시장 불완전성과 화폐의 교환성 : A Case of Incomplete Markets

金慶洙,咸祥文 한국국제경제학회 2003 국제경제연구 Vol.9 No.2

1990년대 이후 많은 국가들이 자국통화가 국제 외환시장에서 자유롭게 거래되기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 화폐의 교환성은 투자자들로 하여금 포트폴리오 분산효과를 통하여 일정 위험대비 높은 기대수익률을 가능하게 하는 이전이 있지만 국내경제가 외부 충격에 민감해 지는 부작용도 있다. 본 논문에서는 시장이 불완전하고 이종화폐의 자유로운 교환이 화폐충격이 있을 경우 경제주체의 복지를 악화시킬 수 있지만 실질충격만 있을 경우에는 복지를 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 또한 화폐충격이 있을 경우 Kareken and Waliace(1981)의 경우와는 달리 환율의 부정성(Indeterminacy)이 설립되지 않으나 실질충격만 있을 경우에는 성립된다는 것을 보여주고 있다. This paper examines the welfare property of opening trade in country-specific currencies with incomplete markets and a flexible exchange rate system. In the context of a two-country overlapping generations model, we analyze the properties of steady-state equilibria when the source of uncertainty is either purely monetary or purely real. With monetary shocks, asset trade does not fully pool exchange rate risk which is not even present in portfollo autarky. As a result asset trade must make the young generation of at least one country worst off. With real shocks, the result is diffeent. Asset trade can make all members of the young generation better off. This paper also examines the issue of the exchange rate indeterminacy originally raised by Kareken and Wallace (1981). With monetary shocks, currencies become imperfect substitutes and the exchange rate is determinate. However, with purely real shocks, currencies become perfect substitutes and the exchange rate indeterminacy results as in Kareken and Wallace (1981).

急性特發性心囊炎의 1例

金星潤,孫宜錫,李禎均,許鳳烈,咸駿洙,金鮮宙 대한의학협회 1977 대한의학협회지 Vol.20 No.9

Melittin-Hybrid 합성 폡타이드가 Fusarium oxysporum의 성장에 미치는 저해효과

이동건,신송엽,이성구,이명규,함경수 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

꿀벌의 독액으로부터 분리된 ME은 강항 항균활성을 가지나, 진핵세포에 대하여 세포독성 활성을 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구조와 항진균활성과 상관관계를 검토하며, 세포독성을 가지지 않으며 보다 강한 항진균활성을 가진 펩타이드의 디자인하기 위하여, ME와 CA 또는 MA으로 이루어진 hybid 펩타이드인 MA(10-17)ME(1-12) 및 CA(1-8)ME(1-12)을 고상합성법의 의하여 합성 하였다. CA(1-8)ME(1-12) 및 MA(10-17)ME(1-12)는 인간의 적혈구에 대하여 용혈현상을 나타내지 않으며, Fusarium oxysporum에 대하여 ME 만큼의 강한 항진균활성을 나타내었다. 또한 이들 hybrid 펩타이드는 (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase의 활성을 강하게 억제하였다. 이 결과는 Fusarium oxysporum에 대한 hybrid 펩타이드의 활성은 균의 세포벽의 합성의 억제에 의한 것과 관련성이 있는 것을 시사한다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 세포독성을 가지며 강한 항진균활성을 가지는 펩타이드의 설계에 기초를 제공하였다고 생각된다. Melittin (ME) from honeybee venom has a broad range of strong antimicrobial activity, but it has hemolytic activity against eukaryotic cells. In order to design peptides with powerful antifungal activity without cytotoxic property of ME and understand structure-antifungal activity relationships, the hybrid peptides derived from the sequences of ME and cecropin A (CA) or magainin 2 (MA), MA(10-17) ME(1-12) and CA(1-8)ME(1-12), were synthesized by solid phase method. MA(10-17)ME(1-12) showed potent antifungal activity comparable to ME against Fusarium oxysporum with no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The hybrid peptides showed strong inhibition of (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase. This result indicates that the antifungal activity of the hybrid peptides against Fusarium oxysporum is attributed to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The results therefore showed a successful design of a peptide having antifungal activity without hemolytic property.

