Study of minerals and selected environmentally sensitive elements in Kapurdi lignites of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, western India: implications to environment

Pramod K. Rajak,Vijay K. Singh,Asha L. Singh,Narendra Kumar,Om P. Kumar,Vishvajeet Singh,Aniruddha Kumar,Rai Ankita,Shweta Rai,Amiya S. Naik,Prakash K. Singh 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.4

The present study is an attempt to know the temporal and spatial distribution of geochemical components in the lignite deposit of Kapurdi, Barmer Basin (Rajasthan). Lignite samples have been subjected to proximate, ultimate and elemental analyses, and determination of mineral carbon (MINC%). Besides, various minerals and functional groups have been analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Selected environmentally sensitive and potential hazardous elements like Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Al, Fe and Co are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). To know the association of minerals with organic matter, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) has also been carried out. The concentration of Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, Na, and K is high when compared with world average and is main concern for the environmental and health hazards. The elements like Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Pb have shown increasing trend from top to bottom of the lignite seam with some fluctuations in the values in few bands whereas others do not follow a definite trend of variation along the seam profile.

Performance evaluation of safety-critical systems of nuclear power plant systems

Kumar, Pramod,Singh, Lalit Kumar,Kumar, Chiranjeev Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.3

The complexity of safety critical systems of Nuclear Power Plant continues to increase rapidly due its transition from analog to digital systems. It has thus become progressively more imperative to model these systems prior to their implementation in order to meet the high performance, safety and reliability requirements. Timed Petri Nets (TPNs) have been widely used to model such systems for non-functional analysis. The paper presents a novel methodology for the analysis of the performance metrics using PN modeling. The paper uses the isomorphism property of the TPNs and the Markov chains for the performance analysis of the safety critical systems. The presented methodology has been validated on a Shutdown System of a Nuclear Power Plant.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Secondary Metabolites of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

( Pramod Kumar Singh ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of secondary metabolites of chickpea on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats. Methods: Twenty four chickpea genotypes were collected from College of Agriculture, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh. Seed coat were removed and crushed into fine powder. Phytochemicals were isolated using soxhlet apparatus with various solvents. Extract was investigated to find active constituents of the seed extracts by the different phytochemical tests. Among all cultivars tested JAKI 9218 variety showed highest concentration of phytochemical such as flavonoids, phenolics and tannins. The hepatoprotective activity of the crude extract of JAKI 9218 was assessed in paracetamol induced hepatotoxic in rats. Alteration in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic damage like ALT, AST, ALP, total protein and total bilirubin were tested in both paracetamol treated and untreated groups. Results: Paracetamol (3 g/kg) prepared in 40% sucrose solution has enhanced the ALT, AST, ALP, total protein and total bilirubin in liver. Treatment of crude extract of Cicer arietinum L. (200 mg/kg) of seven days have brought back the altered levels of biochemical markers to the near normal levels in the dose dependent manner which is compared with standard silymarin (100 mg/kg). Conclusions: The result concludes that Cicer arietinum L. possesses the hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Exstrophy of the Bladder

Pramod Kumar Sharma,Praveen Kumar Pandey,Mukesh Kumar Vijay,Malay Kumar Bera,Jitendra Pratap Singh,Kaushik Saha 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.8

Exstrophy of the bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of about 1 per 50,000 newborns. The malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known; 95% are adenocarcinomas, and 3% to 5% are squamous cell carcinomas. Most of the malignant tumors (60%) associated with an exstrophy of the bladder occur during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Of the remaining, about 20% each occur after 60 years and before 40 years. Here we present a case in which squamous cell carcinoma developed in an unrepaired exstrophy of the bladder. We present the management of the case and a brief review of the literature.

Photoluminescence investigation on ultraviolet–emitting Ce³⁺, Mg²⁺-ions-doped/co-doped CaAl₁₂O₁₉ phosphors

Singh, Vijay,Singh, N.,Dubey, Vikas,Singh, Pramod K.,Shinde, K.N.,Ravi Kanth Kumar, V.V. Elsevier 2018 OPTIK -STUTTGART- Vol.158 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ce<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped CaAl<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>19</SUB> phosphors with different Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> contents, as well as those with Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> codoped powders, were successfully synthesized using a rapid combustion method (<5 min) for this paper. The powders were well characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The emission measurements upon a UV-light excitation (262 nm) showed the emission characteristics of the Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> ion that are due to the 5d–4 f transitions. The emission and excitation spectra were recorded as the Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration was kept constant and the Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration was varied. It became evident that the addition of the Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> along with the Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> resulted in increases of the PL intensity, and the reasons for this behavior are discussed.</P>

Splenectomy with endotherapy in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis related portal hypertension: Can it be an alternative to proximal spleno-renal shunt?

