Involvement of inflammation in Alzheimen`s disease pathogenesis and therapeutie potential of anti-inflammatory agents

( Sina Shadfar ),( Chul Ju Hwang ),( Mi Sun Lim ),( Dong Young Choi ),( Jin Tae Hong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-

Alzheimer``s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by beta-amyloid (A~) peptide fibrils, which are extracellular depositions of a specific protein, and is accompanied by extensive neu-roinflammation. Various studies have demonstrated risk factors that can affect AD pathogenesis, and they include accumulation of Aβ, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and neuroinflammation. Among these detrimental factors, neuroinflammation has been highlighted by epidemiologic studies suggesting that use of anti-inflammatory drugs could significantly reduce the incidence of AD. Evidence suggests that astrocytes, microglia, and infiltrating immune cells from periphery might contribute to or modify the process of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD brains. In addition, recent data indicate that micro-RNAs may affect neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. This article focuses on supportive evidence that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in AD development. In addition, we depict putative therapeutic capacity of anti-inflammatory drugs for AD prevention or treatment. We also discuss pathogenic mechanisms by which astrocytes, microglia, T cells and microRNA participate in AD and the neuroprotective mechanisms of anti-inflammatory drugs.

확률론적 지진재해도분석을 위한 9.12지진 및 포항지진의 지진활동계수 산정

한신애(SInae Han),유현재(Hyun Jae Yo),박제찬(Jechan Park),임성빈(Sung-Bin Lim) 대한지질학회 2022 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

A Novel Culture Technique for Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Porous Membranes

Kim, Sinae,Ahn, Seong Eun,Lee, Jae Ho,Lim, Do-Seon,Kim, Kwang-Soo,Chung, Hyung-Min,Lee, Soo-Hong Wiley (John WileySons) 2007 Stem Cells Vol.25 No.10

<P>We have developed a novel culture technique for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using a porous membrane with feeder cells. The feeder cells were seeded and attached to the bottom of a porous membrane and, subsequently, hESCs were cultured on the top of the membrane. This porous membrane technique (PMT) allowed hESCs to be successfully cultured and to be effectively and efficiently separated from the feeder cell layer without enzyme treatment. hESCs being cultured by PMT were observed to interact with feeder cells through pores of membrane, where the interaction was dependent on the pore size of the membrane used. It was also revealed that the number of attached hESC colonies depended on the concentration of feeder cells on the bottom of the membrane. On the other hand, hESC colonies did not attach to porous membrane, as feeder cells were in the presence of culture dish, not the porous membrane. The hESCs cultured on porous membranes not only exhibited expression of several undifferentiated markers and a normal karyotype, but they also formed teratomas consisting of three germ layers in in vivo study. Compared with the mechanical isolation technique conventionally used, PMT significantly decreased mouse vimentin gene expression in cultured hESCs. Thus, a PMT for hESC culture would be a useful tool to exclude enzyme treatment and to reduce contamination from feeder cells simultaneously. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.</P>

Expression of Sex-Related Genes in the Fetus of Mouse: 2-Bromopropane and Sex Differentiation

Park Donchan,Sinae Lim,Kim Gyi,Kim Dae-Yong,Lee Young-Soon 한국발생생물학회 2001 발생과 생식 Vol.5 No.2

