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The Effects of Learner Autonomy on Writing in EFL
Am anda Sheffield(Am anda Sheffield ) 글로벌응용인문학회 2023 글로벌응용인문학연구 Vol.1 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and to what extent autonomic and non-autonomous variables affect students' intrinsic motivation and satisfaction with these activities. Students’ academic performance in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing classes was examined to uncover any potential connections between learner autonomy (LA) and academic performance. An analysis of statistical significance was performed using a paired sample t-test on the resultant pairs of student perceptions. Based on the results of this study, the perception of autonomous activities among students is positive. Additionally, they performed better in such EFL writing contexts because of their autonomous activities. Based on the results of the present study, instructors should incorporate autonomous activities into the teaching process in EFL writing classes. EFL writing classrooms may provide students with the opportunity to play a more active role than a passive one, with the ability to effectively contribute to developing syllabuses and curriculum, which can increase their intrinsic motivation and improve their academic performance. As a result, students are motivated to take responsibility for their actions.
Middle Grades Mathematics : Plateau, Peak or Passion
( Sheffield Linda Jensen ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2011 No.-
Middle grades, ages 11 - 14, are a critical time for mathematically promising students. Recent reports from the United States such as Preparing the Next Generation of STEM Innovators; U.S. Math Performance in Global Perspective, national U. S. initiatives such as the Common Core State Standards, and The Peak in the Middle: Developing Mathematically Gifted Students in the Middle Grades, a new book from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, National Association for Gifted Children and the National Middle School Association have major implications for identifying, developing and supporting high-performing students. Too often, in the United States these students go unrecognized, unmotivated, and under-developed. Middle grades are a time when students should develop a passion for math, create innovative approaches to problem solving and problem posing and build a strong foundation for high school and beyond. It is not a time when brain development reaches a plateau. Rather, it should be a time of brain growth, maturity, and excitement about increasingly complex ideas. Questioning and discourse strategies and a mathematics curriculum focused on reasoning, sense making and creativity should be designed to prepare this next generation of STEM innovators.
Adiponectin Gene Cloning and Its Expression in Insect Cell Expression System
Yuh, In Suh,Sheffield, Lewis G. The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2012 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.36 No.3
This study was to examine expression of the recombinant full-length adiponectin (recombinant adiponectin) in insect ovarian cell culture system and to characterize structural properties of the recombinant adiponectin secreted in medium. Gene construct encoding the recombinant adiponectin contained N-terminal collagen-like domain (110 Amino Acids, AAs), C-terminal globular domain (137 AAs) and C-terminal peptides for detection with V5 antibody (26 AAs included adaptor peptide) and purification using the 6xHis tag (6 AAs). The approximate molecular weight of the product (monomer) was 35 kDa. Molecular mass species of the expressed recombinant adiponectin were monomer (~35 kDa), dimer (~70 kDa), trimer (~105 kDa) and hexamer (~210 kDa). The major secreted species were the LMW forms, such as monomer, dimer, and trimer. There was MMW of hexamer as minor form. HMW multimers (~300 kDa) were shown as a tracer or not detected on the SDS-PAGE in several experiments (data not shown). The multimer forms in this study were not compatible to those in animal or human serum and adipose tissue by other researcher's study in which the major multimer forms were HMW. By protein denaturing experiments with reducing reagent (${\beta}$-MeOH), anionic detergent (SDS) and heat ($95^{\circ}C$) on the SDS-PAGE, not all adiponectin multimers seemed to have disulfide bond linked structure to form multimers. The recombinant adiponectin which expressed in insect ovarian cell culture system seemed to have the limitation as full physiological regulator for the application to animal and human study.
MODULATION OF INSULIN-STIMULATED DNA SYNTHESIS BY CHOLERA TOXIN IN BOVINE MAMMARY FIBROBLASTS
Yuh, I.S.,Park, C.K.,Han, J.Y.,Sheffield, L.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.4
Bovine fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and then treated with control, insulin (I, $1{\mu}g/ml$), cholera toxin (CT, 0.1-100 ng/ml) or CT (0.1-100 ng/ml) + I ($1{\mu}g/ml$). Cholera toxin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, significantly decreased insulin induced DNA synthesis (p<0.05). The modulation of DNA synthesis apparently involves events occurring in early stage of cell growth, at least between the first 4 and 8 hour of CT treatment. Insulin induced collagen as well as noncollagen synthesis in cell layer, however, these syntheses were reduced by addition of cholera toxin (p<0.05) but were not completely reduced. It is not clear whether the reduction of insulin-induced cell layer collagen or noncollagen proteins by CT is involved in the inhibitory effect on insulin-induced DNA synthesis. However, we could rule out the hypothesis that insulin-induced DNA synthesis is reduced by CT-induced cellular differentiation.
Two chemically similar stellar overdensities on opposite sides of the plane of the Galactic disk
Bergemann, Maria,Sesar, Branimir,Cohen, Judith G.,Serenelli, Aldo M.,Sheffield, Allyson,Li, Ting S.,Casagrande, Luca,Johnston, Kathryn V.,Laporte, Chervin F. P.,Price-Whelan, Adrian M.,Schö,nrich, Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2018 Nature Vol.555 No.7696
Our Galaxy is thought to have an active evolutionary history, dominated over the past ten billion years or so by star formation, the accretion of cold gas and, in particular, the merging of clumps of baryonic and dark matter. The stellar halo—the faint, roughly spherical component of the Galaxy—reveals rich ‘fossil’ evidence of these interactions, in the form of stellar streams, substructures and chemically distinct stellar components. The effects of interactions with dwarf galaxies on the content and morphology of the Galactic disk are still being explored. Recent studies have identified kinematically distinct stellar substructures and moving groups of stars in our Galaxy, which may have extragalactic origins. There is also mounting evidence that stellar overdensities (regions with greater-than-average stellar density) at the interface between the outer disk and the halo could have been caused by the interaction of a dwarf galaxy with the disk. Here we report a spectroscopic analysis of 14 stars from two stellar overdensities, each lying about five kiloparsecs above or below the Galactic plane—locations suggestive of an association with the stellar halo. We find that the chemical compositions of these two groups of stars are almost identical, both within and between these overdensities, and closely match the abundance patterns of stars in the Galactic disk. We conclude that these stars came from the disk, and that the overdensities that they are part of were created by tidal interactions of the disk with passing or merging dwarf galaxies.