Synthesis and characterization of Se doped polyaniline

Shumaila,G.B.V.S. Lakshmi,Masood Alam,Azher M. Siddiqui,M. Zulfequar,M. Husain 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.2

Present paper reports the synthesis and electrical, morphological, thermal, structural and optical characterization of polyaniline doped with Selenium. Polyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidation using ammonium peroxodisulphate as an oxidizing agent. This was doped with different concentrations of Selenium. DC conductivity measurements on the polymer have been carried out in the temperature range 300―450 K. The results show increase in the conductivity by three orders of magnitude after doping. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) has also been carried out for surface morphology studies. Thermal and structural properties are also studied by DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. DSC gives information about T_g and T_c. UV―Vis spectroscopy is used to study the optical properties. UV―Vis studies which reveal that the band gap decreases on increasing the concentration of dopant.

Intra-operative complications increase with successive number of cesarean sections: Myth or fact?

( Shumaila Zia ),( Muhammad Rafique ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.57 No.3

ObjectiveTo determine whether complications related to surgery increase with increasing number of cesarean sections (CSs) in upper segment placenta. To compare the complications in urgent and elective high order (4-6) repeat CSs. MethodsA retrospective analysis of 519 women who underwent repeat CS was performed from January to December 2012. Women were divided into 3 groups: group 1 with previous 3 CS (n=325), group 2 with previous 4 CS (n=139), and group 3 with previous ≥5 CS (n=55). ResultsStatistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed among 3 groups, regarding mean gravidity, type of CS, midline incision and bilateral tubal ligation performed. The risks of severe intra-peritoneal adhesions, thin out lower uterine segment and bladder injury were significantly increased (P < 0.001) with increasing number of CS deliveries. Only one cesarean hysterectomy was done in group 1 due to post partum hemorrhage. No significant differences were found in blood loss, duration of surgery, post operative hospital stay as well as birth weight and Apgar scores of newborns. The elective and emergency CS groups of high order repeat CS had no remarkable differences in operative, post operative complications and fetal outcome. ConclusionWomen with repeat CS are at increased risk of having multiple intra-operative surgical complications which increase with each subsequent CS. Pregnant women must be informed of the related risks which may affect counselling regarding possible tubal ligation.Women with repeat CS are at increased risk of having multiple intra-operative surgical complications which increase with each subsequent CS. Pregnant women must be informed of the related risks which may affect counselling regarding possible tubal ligation.

Sol–gel based phenolphthalein encapsulated heterogeneous silica–titania optochemical pH nanosensor

Shumaila Islam,Noriah Bidin,Saira Riaz,Shahzad Naseem 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.34 No.-

Thermally stable phenolphthalein encapsulated silica–titania nanomatrix is fabricated by sol–gelmethod for optochemical pH sensing. The particle size 56–121 nm is obtained with average surfaceroughness of 3.95 nm after the encapsulation of dye which is highly appropriate for optical and sensingapplications. High surface area value 218 m2/g, pore volume of 0.16 cm3/g and pore diameter of31.49 A˚ is obtained after encapsulation. Furthermore, the sensor response is optimized at pH 10. Fastresponse time 1–2 s, sensitivity with good reproducibility identify that the fabricated optochemicalnanosensor is challenging for the detection of pH at room temperature.

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid matrix with encapsulated organic sensing dyes for pH sensing application

Shumaila Islam,Rosly Rahman,ZULKAFLI OTHAMAN,Saira Riaz,Shahzad Naseem 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6

Films of multi-organic indicators, encapsulated in silica–titania hybrid matrix with CTAB, have beensynthesized using sol–gel dip coating method. Two types of stable,dense and uniform matrices wereannealed at a 150 ℃ within two time intervals 1 h and 2 h by using 0.1 M and 0.5 M indicatorconcentrations. Nanoparticles are uniformly distributed with size in the range from 15–28 nm. Matriceshave high surface area (418.18–441.30 m2/g), which has more capability to sense the broader pH range. Spectroscopic studies showed the establishment of heterogeneous chemical bonding which indicative ofstability of matrices with 69% porosity. The response of the sensor is optimum at pH 9.