환경호르몬(내분비계 장애물질)이 하등동물의 생식기 및 생식 기능 이상을 초래한다는 최근보고는 포유동물도 그 영향하에 있음을 암시한다. 따라서 2-bromopropane(2-BP)이 생쥐 차산자의 성별에 미치는 영향과 성 분화 과정 중에 발현되는 유전자를 조사하였다. 생쥐를 2-BP로 3주일 동안 주입한 암수를 4종류 조합으로 교배시 킨 후 태어난 새끼들의 성별을 이유시기에 결정하였다. 성관련 유전자들은 수태 후 10일에 어미 생쥐를 희생시켜 RT-PCR The recent reports that endocrine disruptors(EDs) bring about abnormalities in reproductive organs and functions of invertebrates suggest that mammals be affected by the EDs. The present study examined the influence of 2-bromopropane(2-BP) by looking at the sexes of litters in mouse. The expression of sex-related genes during sex differentiation was also investigated in the fetus of mouse. The male and female mice were infused with 2-BP for 3 weeks before mating. The litters were sexed at the weaning time from the 4 different groups. The sex-related genes were identified by RT-PCR from the fetuses at gestation 10 days. The sequences of the genes were analysed by comparing to those of other animals. The mean numbers of litters survived by the weaning time were slightly reduced in the only group of both female and male mice treated with 2-BP. The female litters were greater than male litters in the only group of female treated with 2-BP. The other groups showed male litters greater than female litters. The sex-related genes, SRY, DAX1, SF1 , and AMH genes were identified and sequenced, showing 416, 466, 326, 389 base pairs, respectively. All of the genes had the homology of 89~90% with rat and 81~92% with human within the range of bases identified. They were expressed at the time of sex determination. Therefore, it appears that 2-BP somewhat affects the reproductive activity of adult mouse. Influence of 2-BP on the reproductive function is expected to be studied through the expression of the sex-related genes.

A Versatile Performance Star Tracker using CMOS for attitude detection on the Next Generation Microsatellites

Jinseong Lee,Cheol Lee,Sinae Ji,Juhee Lim,Jangsoo Chae 항공우주시스템공학회 2013 항공우주시스템공학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2013 No.10

Medical Practices and Attitudes of Dual-Licensed Medical Doctors in Korea

Ryu, Jiseon,Choi, Byunghee,Lim, Byungmook,Kim, Sina,Yun, Youngju Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Unique dual medical system in Korea has resulted in the emergence of dual-licensed medical doctors (DLMDs) who have both traditional Korean medicine (KM) and Western medicine (WM) licenses. There have been few studies on DLMDs in spite of their growing number and importance within the medical system. We surveyed the current status and attitudes of DLMD to assess their role in integrative medicine. Questionnaires were administered to the members of the association of DLMD. Data from 103 DLMD were collected and statistically analyzed. 41.4% of DLMD were copracticing both WM and KM at a single clinic, preferring the WM approach for physical examinations, laboratory tests, and education for patients—and the KM approach for treatment and prescription. Musculoskeletal, gastroenterologic, and allergic diseases were considered to be effectively treated with co-practice. DLMD highly agreed on the efficiency of copractice for disease control and patients' satisfaction. On the other hand, they regarded the lack of health insurance coverage for copractice and increased medical expenditure as major problems in providing co-practice. To expand the role of DLMD as mediators of integration in primary health care, the effectiveness of their co-practice should be evaluated and a corresponding health insurance reimbursement system should be established.</P>

