content of 1,8-cineole, which has an inhibitory effect on mutagenesis. C. lineare contained only pentadecanoic acid compounds, whereas other taxa hexadecanoic acids. Overall, the Korean native Chrysanthemum species had considerable variation in volatile flavor compounds in their leaves. This study provides a good indication of specific potential use for various applications.

Innovation of Pencil Lead Drawn Paper Sensors (PLDPS) Using Electrical Resistance (ER) Measurement: I. Optimal Conditions of Interfacial, Mechanical, and Sensing Properties

Ha-Seung Park,Pyeong-Su Shin,Jong-Hyun Kim,백영민,K. Lawrence DeVries,Joung-ManPark 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.7

A study was performed to utilize Pencil Lead Drawn Paper Sensor (PLDPS) as a strain and damage sensor bydrawing multiply Pencil Sensors on two paper types. To evaluate the optimal paper as a PLDPS substrate of two type papers,i.e., plain and Han papers were used. The stability and uniformity of the mechanical properties, were compared for the papertypes. Variability of electrical resistivity (ER) was also determined using four different types of pencil lead to make thePLDPS. In the evaluation of the properties of the PLDPS, for the different pencil lead types, the pencil lead weight wasdetermined by drawing multiple lines and the ER of neat pencil leads and PLDPS compared. Interfacial properties of thePLDPS with different pencil lead types were measured by a spreading test, which provides information on wetting andpermeability properties, using double distilled water. The sensitivity and uniformity of the pencil lead paper sensors made offour different pencil leads were compared in tensile loading. Plain paper was more suitable than Han Paper for use as thesubstrate of PLDPS. In addition, compared to other pencil leads, 6B, which exhibited low sensitivity but high uniformity, wasdetermined to be the most suitable pencil lead.

Innovation of Pencil Lead Drawn Paper Sensors (PLDPS) Using Electrical Resistance (ER) Measurement: II. Load, Micro-Damage, and Thermal Sensing on Composites by PLDPS

Ha-Seung Park,Pyeong-Su Shin,Jong-Hyun Kim,백영민,K. Lawrence DeVries,Joung-ManPark 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.7

This paper describes a new type of sensor that can monitor electrical signals for external stress or damage and heattransfer. It is composed of conductive pencil lead graphite, which is sensitive, affordable and easy-to-handle. This work wasto detect mechanical damages in composites using Pencil Lead Drawn Paper Sensor (PLDPS). To measure electricalresistance (ER) via bending, by narrowing the distance between glass plates attached with PLDPD, ER increased stepwisewhile ER decreased with widening the distance reversely. The PLDPS can easily change the shape in a rectangular vortex. ER change responded well in tensile and flexural tests, while it showed leveling off under cyclic compression. TwodimensionalER mapping was used during impact, drilling and heat transfer tests for detecting damage and thermal transfer. Compared to strain gauges, PLDPS can be applied inexpensively to detect damages successfully under various mechanicaltests.

Enhanced Microbial, Functional and Sensory Properties of Herbal Yogurt Fermented with Korean Traditional Plant Extracts

Joung, Jae Yeon,Lee, Ji Young,Ha, Young Sik,Shin, Yong Kook,Kim, Younghoon,Kim, Sae Hun,Oh, Nam Su Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.1

This study evaluated the effects of two Korean traditional plant extracts (Diospyros kaki THUNB. leaf; DK, and Nelumbo nucifera leaf; NN) on the fermentation, functional and sensory properties of herbal yogurts. Compared to control fermentation, all plant extracts increased acidification rate and reduced the time to complete fermentation (pH 4.5). Supplementation of plant extracts and storage time were found to influence the characteristics of the yogurts, contributing to increased viability of starter culture and phenolic compounds. In particular, the increase in the counts of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was highest (2.95 and 1.14 Log CFU/mL respectively) in DK yogurt. Furthermore, supplementation of the plant extracts significantly influenced to increase the antioxidant activity and water holding capacity and to produce volatile compounds. The higher antioxidant activity and water holding capacity were observed in NN yogurt than DK yogurt. Moreover, all of the sensory characteristics were altered by the addition of plant extracts. Addition of plant extracts increased the scores related to flavor, taste, and texture from plain yogurt without a plant extract, as a result of volatile compounds analysis. Thus, the overall preference was increased by plant extracts. Consequently, supplementation of DK and NN extracts in yogurt enhanced the antioxidant activity and physical property, moreover increased the acceptability of yogurt. These findings demonstrate the possibility of using plant extracts as a functional ingredient in the manufacture of herbal yogurt.