Synthesis and characterization of multilayered sol–gel based plastic-clad fiber optic pH sensor

Shumaila Islam,Rosly Abdul Rahman,Zulkafli Bin Othaman,Saira Riaz,Shahzad Naseem 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-

The fabrication and characterization of an optical fiber pH sensor for the detection range 3–11 are described. The sensing element consists of a combination of indicators encapsulated in mesoporous surfactant based hybrid matrix, which are deposited onto an uncladed plastic optical fiber. Stable, dense and uniform sol–gel cladding with more than 90% transparency in the visible range are observed. Roughness value 9.7–6.57 nm is obtained by AFM. Film thickness, refractive index, and porosity are found to vary with number of coatings, 70% porosity is determined with 116 nm thickness. The response of the sensor with third layer is observed in acid and basic medium.

Open Access : Evaluating the role of vaccine to combat peste des petits ruminants outbreaks in endemic disease situation

( Muhammad Abubakar ),( Shumaila Manzoor ),( Qurban Ali ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.2

Among the main intimidation to the sheep and goat population, PPR outbreaks are causing huge losses especially in endemic areas. During recent times, six outbreaks of PPR were confirmed at semi-organized goat farms/herds in various regions of Punjab province and Islamabad capital territory (ICT), Pakistan. The disease started after introduction of new animals at these farms with no history of previous PPR vaccination. The clinical signs appeared affecting respiratory and enteric systems and spread quickly. Disease caused mortality of 10-20% and morbidity of 20-40% within a time period of four weeks. Morbidity and mortality rates were 30.38% (86/283) and 15.55% (44/283), respectively. Three treatment regimes were executed to demonstrate the role of vaccination during outbreak at these farms. First was to use only the broad spectrum antibiotics (Penicillin & Streptomycin and/ or Trimethoprim and Sulfadiazine) at two farms (Texilla and Attock). Second treatment regime was to use the same broad spectrum antibiotic along with extensive fluid therapy (Farms at ICT-1 and ICT-2). The third regime was to use of broad spectrum antibiotic plus fluid therapy along with vaccinating the herd against PPR during first week of outbreak (ICT-3 and ICT-4). The third scheme of treatment gave the better results as there was no mortality in third week post-outbreak. Therefore, it is suggested to give proper importance to PPR vaccination along with conventional symptomatic treatment when dealing the PPR outbreaks in endemic disease conditions.

Identification, characterization and diversification of nonautonomous hAT transposons and unknown insertions in Brassica

Faisal Nouroz,Shumaila Noreen,J. S. Heslop-Harrison 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.11

Transposons, the mobile genetics elements played an important role in genome evolution and duplication. Several DNA transposons superfamilies are described in plants and animal genomes; CACTA, hAT, Mariner Mutator and Harbinger being the most diverse among plants. The hAT transposons are proliferating in many plant and animal species. The dot plot comparison, computational and molecular approaches were used for the characterization and diversification of non-autonomous hAT families in Brassica and 494 and 30 full length elements were collected with estimated copies of *5052 and *4110 from whole Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea genomes respectively. The analysis of terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of these hAT sequences classified them into 13 families on the basis of TIRs sequence similarities. The WebLogo of TIRs of hATs confirmed that few family based TIRs are highly conserved, while other showed variable nucleotide sequences. Transposons based sequence specific amplification polymorphism markers revealed the insertion preference of hATs in diverse Brassica genomes and found many elements as polymorphic across Brassica accessions. Some elements were A or C-genome specific, while most of them are present in Brassica diploids and allopolyploids revealing their presence before separation of A, B and C-Brassica genomes around 8 MYA. Several other unknown mobile insertions were identified with or without TIRs and TSDs of varied lengths, not common to known transposon superfamilies. The detailed study of these insertions revealed their distribution and mobile nature, which although less in numbers and small in sizes are playing a role in genome evolution.