Sundeep Singh Saluja,Ajay Kumar,Hari Govind,Vaibhav Kumar Varshney,Rahul Khullar,Pramod Kumar Mishra 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.2

Backgrounds/Aims: Proximal splenorenal shunt (PSRS) is usually done in symptomatic non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF). The outcomes of splenectomy with endotherapy in non-bleeder NCPF patients has not been well studied. We here by aimed to study the post-surgical outcomes on short and long-term basis between PSRS and splenectomy among non-bleeder NCPF patients. Methods: The consecutive non-bleeder NCPF patients whom underwent either splenectomy or PSRS from 2008 to 2016 were enrolled. The patients were followed up post-surgery clinically and biochemical investigations, Doppler ultrasound and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were done as required. The peri-operative parameters compared were operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and morbidity. The long-term outcome measures compared were incidence of portal hypertension (PHTN) related bleed, change in grade of varices, shunt patency, shunt complications and thrombosis of spleno-portal axis. Results: Among 40 patients with non-bleeder status, 24 underwent splenectomy and 16 underwent PSRS. The baseline characteristics including indication of surgery, biochemical investigations and grade of varices were comparable between PSRS and splenectomy. The peri-operative morbidity was not significantly different between two groups. The median follow up duration was 42 months (12-72 months), the decrement in grade of varices was significantly higher in PSRS group (p=0.03), symptomatic PHTN related UGIB was non-significant between PSRS and splenectomy (p=0.5). In PSRS group, 3 (18.3%) patients had shunt thrombosis (n=1) & encephalopathy (n=2) while in splenectomy group two patients developed thrombosis of splenoportal axis. Conclusions: Splenectomy with endotherapy is alternative to PSRS in non-bleeder NCPF patients with indications for surgery.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of UV Detection Characteristics of Pd/ZnO Nanorod Schottky Diodes

Shaivalini Singh,Pramod Kumar Tiwari,Hemant Kumar,Yogesh Kumar,Gopal Rawat,Sanjay Kumar,Kunal Singh,Ekta Goel,S. Jit,박시현 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.11

In this work, we report theoretical and experimental study of Pd/ZnO nanorod (NR) Schottky diodes-based ultraviolet photodetector (UV-PD). The ZnO-NRs are deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by using a low-temperature hydrothermal method. The surface morphology of the ZnO-NRs film is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM image shows vertically grown NRs with uniformity, and XRD shows the preferred (002) orientation of ZnO-NR films. The current–voltage characteristics of Pd/ZnO-NR Schottky diodes are studied under dark and UV light. A voltage bias from -1V to +1V is applied and the ratio of photocurrent to dark current was ( ~0.17 x 10 2 at V = 0.5V) calculated from the I–V curve. The value of responsivity was found to be 0.111A/W at λ = 365 nm and at bias = 0.50 V. An approximated UV-PD structure has also been numerically simulated using three-dimensional (3D) device simulator from Visual TCAD of Cogenda International. The simulated I–V characteristics have also been plotted under both dark and light conditions. The simulated results are found to be following the nature of experimental results.

Performance Investigation of Bottom Gate ZnO Based TFT for High-Speed Digital Display Circuit Applications

Binay Binod Kumar,Shubham Kumar,Pramod Kumar Tiwari,Aniruddh Bahadur Yadav,Sarvesh Dubey,Kunal Singh 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.25 No.3

