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Japanese Mapping of Asia-Pacific Areas, 1873-1945: An Overview
Shigeru Kobayashi 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2012 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.2
Japanese mapping in the Asia-Pacific region up to 1945 calls for scrutiny, because its development was a multifaceted process with military, administrative, political, and cultural dimensions. This article traces the changes in Japanese mapping of overseas areas to the end of World War II and assesses the significance of the resulting maps, called gaihōzu, as sources for East Asian history. As implements of military operation and colonial administration, the gaihōzu were produced during a protracted period by various means under changing circumstances. Expanding military activity also promoted differentiation among the gaihōzu by increasing the use of maps originally produced in foreign countries. In conclusion, the need for detailed cataloging, in combination with chronologically arranged index mapping, is emphasized for the systematic use of the gaihōzu.
ALUMINUM BIAS SPUTTERING FOR FILM COVERAGE IMPROVEMENT
Kobayashi.Shigeru,Shimamura, Hideaki,Sakata, Masao,Fujita, Shouyou,Yajima, Akira,Saito, Hiroshi,Tateishi, Hideki,Sasaki, Shinji 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1
A filter was installed between the sputtering target and the substrate so as to reduce the aluminum deposition arriving with a shallow angle at the substrate in order to study the step coverage improvement by the bias application. It is deduced that the aluminum flowage occurs so that the surface energy is minimized around the via hole. Aluminum films deposited with the pulsed biasing were characterized in which the possible microstructual damage by argon bombardment is to be minimized. This biasing technique should provide with a better process for the step coverage improvement. A sputtering cathode was developed for aluminum bias sputtering which has a substrate current capability as high as 2A for a 5 inch wafer at the substrate voltage around-50V.
Hironori Kobayashi,Manabu Fuchikami,Kenichi Oga,Tatsuhiro Miyagi,Sho Fujita,Satoshi Fujita,Satoshi Okada,Yasumasa Okamoto,Shigeru Morinobu 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.2
Objective: Environmental deprivation, a type of childhood maltreatment, has been reported to constrain the cognitive developmental processes such as associative learning and implicit learning, which may lead to functional and morphological changes in the ventral pallidum (VP) and pessimism, a well-known cognitive feature of major depression. We examined whether neonatal isolation (NI) could influence the incidence of learned helplessness (LH) in a rat model mimicking the pessimism, and the number of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-expressing VP cells and Penk-expressing VP cells. Methods: The number of escape failures from foot-shocks in the LH test was measured to examine stress-induced depression-like behavior in rats. The number of VGLUT2-expressing VP cells and Penk-expressing VP cells was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results: In NI rats compared with Sham rats, the incidence of LH in adulthood was increased and VGLUT2-expressing VP cells but not Penk-expressing VP cells in adulthood were decreased. VGLUT2-expressing VP cells were decreased only in the LH group of NI rats and significantly correlated with the escape latency in the LH test. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the aberrant VP neuronal activity due to environmental deprivation early in life leads to pessimistic associative and implicit learning. Modulating VP neuronal activity could be a novel therapeutic and preventive strategy for the patients with this specific pathophysiology.
An, Byung Chull,Sakai, Tsuyoshi,Komaba, Shigeru,Kishi, Hiroko,Kobayashi, Sei,Kim, Jin Young,Ikebe, Reiko,Ikebe, Mistuo American Chemical Society 2014 Biochemistry Vol.53 No.49
<P/><P>Motor activity of myosin III is regulated by autophosphorylation. To investigate the role of the kinase activity on the transporter function of myosin IIIA (Myo3A), we identified the phosphorylation sites of kinase domain (KD), which is responsible for the regulation of kinase activity and thus motor function. Using mass spectrometry, we identified six phosphorylation sites in the KD, which are highly conserved among class III myosins and Ste20-related misshapen (Msn) kinases. Two predominant sites, Thr<SUP>184</SUP> and Thr<SUP>188</SUP>, in KD are important for phosphorylation of the KD as well as the motor domain, which regulates the affinity for actin. In the Caco2 cells, the full-length human Myo3A (hMyo3AFull) markedly enlarged the microvilli, although it did not show discrete localization within the microvilli. On the other hand, hMyo3AFull(T184A) and hMyo3AFull(T188A) both showed clear localization at the microvilli tips. Our results suggest that Myo3A induces large actin bundle formation to form microvilli, and phosphorylation of KD at Thr<SUP>184</SUP> and Thr<SUP>188</SUP> is critical for the kinase activity of Myo3A, and regulation of Myo3A translocation to the tip of microvilli. Retinal extracts potently dephosphorylate both KD and motor domain without IQ motifs (MDIQo), which was inhibited by okadaic acid (OA) with nanomolar range and by tautomycetin (TMC) with micromolar range. The results suggest that Myo3A phosphatase is protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A). Supporting this result, recombinant PP2Ac potently dephosphorylates both KD and MDIQo. We propose that the phosphorylation–dephosphorylation mechanism plays an essential role in mediating the transport and actin bundle formation and stability functions of hMyo3A.</P>
