눈사람

Stevens, W,박진하 한국외국어대학교 학생통역협회 1993 외대통역협회지 Vol.10 No.1

Halomonas, a Newly Recognized Human Pathogen Causing Infections and Contamination in a Dialysis Center: Three New Species

Stevens, David A.,Hamilton, John R.,Johnson, Nancy,Kim, Kwang Kyu,Lee, Jung-Sook Lippincott WilliamsWilkins, Inc. 2009 Medicine Vol.88 No.4

ABSTRACT: Our Renal Care Center (RCC) is a separate building, performing almost 2500 outpatient dialysis runs per month. In May 2007, 2 patients developed, days apart, bacteremia with an apparently identical nonfermentative Gram-negative rod. Because of difficulty identifying the organism, testing in the Biolog system identified them as a Halomonas species. Sequencing of ∼1500 bases of the 16S rRNA gene in both organisms in 3 reference laboratories confirmed, searching against 3 databases, that the organisms were identical and were Halomonas species. There were 54 recognized species of this genus, associated with marine or saline sites. Initial attempts at environmental isolation as primary cultures, including a 4% salt agar plate, or initial incubation in 6.5% salt broth enrichment culture with subculture to agar, to exploit the halophilicity of Halomonas, were successful in demonstrating the colonies seen in the blood cultures, only from sites not contaminated with other organisms, because of competing growth. A more selective method was developed for use on samples suspected to be heavily contaminated with other organisms, using the strategy of increased salt concentration in a broth enrichment culture to further exploit Halomonas halotolerance, and thereby inhibit other organisms. A 16.5% salt concentration in brain-heart infusion broth, incubated at 35°C for 48-72 hours, then subcultured to agar plates incubated in room air at 35°C, proved optimal for selection and secondary isolation. With a combination of these techniques, 14/15 cultures of dialysates and 10/38 from the outflow pathways of the machines were Halomonas positive, compared to 0/31 cultures from the inflow side of the machines (including water supplies and storing, mixing, and preparation tanks). The exception was sites associated with or downstream of bicarbonate influx, 12/54 of which were positive. Two other local hospitals' dialysis centers, and our own inpatient dialysis facility, were cultured at sites that yielded Halomonas from our RCC, and Halomonas was not isolated. Further study by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed the cultures represented 3 novel species: 1 (H. stevensii sp. nov.) in the patients and environment and 2 (H. hamiltonii sp. nov., H. johnsoniae sp. nov.) in the environment, most closely related to H. magadiensis. Of 35 speciated isolates, 22 were H. stevensii, 10 H. johnsoniae, and 3 H. hamiltonii. We hypothesize that the RCC became contaminated with these halophilic organisms from bicarbonate used to prepare dialysis fluid, and they persist despite cleaning and flushing procedures because of biofilm in machines and bicarbonate fluid inflow sites. Our experience, together with the review of the literature presented here, indicates the genus Halomonas has pathogenic potential.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus : A Preliminary Study in Volunteer Blood Donors

Stevens, Cladd E.,Taylor, Patricia E.,Pindyck, Johanna,Choo, Qui-Lim,Bradley, Daniel W.,Kuo, George,Houghton, Michael MediMedia Korea 1990 JAMA-Korea Vol.5 No.3

Sampling and Analysis Methods for Ambient PM10 Aerosol

Stevens,Robert K.,Dzubay,Thomas G. 漢陽大學校 環境 및 産業醫學硏究所 1993 環境과 産業醫學 Vol.3 No.1

ASTAS: Architecture for Scalable and Transparent Anycast Services

Stevens, Tim,De Leenheer, Marc,Develder, Chris,De Turck, Filip,Dhoedt, Bart,Demeester, Piet The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.4

Native information provider(IP) anycast suffers from routing scalability issues and the lack of stateful communication support. For this reason, we propose architecture for scalable and transparent anycast services(ASTAS), a proxy-based architecture that provides support for stateful anycast communications, while retaining the transparency offered by native anycast. Dynamic resource assignment for each initiated session guarantees that a connection is established with the most suitable target server, based on network and server conditions. Traffic engineering in the overlay can be realized in an effective way due to the dissemination of aggregated state information in the anycast overlay. To minimize the total deployment cost for ASTAS architectures, we propose optimized proxy placement and path finding heuristics based on look-ahead information gathered in network nodes. Contrary to a regular integer linear program(ILP) formulation, these heuristics allow to optimize proxy placement in large networks. A use case on a European reference network illustrates that lower proxy costs enable proxy deployment closer to the end-users, resulting in a reduced network load.