This paper explores possibility of device as well as circuit performance enhancement in the bottom gate ZnO based TFT via Mg and Cd material doping. DC, Analog & RF performance, Energy effi ciency and Noise analysis were erformed for both doped (i.e., MgyZn1−yO and CdxZn1−xO ) and undoped ZnO channel TFT structures. Further, successful ircuit implementation of these devices was done in resistive inverter and AMLCD pixel display circuits. Performance wise both MgyZn1−yO and CdxZn1−xO channel TFTs were found to be superior against its undoped variant. ~ 376%, ~ 105% nd ~ 162% are the percentage improvement in (ION∕IOFF) ratio, fi eld eff ect mobility (μFE) and eff ective mobility μeff) for CdxZn1−xO based TFT with respect to ZnO based TFT, same parameters show ~ 194%, ~ 103% and ~ 133% ercentage improvement for the case of MgyZn1−yO TFT. Also, ~ 23% is percentage decrease in subthreshold swing (SS) for CdxZn1−xO based TFT with respect to ZnO based, whereas ~ 11% is percentage decrement for MgyZn1−yO . Intrinsic gate delay, the percentage decrement is ~ 54.15 and ~ 59.95% for MgyZn1−yO and CdxZn1−xO respectively w.r.t ZnO. Both the CdxZn1−xO and MgyZn1−yO TFT shows unanimous decrease in delay for the resistive inverter as well as AMLCD pixel display circuits. The reported results shows that bottom gate CdxZn1−xO TFT has better performance for bove-mentioned performance parameters. The numerical simulations are performed on Silvaco ATLAS TCAD simulator.

Impact of lymph node staging systems in predicting outcome in patients with ampullary cancer

Sundeep Singh Saluja,Pramod Kumar Mishra,Shashi Kiran,Harsh J. Shah,Sandip Chandrasekar,Mohammed Nayeem,Aditya Sharma,Vaibhav Kumar Varshney 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.4

Backgrounds/Aims: Lymph node (LN) metastasis though, is a poor prognostic factor for ampullary carcinoma (APC), the impact of Lymph node ratio (LNR) and Logarithm odds of positive lymph node (LODDS) in the long-term survival remains controversial. We evaluated the factors affecting the long-term outcome in APC patients with emphasis on LNR and LODDS. Methods: The prospectively collected data of 198 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for APC was analyzed after excluding 12 patients for various reasons. Factors affecting Disease specific survival (DSS) and Recurrence free survival (RFS) were analyzed with special reference to LN positivity, LNR and LODDS. Results: Out of 186, 117 (62.9%) patients were alive at a median follow-up of 39.5 months and 72 (38.7%) developed recurrence. The overall 5-year DSS was 59.3% & RFS 54.9%. Univariate analysis showed T-stage, tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, LN positivity, LNR and LODDS was significantly affected DSS and RFS. On multivariate analysis, perineural invasion, LN positivity, LNR and LODDS lost its significance for DSS and RFS. AUC for prediction of DSS and RFS for LNR was 0.654 (p<0.001) & 0.629 (p=0.003) respectively and for LODDS, it was 0.697 (p<0.001) & 0.677 (p=0.001) respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of LNR (0.1) for DSS were 37.7% & 83.8% and for RFS were 36.1% & 83.3%; for LODDS (−1.00), sensitivity and specificity for DSS was 62.3% and 67.5% and for RFS it was 59.7% and 66.7% respectively. Conclusions: LNR and LODDS although independently seem to affect the RFS and DSS, albeit have a low sensitivity and specificity in predicting DSS and RFS.

Graphene-based nanomaterial system: a boon in the era of smart nanocarriers

Jha Roopali,Singh Amit,Sharma Pramod Kumar,Porwal Omji,Fuloria Neeraj Kumar 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.3

Background Owing to its exceptional electronic, mechanical, thermal, as well as optoelectronic characteristics, graphene—a planar sheet with one-atom thickness and made of carbon atoms closely packed in quite a honeycomb crystal lattice—has already earned special consideration. The investigated characteristics or even applications of such a two-dimensional configuration of the structure of carbon have already created novel innovative opportunities in place of all of the future devices as well as nanosystems. Area covered These graphene systems have also been recognized as a potential drug-delivery carrier intended for target specific or even controlled drug delivery, which could be designed by utilizing various internal or external stimuli. Expert opinion This review predominantly focuses on graphene’s synthesis and derivative, design of stimuli-responsive nanosystems, and applications in various fields. It is highlighted that with remarkable progress in graphene-related research, graphene’s overall execution has a long road ahead to go.