골든 햄스터의 생식내분비계에 미치는 멜라토닌의 영향

최돈찬,우대균,임시내 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.3

광주기(하루 중 빛의 길이)는 골든 햄스터의 생식을 조절하는 주된 요인이다. 광주기 정보는 멜라토닌을 통하여 생식 내분비계로 전달된다. 따라서 멜라토닌이 생식에 미치는 효과를 여러 광주기에 노출시킨 햄스터에서 조사하였다. 단주기(하루 중 12시간 이하의 조명)에 노출시킨 동물들과 저녁에 멜라토닌을 주사한 동물들의 정소 무게는 현저하게 줄어들었으나, 장주기 (하루 중 12.5시간 이상의 조명)에 유지된 동물과 오전에 멜라토닌을 투여한 동물들의 정소 무게는 줄어들지 않았다. 퇴화된 정소를 조직학적으로 조사한 결과, 세정관 직경이 감소되었고,세정관내 세포수가 두드러지게 줄어들었다. 또한 생식 능력이 퇴화된 동물의 혈중 여포자극호르몬과 황체호르몬의 수준도 생식 능력을 보유하고 있는 동물에 비해 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. 멜라토닌 수용체가 역전사 polymerase chain reaction으로 등정되었고 조직특이성 또한 조사하였다 동정된 멜라토닌 수용체는 309 염기였으며,시상하부와 뇌하수체를 포함하는 다양한 장기에서 발현되었다. 생식을 조절하는 핵심 물질인 gona-dotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) 유전자의 발현 또한 동정되었다. 그러나 멜라토닌 처리와 광주기 처리는 GnRH유전자 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 종합하면, 광주기의 효과는 멜리토닌을 경유하여 발휘되며,멜라토닌은 GnRH유전자의 발현보다는,생성된 GnRH의 분비에 영향을 미쳐 생식내분비계에 간접적으로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. Photoperiod (length of light per day) is a major factor in regulating reproductive function in golden hamsters. The information of photoperiod is transmitted to the reproductive endocrine system by melatonin. Thus the effects of melatonin are investigated in male golden hamsters exposed to photoperiods. Paired testicular weights were markedly reduced in the animals housed in short photoperiod (SP, ??12hours day^-1) and injected with melatonin in the evening, but not in long photoperiod(LP, ??12.5 hours day^-1) and injected with melatonin in the morning. The histological examination of regressed testes showed reduction of tubular lumen diameter including the numbers of cells and Leydig cell number. The mean values of both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also lowered in the sexually inactive animals than in the sexually active animals. Melatonin receptor was identified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and its expression was examined in various tissues to scrutinize the action site of melatonin. It turned out 309 nucleotides and was definitely expressed in hypothalamus and pituitary including spleen, retina, and epididymis. And gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene, which is a key element in regulating reproduction, was identified by RT-PCR but the expression of GnRH was not modified by the treatment of melatonin. Taken together, photoperiod via melatonin indirectly affects reproductive endocrine system, possibly through the release of GnRH, not the synthesis of GnRH.

A Study for the Expression of Melatonin Receptor Gene and Reproductive Indices in Golden Hamsters Exposed to Photoperiods

Park Donchan,Park Hyungjae,Sinae Lim,Park Changeun 한국발생생물학회 2002 발생과 생식 Vol.6 No.1

골든 햄스터의 생식활동은 광주기에 의해 조절된다. 그들의 생식능력은 여름에 왕성하고 겨울에는 퇴화한다. 송과선에서 분비되는 멜라토닌은 계절적 번식동물에서 생식활동을 중재한다. 멜라토닌 수용체가 최근에 사람을 포함하는 몇몇 동물에서 확인되었지만 골든 햄스터의 생식능력과 관련하여 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 역전사 PCR 방법을 사용하여 멜라토닌 수용체의 일부 유전자를 동정하였다(309 염기). 멜라토닌 수용체의 핵산 서열과 추론된 아미노산 서열을 보고된 다른 Reproductive activity of golden hamsters(Mesocricetus auratus) is regulated by the photoperiod. They are sexually active in summer and inactive in winter. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has been known to mediate sexual activities in seasonal breeding animals. Melatonin receptor was recently identified in several animal species including hmm. But little has been known about it in relation to the reproductive activities of golden hamsters. By using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) methods, a portion of the melatonin receptor gene(309 nucleotides) was identified in golden hamsters. The nucleotide sequence of the melatonin receptor and the amino acid sequence deduced were compared to those reported in other animals. Melatonin receptors were obviously detected in hypothalamus, pituitary containing pars tuberalis, blood, and spleen. Although the testicular weights and the levels of reproductive hormones were dramatically affected by photoperiods, the expression of melatonin receptor was not markedly changed by them. These results suggest that the action of melatonin in regulating reproduction might be mainly due to the affinity of melatonin receptor rather than the density fi melatonin receptor.

Combinational effect of adenovirus-mediated p16 gene transfer and trichostatin A in Balb/c nude mouse

Kang Hoil,Song Chiwon,Eom Miok,Kim Juri,Lim Sinae,Kim Okhee,Park Misun 대한약학회 2004 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2004 No.1