151종 생약제 추출물이 B형 간염 바이러스 표면 항원(HBsAg)과 항체(HBsAb)의 결합반응 그리고 HBV DNA polymerase 활성에 미치는 효과 : 한국산 각종 생약제를 이용한 B형 간염치료제의 개발

정태호,김정철,김문규,이인선,채성철,김승래,정준모,이인수,김승호,함경수 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3

세계인구 43억명 중 B형 간염 바이러스 보균자는 2억 1천 5백만명이며 이중 78%인 1억 6천만명 이상이 아시아 대륙에 집중되어 있다. 한국도 B형 바이러스 간염의 침윤지대이다. 본 연구는 B형 바이러스 보균자 혹은 만성간염을 치료할 수 있는 생약제를 탐색할 목적의 일환으로 한국에서 시판하는 생약제 151종을 구입하여 증류수로 추출하고 여과한 후 냉동건조하여 HBs 항원에 대한 결합능, HBV DNA polymerase억제능, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) 유리에 미치는 영향, 그리고 galactosamine 유발 간염에 대한간장보호 작용을 조사하였다. 151종의 생약제중 0.16㎍/㎖ 농도에서 간염 vaccine 내에 함유된 HBs 항원과 결합하는 생약제는 지유, 가자, 복분자, 대황, 정향, 빈량, 산수유, 소목, 마황, 쇄양, 후박, 목과, 양강, 오약, 산사, 목단피 등 16종이었다. 이들 생약제중 대황(Rheum palmatum L. 大黃), 가자(Terminalia chebula R. 訶子), 지유(Sanguisorba officinalis L. 地楡), 복분자(Rubus coreanus M. 覆盆子)는 HBV DNA polymerase 활성도를 비교적 강하게 억제하였으며 빈량(Areca catechu L. 빈랑), 정향(Eugenia caryophyllata T. 丁香), 목과(Chaenomeles japonica L. 木瓜), 산수유(Cornus officinalis S. 山茱萸)는 약하게나마 HBV DNA polymerase 활성을 억제하였다. 또한 HBV DNA polymerase를 억제한 대황, 가자, 지유, 복분자, 빈량, 정향, 마황, 소목, 산수유를 대상으로 TNF 유리에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 소목을 제외한 8종의 생약제 모두가 대식세포를 자극하여 TNF를 유리시켰다. 그리고 장차 임상에 사용함을 전제로 HBV DNA polymerase를 억제한 대황, 가자, 지유, 복분자, 빈량, 정향, 마황, 소목, 산수유를 galactosamine 유발 간염(백서)에 투여하여 간기능 검사에 미치는 효과를 조사하였으나 간기능 검사상으로는 특별한 보호작용을 나타내지 못하였으며 생약제 단독 투여로서는 간기능에 대하여 나쁜 영향을 주지 않았다. Hepatitis B virus infection is major cause of acute and chrome hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are over 200 million carriers of hepatitis B virus in the world, nearly 80 % of whom live in the South East Asia, Korea is also highly endemic area of hepatitis B virus infection. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of extracts of traditional Korean herbal medicines on hepatitis B virus. 151 traditional herbs were extracted, filtered and lyophilized. Using 151 herbal extracts we tested binding capability to the HBs Ag, inhibition of HBV DNA polymerase, release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and protection against galactosamine induced liver damage. Among 151 herbs, 16 herbs (Sanguisorba officinalis L., Terminalia chebula R., rubus coreanus M., Rheum palmatum L., Eugenia caryophyllata T., Areca catechu L., Cornus officinalis S., Caesalpinia sappan L, Ephedra sinica S., Cynomorium songaricum R., Machilus thunbergii S., Chaenomeles japonica L., Alpinia officinarum H., Lindera strychnifolia V., Crataegus pinnatifida B., Paeonia suffruticasa A. ) had binding capability to HBs Ag which contained in the commercial hepatitis vaccine, at 16 ug/㎖ of concentratioa Among the above 16 herbs, Rheum palmatum L., Terminalia chebula R., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rubus coreanus M. significantly inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, and Areca catechu L., Eugenia caryophyllata T., Ephedra sinica S., Caesalpinia sappan L., Chaenomeles Japonica L., Cornus officinalis S. also inibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity but less effective. All of the herbs, except Caesalpinia sappan L., which inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, actively stimulated the mononuclear cells to release tumor necrosis factor(TNF) in whole blood culture system. The herbs which inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, did not show any protective effect in galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats, but there was no direct toxic effect when herbs were administered alone.

Occurrence of Bacterial Soft Rot of Lily Bulb Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pseudomonas marginalis in Korea

Soo Sang Hahm,Kwang Seop Han,Myoung Young Shim,Jong Jin Choi,Kyeong Hak Kwon,Jae Eul Choi 한국식물병리학회 2003 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.19 No.1

Occurrence of Bacterial Soft Rot of Lily Bulb Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pseudomonas marginalis in Korea

Hahm, Soo-Sang,Han, Kwang-Seop,Shim, Myoung-Yong,Park, Jong-Jin,Kwon, Kyeong-Hak,Park, Jae-Eul The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2003 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.19 No.1

Soft rot symptom was observed on lily bulb in the fields and at a low temperature storage house from 1999 to 2000 in Korea. The small dark-brown lesion appeared on the bulb, and enlarged and developed into the inner scales of the bulb. The bulb became water soaked and gave out unpleasant odor. Two different pathogenic bacteria were isolated from infected tissues. The causal bacteria were identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) and Pseudomonas marginalis based on bacteriological characteristics. Pathogenicity of the bacteria was proven by Koch's postulations. This is the first report of bacterial soft rot of lily bulb in Korea caused by the two bacteria.

Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Associated Factors in Korean Adults: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021

Soo Jung Rim(Soo Jung Rim),Bong-Jin Hahm(Bong-Jin Hahm),Su Jeong Seong(Su Jeong Seong),Jee Eun Park(Jee Eun Park),Sung Man Chang(Sung Man Chang),Byung-Soo Kim(Byung-Soo Kim),Hyonggin An(Hyonggin An),H 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3

Objective Mental health is a global concern and needs to be studied more closely. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders and their associated factors among the general population in Korea. Methods The National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 was conducted between June 19 and August 31, 2021 and included 13,530 households; 5,511 participants completed the interview (response rate: 40.7%). The lifetime and 12-month diagnosis rates of mental disorders were made using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. Factors associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), nicotine use disorder, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder were analyzed, and mental health service utilization rates were estimated. Results The lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 27.8%. The 12-month prevalence rates of alcohol use, nicotine use, depressive, and anxiety disorders were 2.6%, 2.7%, 1.7%, and 3.1%, respectively. The risk factors associated with 12-month diagnosis rates were as follows: AUD: sex and age; nicotine use disorder: sex; depressive disorder: marital status and job status; anxiety disorder: sex, marital status, and job status. The 12-month treatment and service utilization rates for 12-month AUD, nicotine use disorder, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder were 2.6%, 1.1%, 28.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion Approximately 25% of adults in the general population were diagnosed with mental disorders during their lifetime. The treatment rates were substantially low. Future studies on this topic and efforts to increase the mental health treatment rate at a national level are needed.

추간판 탈출증 환자에서 길잡이철사가 삽입된 경막외카테터를 이용한 미추경막외조영술

고상욱 ( Sang Wook Ko ),이석진 ( Seok Jin Lee ),황희윤 ( Hee Youn Hwang ),심우석 ( Woo Seok Sim ),최수주 ( Soo Joo Choi ),김지애 ( Jie Ae Kim ),김정수 ( Chung Su Kim ),함태수 ( Tae Soo Hahm ),김갑수 ( Gaab Soo Kim ),조현성 ( Hyun 대한통증학회 2006 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.19 No.2

생체 부분 간이식을 위한 공여자의 마취 관리 및 술 후 이환율에 대한 분석

최수주 ( Soo Joo Choi ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),곽미숙 ( Mi Sook Gwak ),양미경 ( Mi Kyung Yang ),함태수 ( Tae Soo Hahm ),김갑수 ( Gaab Soo Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2003 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.44 No.1

임상연구 : 마취 중 H1-수용체 길항제 투여에 의한 혈역학적 변화에 대한 고찰

함태수 ( Tae Soo Hahm ),김정수 ( Chung Soo Kim ),구명신 ( Myong Shin Koo ),신병섭 ( Byung Seop Shin ),황희윤 ( Hee Youn Hwang ),이상민 ( Sang Min Lee ),조현성 ( Hyun Sung Cho ) 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.51 No.4

Background: Antihistamine agents are one of the most common drugs used during perioperative periods. As histamine can cause various hemodynamic reactions, administration of antihistamine can also result in unexpected responses. Therefore, we investigated what kind of hemodynamic changes might occur after the administration of antihistamine. Methods: We prospectively performed this study on 12 patients who underwent lung surgery. After induction of anesthesia, Swan-Ganz catheter was introduced and continuous arterial blood pressure was checked via radial arterial catheterization. Initial hemodynamic parameters were checked. Based on these parameters, we calculated systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). After administration of chlorpheniramine maleate 8 mg, hemodynamic parameters were checked and calculated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 minute. Then, we made comparisons of these values with initial values. It is commonly recommended to maintain hemodynamic values within 20% of baseline for safe use of a drug. Results: SVR and PVR failed to show statistically significant changes. Heart rates were increased only at 2 minute after administration of chlorpheniramine maleate. Blood pressures were increased but returned to basal level within 4 minutes. Cardiac output showed statistically significant increase until 8 minutes. However, the changes of hemodynamic values were maintained within 20% of basal levels. Conclusions: Chlorpheniramine maleate is observed to cause statistically significant hemodynamic change after intravenous administration during anesthesia. But the changes were within 20% of basal levels, and we can safely use chlorpheniramine maleate 8 mg IV in the view of hemodynamic changes. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 51: 395~9)