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Shuwen Shi 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2019 法學論文集 Vol.43 No.1
With the development of modern science and technology, a few developed countries have established electronic systems and equipments for various legal proceedings and implemented electronic litigations by making use of information and communication technology. Given the high rate of Internet penetration, China is also positively urging the electronic litigation and some jurisdictions have started to apply electronic litigation in their court trials. The practice of electronic litigation in China can be categorized into the “stage-based” model and the “whole-process” model. Under the “stage-based” model, electronic technology may be applied in one or more of the stages in a proceeding such as filing of claim, court trial, submission of evidence and cross-examination, service of court files and enforcement of judgement. The application of electronic technology in various stages of a proceeding has greatly enhanced judicial efficiency. On the other hand, Jilin Electronic Court, Hangzhou Internet Court, Beijing Internet Court and Guangzhou Internet court are representative cases of the “whole-process” model of electronic litigation. This article introduces recent development in electronic litigation in China, differences between “stage-based” model and “whole-process” model, procedures, case types with jurisdictions and characteristics of four established Internet courts, and further analyses the challenges as well as suggestions for improvement on the electronic litigation in China. 현대 사회과학 기술의 발전의 흐름에 따라 주요 선진국들은 정보통신기술을 활용하여 각종 소송절차의 전자화 제도 및 장비를 구축하였고 전자소송을 실행하였다. 중국에서도 인터넷 보급의 영향을 받아 전자소송을 적극적으로 추진하고 있고 일부 지역의 법원에서 전자소송을 시도하는 것을 시작하였다. 중국의 전자소송 실무는 단계적 모델과 전과정적모델로 나누어 있을 수 있다. 중국 단계적 모델에서 입안, 재판, 증거 제출 및 대질, 송달 및 집행 등 여러 단계에서 전자기술을 사용하고 사법의 효율성을 대폭적으로 제고하였다. 전과정적으로 전자소송을 하는 대표적인 법원은 길림성전자법원, 항주인터넷법원, 북경인터넷법원과 광주인터넷법원이다. 필자는 본고에서 중국의 전자소송의 최근 발전 동향, 단계적 모델과 전과정적 모델의 차이점, 이미 전과정적 전자소송을 실행한 길림성전자법원, 항주/북경/광주인터넷법원의 전자소송 절차, 사건 적용범위, 발전 특징 및 현황 등에 대하여 상세히 소개하고 현재 중국 전자소송에 있어서의 문제점과 개선방안에 대하여 검토하도록 한다.
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사서문(Shi Shuwen) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2019 法學論文集 Vol.43 No.1
With the development of modern science and technology, a few developed countries have established electronic systems and equipments for various legal proceedings and implemented electronic litigations by making use of information and communication technology. Given the high rate of Internet penetration, China is also positively urging the electronic litigation and some jurisdictions have started to apply electronic litigation in their court trials. The practice of electronic litigation in China can be categorized into the “stage-based” model and the “whole-process” model. The “stage-based” model means electronic technology may be applied in one or more of the stages in a proceeding such as filing of claim, court trial, submission of evidence and cross-examination, service of court files and enforcement of judgement. The application of electronic technology in various stages of a proceeding has greatly enhanced judicial efficiency. On the other hand, the “whole-process” model means the electronic technology is used through the whole process of a court proceeding. Jilin Electronic Court, Hangzhou Internet Court, Beijing Internet Court and Guangzhou Internet court are representative cases of the “whole-process” model of electronic litigation in China. During the past years since the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China, the trading amount between the two countries has risen substantially and two countries’ enterprises and private capital have formed a wide variety of partnerships in a great many areas. During the course of cooperation, it is inevitable that a large number of disputes arise due to differences in culture and business philosophy of the two countries. Therefore, I believe it will be helpful for Korean enterprises to understand and follow up on the most recent developments of litigation in China, which is the most common dispute resolution. Under such background, this article introduces recent development in electronic litigation in China, differences between “stage-based” model and “whole-process” model, procedures, case types with jurisdictions and characteristics of four established Internet courts, and further analyses the challenges as well as suggestions for improvement on the electronic litigation in China.
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Dongliang Yu,Kan Shi,Xiangyuan Wen,Fangshu Xie,Tao Wang,Shuwen Liu,Ling He 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.8
Studies of the genetic diversity and population structure of Oenococcus oeni (O. oeni) strains from China are lacking compared to other countries and regions. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used to investigate the genetic diversity and regional evolutionary patterns of 38 O. oeni strains isolated from different wine-making regions in China. The results indicated that AFLP was markedly more efficient than MLST for typing O. oeni strains. AFLP distinguished 37 DNA patterns compared to 7 sequence types identified using MLST, corresponding to discriminatory indices of 0.999 and 0.602, respectively. The AFLP results revealed a high level of genetic diversity among the O. oeni strains from different regions of China, since two subpopulations and an intraspecific homology higher than 60% were observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the O. oeni strains using the MLST method also identified two major phylogroups, which were differentiated into two distinct clonal complexes by minimum spanning tree analysis. Neither intragenic nor intergenic recombination verified the existence of the clonal population structure of the O. oeni strains.
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