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Foreign Direct Investment in Post-Reform India: Likely to Work Wonders for Regional Development?
PETER NUNNENKAMP;RUDI STRACKE 경제연구소 2008 Journal of Economic Development Vol.33 No.2
We make use of a new and detailed database on FDI approvals since the early 1990s to address two major issues related to FDI and regional development in India in the post-reform period. First, we analyze the location choices of foreign investors. The evidence indicates that the concentration of FDI in a few relatively advanced regions may have prevented FDI effects from spreading across the Indian economy. Second, we evaluate whether the link between FDI and economic growth has become stronger in the aftermath of reforms. Various categories of FDI are indeed positively correlated with per-capita income growth across Indian states. However, it is only for the richer states that FDI appears to be associated with higher growth. FDI is thus likely to increase regional income disparity in India.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN POST-REFORM INDIA: LIKELY TO WORK WONDERS FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT?
PETER NUNNENKAMP,RUDI STRACKE 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2008 Journal of Economic Development Vol.33 No.2
We make use of a new and detailed database on FDI approvals since the early 1990s to address two major issues related to FDI and regional development in India in the post-reform period. First, we analyze the location choices of foreign investors. The evidence indicates that the concentration of FDI in a few relatively advanced regions may have prevented FDI effects from spreading across the Indian economy. Second, we evaluate whether the link between FDI and economic growth has become stronger in the aftermath of reforms. Various categories of FDI are indeed positively correlated with per-capita income growth across Indian states. However, it is only for the richer states that FDI appears to be associated with higher growth. FDI is thus likely to increase regional income disparity in India.
An Exploration of Teacher Roles in Blended EFL Contexts in Vietnam
Giang Hong Nguyen,Elke Stracke 아시아영어교육학회 2023 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.20 No.2
This study investigates perceptions and practice of the roles of EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers at two Vietnamese universities in their blended English classes. Blended language learning (BLL) is often understood as a combination of face-to-face (F2F) learning and computer-assisted language learning (CALL). Teachers play an essential role in technology implementation in language education. Understanding their reality is vital for sustainable change. The study builds on theoretical models of teacher roles and blended learning. It draws on qualitative data. The six teachers in this study successfully combined traditional roles with innovative ones in the new learning environment. They became independent and creative designers, thus facilitating the blend of F2F and online learning. Nevertheless, they experienced challenges in designing activities for the successful complementarity of the blend. This study underlines the need for a high(er) level of teacher autonomy and professional learning opportunities for effective pedagogical practice in BLL in the Vietnamese context, other Confucian heritage culture countries such as China, Singapore, Korea, and Japan, and beyond. Such changes will pave the way for the success in improving English language capability and EFL teacher professional growth.
Victoria-Sophie Osburg,Vignesh Yoganathan,Boris Bartikowski,Hongfei Liu,Micha Strack 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Whilst companies try to attract talents through different means (e.g., financial incentives, flexible working hours), it is discussed that particularly high-quality candidates value information about a company’s ethicality. However, the influence of ethical market signals on talents’ intention to pursue with a job application is not well understood. Particularly in the digital context, it must be considered that companies can control some ethical market signals (e.g., ethical certifications in job advertisements), while others are beyond their control (e.g., ethical electronic word-of-mouth (eWoM)). The present study extends previous research related to job hiring by exploring how both signals affect talents’ job pursuit intention, and which factors mediate the influence of ethical market signals on job pursuit intention. To test the hypotheses, an online study was conducted with 265 university students. The results reveal that both types of ethical market signals increase an applicant’s job pursuit intention, although the effect appears to be stronger for eWoM. Furthermore, both signals enhance candidates’ willingness to apply for a job through affecting the attitude towards the advertisement and company employment image. Moreover, self-referencing is an additional mediator for the influence of eWoM on job pursuit intention. This suggests that candidates relate the information to their self-concept when others promote the ethicality of a company online. In summary, the present study helps to better understand how talents can be attracted to apply for a company, which positions itself as an ethical employer in the context of increasingly digitalized recruitment environments.
벼의 종실 발육단계에 따른 주간 및 야간 HTO 증기 피폭시 TFWT 및 OBT 농도
최용호,임광묵,이원윤,강희석,최희주,이한수,실비아디아바테,지그프리드슈트락,Choi, Yong-Ho,Lim, Kwang-Muk,Lee, Won-Yun,Kang, Hee-Suk,Choi, Heui-Joo,Lee, Han-Soo,Diabate, Silvia,Strack, Siegfried 대한방사선방어학회 2003 방사선방어학회지 Vol.28 No.1
벼를 쌀알의 발육단계별로 주간 및 야간에 1 시간 동안 HTO 증기에 피폭시키고 작물체 부위별로 조직자유수 $^3H$ (TFWT) 및 유기결합형 $^3H$ (OBT) 농도를 조사하였다. 피폭종료 직후$(h_0)$ 잎의 TFWT 농도는 주간실험에서는 공기수분중 1 시간 평균 HTO 농도의 100% 내외였으나 야간실험에서는 $30{\sim}40%$에 불과하였다. 주 야간 피폭 모두 TFWT 농도는 초기에는 급히 감소하다가 나중에는 훨씬 천천히 감소하였고 수확시에는 $h_0$에 비해 수백${\sim}$수만 배 낮았다. OBT 농도는 부위 및 피폭시기에 따라 변화양상이 달랐고 $h_0$와 수확시 간 차이는 대체로 10 배 이내였다. 야간피폭 중에도 주간피폭의 약 1/3 수준으로 OBT가 생성되었다. 공기중 HTO의 수확시 쌀알내 OBT로의 전환 정도는 주간피폭시 야간피폭보다 수 배 높았고 주 야간 피폭 모두 쌀알의 발육 최성기 피폭시에 가장 높았다. 벼가 쌀알의 발육기에 HTO에 피폭되면 OBT에 의한 섭취피폭선량이 TFWT보다 훨씬 클 것으로 추정되었다. Rice plants at different seed-developing stages were exposed to HTO vapor in an exposure box for 1 h during daytime and nighttime to investigate the levels of tissue free water $^3H$ (TFWT) and organically bound $^3H$ (OBT) in different plant parts. In the daytime experiment, TFWT concentrations in leaves at the end of exposure $(h_0)$ were around 100% of the 1 hour mean HTO concentrations in air moisture whereas in the nighttime experiment, they were as low as $30{\sim}40%$ of the air concentration. TFWT concentrations in both experiments decreased very rapidly in the beginning but much mote slowly later and those at harvest were hundreds to hundred thousands times lower than those at $h_0$. OBT concentrations varied with time in different manners depending on plant parts and exposure times and differed between at $h_0$ and at harvest by factors of less than 10 on the whole. Even during nighttime exposures, OBT was produced at about a third the rate for daytime exposures. The degree of the conversion of airborne HTO into OBT in mature rice seeds, being several times higher in the daytime experiment than in the nighttime experiment, was highest after the exposure peformed at the most actively seed-developing stage for both experiments. It is estimated that OBT would contribute much more to the ingestion radiation dose than TFWT if rice plants are exposed to HTO vapor for the seed-developing period.