REVIEW : Open Access ; Peste des petits ruminants in Pakistan; past, present and future perspectives

( Muhammad Abubakar ),( Muhammad Irfan ),( Shumaila Manzoor ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.32

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is considered to be one of the main constraints to enhancing the productivity of goats and sheep in regions where it is present and becoming endemic. PPR was recognized in Pakistan in early 1990s but got importance during the Participatory Disease Surveillance (PDS) of Rinderpest Eradication Campaign. Lot of research work has been initiated during last decade towards disease epidemiology, risk factor recognition, laboratory diagnosis, vaccination and demonstration of control strategies. Although there are ongoing projects working towards the progressive control of the disease in country yet there is need to have a national level control program for PPR. Also there is need to have comprehensive social economic surveys, disease hot spot recognition and identification of role of other species in disease transmission. With combined efforts of local and national authorities and political will, there is high likelihood that this devastating disease can be controlled and eventually eradicated in near future.

A promising nonlinear optics and optical limiting attributes in single organic coumarin-based compounds

Aziz Muhammad Safwan,Islam Shumaila,Rosli Muhammad Izz,Basar Norazah,Krishnan Ganesan,Duralim Maisarah,Harun Sulaiman Wadi 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.39 No.-

Nonlinear optical properties of Coumarin-based compounds i.e., 3-acetyl-7-iethylaminocoumarin (C3) and 7-Ethylamino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (C500) is reported by Z-scan technique (Nd: YAG Continuous-wave 532 nm). The conventional C500 compound exhibited NLR properties in the order of n2 = 10–9, whereas the synthesized C3 compound manifested both NLR and NLA properties around n2 = 10–9 and β = 10–4, respectively. The results are obtained from different laser power PC500 = 0.10–0.18 W, while PC3 = 0.20–0.28 W. Both compounds provided excellent NLO attributes at consistent and stable outputs of open and closed-aperture signals, resulted in eminence of NLR and NLA values. The C3 compound is manifested reverse saturable absorption, optical limiting properties, and threshold at 0.3814 W. The exclusivity of NLR in C500 makes it suitable to develop as an optical switcher while synthesized C3 compound is more suitable as an optical limiter for safety.

Evaluating the role of vaccine to combat peste des petits ruminants outbreaks in endemic disease situation

Abubakar, Muhammad,Manzoor, Shumaila,Ali, Qurban Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.1

Among the main intimidation to the sheep and goat population, PPR outbreaks are causing huge losses especially in endemic areas. During recent times, six outbreaks of PPR were confirmed at semi-organized goat farms/herds in various regions of Punjab province and Islamabad capital territory (ICT), Pakistan. The disease started after introduction of new animals at these farms with no history of previous PPR vaccination. The clinical signs appeared affecting respiratory and enteric systems and spread quickly. Disease caused mortality of 10-20% and morbidity of 20-40% within a time period of four weeks. Morbidity and mortality rates were 30.38% (86/283) and 15.55% (44/283), respectively. Three treatment regimes were executed to demonstrate the role of vaccination during outbreak at these farms. First was to use only the broad spectrum antibiotics (Penicillin & Streptomycin and/or Trimethoprim and Sulfadiazine) at two farms (Texilla and Attock). Second treatment regime was to use the same broad spectrum antibiotic along with extensive fluid therapy (Farms at ICT-1 and ICT-2). The third regime was to use of broad spectrum antibiotic plus fluid therapy along with vaccinating the herd against PPR during first week of outbreak (ICT-3 and ICT-4). The third scheme of treatment gave the better results as there was no mortality in third week post-outbreak. Therefore, it is suggested to give proper importance to PPR vaccination along with conventional symptomatic treatment when dealing the PPR outbreaks in endemic disease conditions.