FISH Karyotype Analysis of Fagopyrum tartaricum Gaerth (Tartary buckwheat) using Repetitive DNAs

Yoon-Ha Ju,Franklin Hinosa Mancia,Seyong Yoon,Heekyung Park,Soeun Yoon,Jiin Park,Sunmi Joung,Su Jeong Kim,Yul Ho Kim,Hwang Bae Sohn,Ki-Byung Lim,Hyun Hee Kim,Yoon-Jung Hwang 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.10

경화제의 분자량에 의한 가교밀도 차이에 따른 복합재료의 계면 물성 및 RTM 성형성에 미치는 영향

박하승 ( Ha-seung Park ),신평수 ( Pyeong-su Shin ),김종현 ( Jong-hyun Kim ),백영민 ( Yeong-min Baek ),권동준 ( Dong-jun Kwon ),박종만 ( Joung-man Park ) 한국복합재료학회 2017 Composites research Vol.30 No.3

유리섬유(GF) 강화 복합재료는 금속에 비해 경량화의 장점으로 인해 기체 부품 산업의 높은 성장률과 방산 산업의 발전으로 수요는 증가되고 있으며 제품의 형태를 다양하게 제작할 수 있는 RTM 공정으로 산업적으로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경화제의 분자량에 의한 가교 밀도 차이에 따라 변화되는 RTM의 성형성과 복합재료의 기계적 물성 및 계면 물성의 차이를 관찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 동일한 에폭시를 사용하였으며 유사한 화학 구조의 경화제를 이용하였다. 시편은 RTM 공법으로 제작하였으며 기지의 특성을 알아보기 위해 점도 측정 및 기지 주입시간을 측정하였다. 유리 섬유/에폭시 복합재료의 기계적 물성을 실험하여 굴곡 강도를 측정하였으며 계면 물성을 평가하기 위해 층간전단강도(ILSS)와 계면전단강도(IFSS)를 측정하였다. RTM 공정 시 기지의 점도에 의해 섬유의 함침정도에 따라 복합재료의 섬유 무게 분율(wt %)은 변화되고 이에 따라 유리섬유/에폭시 복합재료의 기계적 물성의 차이가 확인되었다. Demand of glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRC) increased with developing aircraft and defense industries using resin transfer molding (RTM) process to produce complex product. In this research, wetting, interfacial, and mechanical properties were evaluated with different Cross-linking Density by Molecular Weight of Hardener. Epoxy resin as matrices was used bisphenol-A type and amine-type hardeners with different molecular weight. Specimens were manufactured via RTM and wetting property of resin and glass fiber (GF) mat was evaluated to viscosity of epoxy and injection time of epoxy matrix. Mechanical property of GFRC was determined via flexural strength whereas interfacial properties were determined by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interfacial shear strength (IFSS). The difference in mechanical property depends upon the fiber weight fraction (wt %) of GFRC by RTM as well as the different Molecular Weight of Hardener.

고인성 복합섬유 모르타르를 이용한 플랫 플레이트 구조 슬래브-기둥 접합부의 전단성능 개선

하기주(Ha, Gee Joo),김윤용(Kim, Yun Yong),신종학(Shin, Jong Hak),양승혁(Yang, Seung Hyeok),홍건호(Hong, Kun Ho),김정수(Kim, Joung Su) 한국콘크리트학회 2005 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

Volatile Flavor Compounds in the Leaves of Fifteen Taxa of Korean Native Chrysanthemum Species

Kim, Su Jeong,Ha, Tae Joung,Kim, Jongyun,Nam, Jung Hwan,Yoo, Dong Lim,Suh, Jong Taek,Kim, Ki Sun Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was conducted to compare the volatile flavor compounds found in the leaves of 15 taxa of Korean native Chrysanthemum species. The volatile flavor compounds from the taxa were collected using a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction technique and were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass selective detector (GC/MSD). A total of 45 volatile flavor compounds were identified with six functional groups: 14 alcohols, 4 ketones, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 esters, 2 acids, and 1 aldehyde. The main functional group in 15 taxa of Chrysanthemum species was alcohols, accounting for 28.7% of volatile flavor compounds, followed by ketones (21.2%) and hydrocarbons (13.2%). Camphor, which is known for its antimicrobial properties, was the most abundant volatile compound (30%) in C. zawadskii ssp. latilobum and var. leiophyllum. In particular, C. indicum subspecies and C. boreale contained ${\alpha}$-thujone, which has outstanding anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and anti-diabetic efficacies. C. indicum var. albescens could be used in perfumes, since it showed 21 times more camphene than C. indicum. In addition, C. indicum var. acuta contained a fairly high content of 1,8-cineole, which has an inhibitory effect on mutagenesis. C. lineare contained only pentadecanoic acid compounds, whereas other taxa hexadecanoic acids. Overall, the Korean native Chrysanthemum species had considerable variation in volatile flavor compounds in their leaves. This study provides a good indication of specific potential use for various applications.