남영우(Young-Woo Nam),渡理繪(Rie Watanabe),山近久美子(Kumiko Yamachika),이호상(Ho-Sang Lee),小林茂(Shigeru Kobayashi) 대한지리학회 2009 대한지리학회지 Vol.44 No.6
본 연구는 조선왕조 말기에 일본 육군성 참모본부 소속의 장교들로 조직된 간첩대가 한반도에 침투하여 비밀측량을 실시한 배경과 과정을 파악하고 그 실체를 규명한 것이다. 본 연구의 대상이 된 지도들은 첩보장교들의 목측에 의해 은밀하고 신속하게 제작된 노상측도와 目測迅速圖로 제작된 것들이다. 종래에는 1885년경부터 노상측도가 행해진 것으로 밝혀진 바 있으나, 본 연구에서는 1882년 이소바야시 중위에 의해 최초로 노상측도가 시도되었음이 밝혀졌다. 그들은 1883~1887년에 걸친 정찰루트와 간행지도를 분석한 결과 단기간에 지도제작은 물론 정보수집을 위하여 역할이 분담되었던 것으로 확인되었다. This study investigates and proves the historical facts about the confidential land survey on Korean peninsula made by Japanese intelligence officers at the end of Chosun Dynasty. Under the command of general staff office of Japanese army, the military officers produced several maps through road map measurements and visual measurements. Although previous literature indicated road map measurements on Korea were originally implemented from 1885, this study confirms that road map measurements were initiated in 1882 by a lieutenant Isobayashi. Reflecting secret map making procedures, the individual military intelligence officers had specialized roles for swift information collection and map production.
Masuya Hiroshi,Usuda Daiki,Nakata Hatsumi,Yuhara Naomi,Kurihara Keiko,Namiki Yuri,Iwase Shigeru,Takada Toyoyuki,Tanaka Nobuhiko,Suzuki Kenta,Yamagata Yuki,Kobayashi Norio,Yoshiki Atsushi,Kushida Tatsu 한국실험동물학회 2021 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.37 No.1
Online databases are crucial infrastructures to facilitate the wide effective and efficient use of mouse mutant resources in life sciences. The number and types of mouse resources have been rapidly growing due to the development of genetic modification technology with associated information of genomic sequence and phenotypes. Therefore, data integration technologies to improve the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of mouse strain data becomes essential for mouse strain repositories. In 2020, the RIKEN BioResource Research Center released an integrated database of bioresources including, experimental mouse strains, Arabidopsis thaliana as a laboratory plant, cell lines, microorganisms, and genetic materials using Resource Description Framework-related technologies. The integrated database shows multiple advanced features for the dissemination of bioresource information. The current version of our online catalog of mouse strains which functions as a part of the integrated database of bioresources is available from search bars on the page of the Center ( https://brc.riken.jp ) and the Experimental Animal Division ( https://mus.brc.riken.jp/ ) websites. The BioResource Research Center also released a genomic variation database of mouse strains established in Japan and Western Europe, MoG + ( https://molossinus.brc.riken.jp/mogplus/ ), and a database for phenotype-phenotype associations across the mouse phenome using data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Platform. In this review, we describe features of current version of databases related to mouse strain resources in RIKEN BioResource Research Center and discuss future views.
Moito Iijima,Noriyuki Okonogi,Nakako Izumi Nakajima,Yukie Morokoshi,Hiroaki Kanda,Taiju Yamada,Yusuke Kobayashi,Kouji Banno,Masaru Wakatsuki,Shigeru Yamada,Tadashi Kamada,Daisuke Aoki,Sumitaka Hasegaw 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.2
Objective: Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in tumor cells and has been shown to predict clinical outcomes of several types of malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carbon-ion (C-ion) beam irradiation on PD-L1 expression in human uterine cervical adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma (UCAA) cells and clinical samples and to identify the prognostic factors for outcomes after C-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). Methods: The effects of C-ion irradiation on PD-L1 expression in human UCAA and cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells were examined by flow cytometry. We examined PD-L1 expression in UCAA biopsy specimens from 33 patients before CIRT started (pre-CIRT) and after 12 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) irradiation (post-12Gy-C) in 4 fractions of CIRT to investigate the correlation between PD-L1 status and clinical outcomes. Results: The PD-L1 expression was upregulated by C-ion beam in a dose-dependent manner in HeLa and SiHa cells through phosphorylated Chk1. The overall frequencies of pre-CIRT and post-12Gy-C PD-L1 positivity were 45% (15/33) and 67% (22/33), respectively. The post-12Gy-C PD-L1 expression was significantly elevated compared to the pre-CIRT PD-L1 expression. There was no significant relationship between the pre-CIRT PD-L1 status and clinical outcomes, such as local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). However, the post-12Gy-C PD-L1 expression had better correlation with PFS, but not with LC and OS. Conclusion: CIRT can induce PD-L1 expression in UCAA and we propose that PD-L1 expression after starting CIRT may become as a predictive prognostic marker in CIRT for UCAA.