Debates around Cultural Re-imaging and Culture-led Urban Regeneration: The Politics of two Festivals in Gwangju and Glasgow

Stevens, Quentin,Shin, HaeRan Brill Academic Publishers 2014 Asian journal of social science Vol.41 No.6

Parkin loss leads to PARIS-dependent declines in mitochondrial mass and respiration

Stevens, Daniel A.,Lee, Yunjong,Kang, Ho Chul,Lee, Byoung Dae,Lee, Yun-Il,Bower, Aaron,Jiang, Haisong,Kang, Sung-Ung,Andrabi, Shaida A.,Dawson, Valina L.,Shin, Joo-Ho,Dawson, Ted M. National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.37

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Mutations or inactivation of parkin causes Parkinson’s disease (PD) in humans. Recent studies have focused on parkin’s role in mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of PD, including defects in mitophagy, mitochondrial fission, fusion, and transport. This study shows that parkin also controls mitochondrial biogenesis and that defects in mitochondrial biogenesis drive the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons due to the absence of parkin. The findings support the role of parkin in regulating multiple arms of mitochondrial quality control and suggest that maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis is critically important in the survival of DA neurons.</P><P>Mutations in parkin lead to early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD) and inactivation of parkin is thought to contribute to sporadic PD. Adult knockout of parkin in the ventral midbrain of mice leads to an age-dependent loss of dopamine neurons that is dependent on the accumulation of parkin interacting substrate (PARIS), zinc finger protein 746 (ZNF746), and its transcriptional repression of PGC-1α. Here we show that adult knockout of parkin in mouse ventral midbrain leads to decreases in mitochondrial size, number, and protein markers consistent with a defect in mitochondrial biogenesis. This decrease in mitochondrial mass is prevented by short hairpin RNA knockdown of PARIS. PARIS overexpression in mouse ventral midbrain leads to decreases in mitochondrial number and protein markers and PGC-1α–dependent deficits in mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, these results suggest that parkin loss impairs mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to declining function of the mitochondrial pool and cell death.</P>

海上保險

Stevens, Nigel 한국해사문제연구소 1977 (月刊)海洋韓國 Vol.44 No.-

CAD Data Conversion to a Node-Relation Structure for 3D Sub-Unit Topological Representation

Mark Stevens(마크 스티븐스),Jinmu Choi(최진무) 대한지리학회 2006 대한지리학회지 Vol.41 No.2

3차원 위상 자료는 응급상황 처리와 3차원 네트워크 분석 등의 3차원 공간분석에 필수적으로 요구된다. 이 연구에서는 현제까지의 3차원 위상 데이터 모델에 대해 살펴보고, 건물을 설계하기 위해사용되는 2차원 CAD 도면 데이터로 부터 3차원 위상적 노드-관계 데이터를 추출하는 방법을 개발하였다. 이 방법은 중심축 변환과 위상적 노드-관계 알고리듬들을 이용한 두 단계로 이루어진다. 첫번째 단계는 중심축 변환 알고리듬을 이용하여 CAD 데이터에서 폴리곤이나 이중 선으로 표현되는 벽으로부터 그 중심선을 생성하여 벽의 골격을 추출하는 것이다. 두번째 단계는 추출된 벽의 골격 자료를 이용하여 방을 3차원 노드로하고 방들간의 연결을 관계로하는 위상적 노드-관계 구조를 생성하는 것이다. 따라서, 그러한 연결들은 노드들간의 이웃성 또는 연결성을 표현하게 된다. 결론적으로, 이러한 변환방법으로 미시적 수준의 개별 건물들의 내부구조를 표현하는 3차원 위상구조 데이터는 건물의 도면 작성에 자주 사용되는 CAD 데이터로 부터 쉽게 생성될 수 있을 것이다. Three-dimensional topological data is essential for 3D modeling and application such as emergency management and 3D network analysis. This paper reviewed current 3D topological data model and developed a method to construct 3D topological node-relation data structure from 2D computer aided design (CAD) data. The method needed two steps with medial axis-transformation and topological node-relation algorithms. Using a medial-axis transformation algorithm, the first step is to extract skeleton from wall data that was drawn polygon or double line in a CAD data. The second step is to build a topological node-relation structure by converting rooms to nodes and the relations between rooms to links. So, links represent adjacency and connectivity between nodes (rooms). As a result, with the conversion method 3D topological data for micro-level sub-unit of each building can be easily constructed from CAD data that are commonly used to design a building as a blueprint.

미 연방정부 고위공무원단의 리더십 유형과 공공혁신과의 관계

( Mark Stevens ),사용진 ( Yong Jin Sa ) 한국인사행정학회 2016 한국인사행정학회보 Vol.15 No.2

미 연방정부 행정관리자들은 수십 년 동안 지속되어온, 심각한 재정 여건 속에서 공공정책을 집행하고 정책목표를 산출하기 위한 계속된 노력을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 미 연방정부 고위관리자들의 거래적 리더십 그리고 변혁적 리더십 행태에 따른 공공혁신에 있어서의 수용 및 집행에 관한 차이를 분석하는 것에 초점을 두고 있다. 본 연구 목적을 위해서, 미 연방정부 보건사회복지부 고위관리자들을 대상으로 심층면접을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과 내용들과 시사점, 그리고 행정관리자의 리더십과 공공혁신에 관한 연구의 발전을 위해서 필요한 후속연구 주제들에 대해서 논의하였다. Over the past three decades, public managers have found themselves working in conditions of fiscal stress in which they must try to compete with interest groups and congressional appropriators to accomplish public policy goals with fewer real resources. The study includes senior executives in the research design in order to gather practitioners in a focused and rich exploration of the effect of transactional and transformational leadership on adoption and implementation of innovation. To explore senior executives’ leadership styles and their engagement with administrative innovation, the study used a narratological research method with semi-structured interview. The sample of this study includes senior executives within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Implications, findings and limitations of the study and future research directions are explored in the study.