전기저항측정법 및 젖음성을 이용한 나노복합재료의 미세파손 감지능 및 계면물성 평가

박종만 ( Joung-man Park ),권동준 ( Dong-jun Kwon ),신평수 ( Pyeong-su Shin ),김종현 ( Jong-hyun Kim ),백영민 ( Yeong-min Baek ),박하승 ( Ha-seung Park ) 한국복합재료학회 2017 Composites research Vol.30 No.2

탄소나노튜브(CNT)를 이용하여 신율이 뛰어난 p-DCPD를 지로 사용하여 손상감지용 고분자 필름 센서를 연구하였다. CNT를 수지에 혼합시킬 경우 중합을 방해하여 1차 개환만 진행되었다. CNT 농도에 따른 정적접 촉각을 측정하여 계면의 젖음성을 측정하였다. 높은 신율을 가지는 p-DCPD에 CNT를 혼합시킴으로써 전도성을 확보하였고, CNT 농도에 따른 인장강도 및 전기저항 분산도 평가를 실시하였을 경우 0.5 wt% CNT/p-DCPD 조건이 최적의 조건임을 확인하였다. CNT/p-DCPD 센서의 내구성을 평가하기 위해 동적 피로 실험을 실시하여 인장 응력에 따른 전기저항 변화를 평가하였다. 초기 3회 사이클 동안은 전기저항 변화도와 응력간의 결과가 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. CNT/p-DCPD 센서의 활용을 위해 에폭시 기지 표면에 센서를 붙이고 기지 재료의 파괴거동을 확인하였다. 기지 파괴가 발생되기 전에 CNT/p-DCPD 센서의 전기저항 점핑 신호를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이는 기지재료에 발생된 균열에 의해 CNT/p-DCPD 센서와 기지간의 접착 파괴로 발생된 신호이며, 이러한 신호를 이용하여 기지재료의 균열 및 파괴를 예측해 볼 수 있었다. Damage sensing of polymer composite films consisting of poly(dicyclopentadiene) p-DCPD and carbon nanotube (CNT) was studied experimentally. Only up to 1st ring-opening polymerization occurred with the addition of CNT, which made the modified film electrically conductive, while interfering with polymerization. The interfacial adhesion of composite films with varying CNT concentration was evaluated by measuring the wettability using the static contact angle method. 0.5 wt% CNT/p-DCPD was determined to be the optimal condition via electrical dispersion method and tensile test. Dynamic fatigue test was conducted to evaluate the durability of the films by measuring the change in electrical resistance. For the initial three cycles, the change in electrical resistance pattern was similar to the tensile stress-strain curve. The CNT/p-DCPD film was attached to an epoxy matrix to demonstrate its utilization as a sensor for fracture behavior. At the onset of epoxy fracture, electrical resistance showed a drastic increase, which indicated adhesive fracture between sensor and matrix. It leads to prediction of crack and fracture of matrix.

Classification of Korean Chrysanthemum Species based on Volatile Compounds Using Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis

Kim, Su Jeong,Ha, Tae Joung,Kim, Jongyun,Chang, Dong Chil,Kim, Ki Sun 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.6

In the analysis of chemotype relationship among Korean Chrysanthemum species, the volatile compounds in the leaves of 15 taxa were analyzed and identified by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis used for the grouping based on the volatile compounds. Fifteen taxa of Charysanthemum species were categorized into three groups. Groups I and II included higher ketones than Group III. Group I had five C. zawadskii subspecies: acutilobum, acutilobum var. tenuisectum, acutilobum var. alpinum, lucidum, and coreanum. Five C. zawadskii subspecies were analyzed with main volatile compounds of D-limonene and m-thymol. Group II consisted of four C. zawadskii subspecies including naktongense, yezoense, latilobum, and latilobum var. leiophyllum, and one species C. makinoi. They consisted of main compounds of linalool, cis-chrysanthenol, eugenol, and chrysanthenone. Group III included five C. indicum species and related species: C. indicum, var. albescens, var. acuta, C. boreale, and C. lineare. The present study was able to classify volatile compounds of Korean Chrysanthemum species attributable to major compounds, such as hydrocarbons (sabinene, cymene, ${\beta}$-selinene), alcohols (1-octen-3-ol, cis-chrysanthenol, hinesol), ketones (chrysanthenone, camphor), and esters (cis-sabiene hydrate, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate).