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( Won Sohn ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Kang Nyeong Lee ),( Hang Lak Lee ),( Tae Yeob Kim ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ),( Oh Young Lee ),( Byung Chul Yoon ),( Ho Soon Choi ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Recently, gut microbiota has been received attention in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The protective effects of Lactobacillus paracasei on NAFLD and possible mechanism were investigated. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into 4 groups for 12 weeks: control, NASH model (high fat+10% fructose diet), Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum groups. Hepatic fat deposition, inflammation, serum ALT, AST, and bilirubin were tested. Kupffer cell polarization was evaluated by flow cytometry using M1 and M2 marker. Intestinal permeability was measured by urinary Cr-EDTA amount. Results: Mean body weight of L. paracasei and L. plantarum group were lower than NASH model (38 g vs. 43g, p<0.05). Compared with NASH model mice, serum ALT and AST were significantly decreased in both L. paracasei group and L. plantarum group (ALT: 135.5 U/L vs. 92.9 and 53.7U/L, p<0.05). Intestinal permeability was decreased in both L. paracasei and L. planatrum group compared to NASH model (p<0.05).While hepatic fat deposition and lobular inflammation was significantly decreased in both L. paracasei and L. plantarum groups. Kupffer cell infiltration was significantly low in only L. paracasei group (p<0.05). M2 macrophage population increased in L. paracasei compared to NASH group (62.1% vs 50.2%, p<0.05). But Kupffer cell polarization of L. plantarum group did not showed differences compare to NASH group. Conclusions: Probiotics attenuate hepatic fat deposition and decrease ALT and AST levels in NASH model. L. paracasei, but not L. plantarum prevented steatohepatitis via modulation of Kupffer cell polarization.
Sohn, William S.,Lee, Tae Young,Yoo, Kwangsun,Kim, Minah,Yun, Je-Yeon,Hur, Ji-Won,Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan,Seo, Sang Won,Na, Duk L.,Jeong, Yong,Kwon, Jun Soo Frontiers Media S.A. 2017 Frontiers in neuroscience Vol.11 No.-
<P>Brain function is often characterized by the connections and interactions between highly interconnected brain regions. Pathological disruptions in these networks often result in brain dysfunction, which manifests as brain disease. Typical analysis investigates disruptions in network connectivity based correlations between large brain regions. To obtain a more detailed description of disruptions in network connectivity, we propose a new method where functional nodes are identified in each region based on their maximum connectivity to another brain region in a given network. Since this method provides a unique approach to identifying functionally relevant nodes in a given network, we can provide a more detailed map of brain connectivity and determine new measures of network connectivity. We applied this method to resting state fMRI of Alzheimer's disease patients to validate our method and found decreased connectivity within the default mode network. In addition, new measure of network connectivity revealed a more detailed description of how the network connections deteriorate with disease progression. This suggests that analysis using key relative network hub regions based on regional correlation can be used to detect detailed changes in resting state network connectivity.</P>
( Tae Yeob Kim ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Dong Joon Kim ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Carvedilol, a potent non-cardioselective beta blocker with vasodilating properties due to alpha-1 blockade, is more effective in reducing portal pressure than propranolol in randomized controlled hemodynamic studies. Recently, longterm low dose of carvedilol may be suggested an option for primary prophylaxis in patients with high-risk esophageal varices. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term effect of carvediolol versus propranolol on reduction in portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: We conducted this ongoing prospective randomized multicenter study (target sample size: 130 patients) between July 2011 and February 2013 and analyzed clinical and hemodynamic measurement data of 99 cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension (HVPG > 12 mmHg). During that period, these patients were randomized to either carvedilol (mean dose 11.6±2.2 mg/day in 50 patients) or propranolol group (mean dose 153.5±100.2 mg/day in 49 patients). After randomization, 8 patients and 11 patients were dropped out in carvedilol and propranolol group, respectively. The responders were defined to achieve a fall in HVPG to < 12 mmHg or a 20% reduction from baseline values 6weeks after treatment. Results: There were no significant differences between carvedilol and propranolol group in age, sex, etiology, Child-Turcott- Pugh score, MELD score, severity of HVPG, presence of ascites and baseline serum parameters. In per-protocol analysis, the rate of responder of patients with receiving carvedilol was 54.8% (23/42) as compared with 45.2% (16/38) of those with receiving propranolol (P=0.258). In intent-to-treat analysis, the rate of responder between carvedilol and propranolol group were 46.0% and 32.7%, respectively (P=0.174). The mean decrease of HVPG was 15.6±18.1% and 8.1±30.1%, respectively (P=0.188). Finally, there was no significant difference in adverse events between two groups. Conclusions: In this interim analysis, low dose of carvedilol showed similar effi cacy in reducing portal pressure compared to propranolol in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension.
A Two Layered Approach for Animation Sketching
Sohn, Ei-Sung,Jeon, Jae-Woong,Park, Tae-Jin,Sohn, Won-Sung,Lim, Soon-Bum,Choy, Yoon-Chul Korea Multimedia Society 2009 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.12 No.12
In this paper, we present an animation sketching system using a two layered approach. Animation sketching is a popular technique to create informal animations but it is often suffered by the low-quality output due to a trade-off between convenience and complexity. Our aim is to support sketching practical animation scenes easily and fast while not complicating the simple sketching interface. The key idea is to combine two conceptual stop motion layers, a whiteboard and cutout animation layer, in a seamless interface. As a background, the whiteboard animation layer handles stroke-oriented objects, while the cutout animation layer takes charge of transform-oriented objects. We found that this approach enables users to express more complicated animation fast while still maintaining a concise sketching interface. We demonstrate the usability and flexibility through resulting animations from user experiments.
( Tae Wan Kim ),( Hong Joo Kim ),( Chang Uk Chon ),( Hyun Sun Won ),( Jung Ho Park ),( Dong Il Park ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Chong Il Sohn ),( Woo Kyu Jeon ),( Byung Ik Kim ) 대한간학회 2012 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims: Nonselective β-blockers (NSBBs), such as propranolol, reportedly exert a pleiotropic eff ect in liver cirrhosis. A previous report suggested that survival was higher in patients receiving adjusted doses of NSBBs than in ligation patients. This study investigated whether low-dose NSBB medication has benefi cial eff ects in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially in terms of overall survival. Methods: We retrospectively studied 273 cirrhotic patients (199 males; age 53.6±10.2 years, mean±SD) who visited our institution between March 2003 and December 2007; follow-up data were collected until June 2011. Among them, 138 patients were given a low-dose NSBB (BB group: propranolol, 20-60 mg/day), and the remaining 135 patients were not given an NSBB (NBB group). Both groups were stratifi ed randomly according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classifi cation and age. Results: The causes of liver cirrhosis were alcohol (n=109, 39.9%), hepatitis B virus (n=125, 45.8%), hepatitis C virus (n=20, 7.3%), and cryptogenic (n=19, 7.0%). The CTP classes were distributed as follows: A, n=116, 42.5%; B, n=126, 46.2%; and C, n=31, 11.4%. Neither the overall survival ( P=0.133) nor the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-free survival ( P=0.910) diff ered signifi cantly between the BB and NBB groups [probability of overall survival at 4 years: 75.1% (95% CI=67.7-82.5%) and 81.2% (95% CI=74.4-88.0%), respectively; P=0.236]. In addition, the delta CTP score did not diff er signifi cantly between the two groups. Conclusions: Use of low-dose NSBB medication in patients with liver cirrhosis is not indicated in terms of overall and HCC-free survival. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2012;18:203-212)
( Won Seok Choi ),( Tae Wan Kim ),( Ja Hyun Kim ),( Sang Hyuk Lee ),( Woon Je Hur ),( Young Gil Choe ),( Jung Ho Park ),( Chong Il Sohn ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.4
Background/Aims Globus is a foreign body sense in the throat without dysphagia, odynophagia, esophageal motility disorders, or gastroesophageal reflux. The etiology is unclear. Previous studies suggested that increased upper esophageal sphincter pressure, gastroesophageal reflux and hypertonicity of esophageal body were possible etiologies. This study was to quantify the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure, contractile front velocity (CFV), proximal contractile integral (PCI), distal contractile integral (DCI) and transition zone (TZ) in patient with globus gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) without globus, and normal controls to suggest the correlation of specific high-resolution manometry (HRM) findings and globus. Methods Fifty-seven globus patients, 24 GERD patients and 7 normal controls were studied with HRM since 2009. We reviewed the reports, and selected 5 swallowing plots suitable for analysis in each report, analyzed each individual plot with ManoView. The 5 parameters from each plot in 57 globus patients were compared with that of 24 GERD patients and 7 normal controls. Results There was no significant difference in the UES pressure, CFV, PCI and DCI. TZ (using 30 mmHg isobaric contour) in globus showed significant difference compared with normal controls and GERD patients. The median values of TZ were 4.26 cm (interquartile range [IQR], 2.30-5.85) in globus patients, 5.91 cm (IQR, 3.97-7.62) in GERD patients and 2.26 cm (IQR, 1.22-2.92) in normal controls (P = 0.001). Conclusions HRM analysis suggested that UES pressure, CFV, PCI and DCI were not associated with globus. Instead increased length of TZ may be correlated with globus. Further study comparing HRM results in globus patients within larger population needs to confirm their correlation. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013;19:473-478)