Congestion pricing with Genetic Algorithm for delay reduction on urban road network

Sharaf AlKheder,Ahmed Al-Rashidi 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2021 도시과학국제저널 Vol.25 No.2

This paper investigated the possibility of applying congestion pricing in order to mitigate the traffic congestion on urban road networks in Kuwait. In order to explore the public support of this idea, a satisfaction study survey had been distributed randomly to road users. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was utilized to design the congestion pricing system as a unit price combinatorial optimization problem. Additionally, network analysis with SYNCHRO simulation software had been applied to examine Kuwait city network overall performance before and after applying congestion pricing. Two different approaches had been introduced: User Equilibrium (UE) and System Optimal Flow (SO). It was concluded that commuters are supporting applying congestion pricing as long as it will guarantee them a lower travel time with less delay. Eventually, the positive impact of congestion pricing on the studied network and the delay reduction was clearly noticed.

MOTION IN PARABOLIC CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES: APPLICATION TO J₂ GRAVITY PERTURBED TRAJECTORIES

Sharaf, M.A.,Selim, H.H.,Saad, A.S. The Korean Astronomical Society 2006 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.39 No.4

In this paper, initial value problem for dynamical astronomy will be established using parabolic cylindrical coordinates. Computation algorithm is developed for the initial value problem of gravity perturbed trajectories. Applications of the algorithm for the problem of final state predication are illustrated by numerical examples of seven test orbits of different eccentricities. The numerical results are extremely accurate and efficient in predicating final state for gravity perturbed trajectories which is of extreme importance for scientific researches as well as for military purposes. Moreover, an additional efficiency of the algorithm is that, for each of the test orbits, the step size used for solving the differential equations of motion is larger than 70% of the step size used for obtaining its reference final state solution.

Morpho-anatomical Features of the Leaves of the Mediterranean Geophyte Urginea maritima (L.) Baker (Liliaceae)

( Sharaf Al Tardeh ),( Thomas Sawidis ),( Barbara Evelin Diannelidis ),( Stylianos Delivopoulos ) 한국식물학회 2008 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.51 No.2

The morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of the hysteranthous leaf of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker and its adaptive strategies to the Mediterranean climate were investigated. The leaf of U. maritima is 714 μm thick and possesses moderate specific leaf mass (8.564 mg cm?2) and low tissue density (136.5 mg cm?3). The epidermal cells are compactly arranged and covered with cuticle. The average density of stomata in lower epidermis is higher than that of the upper one. The mesophyll cells occupy 52.96% of the total volume of the leaf, while the mesophyll intercellular spaces and the air spaces occupy 30.41%. Idioblastic cells containing raphide bundles and different phenotypes of crystalloid inclusions, embedded in polysaccharides, occur in the lower side of the mesophyll. The presence of oil droplets and lipids is evident. Bundle sheath cells are hardly visible with no chloroplasts which are a pronounced C3 plant character. Plastids containing protein crystalloid inclusions are abundant in the protophloem sieve elements. U. maritima, a deciduous plant, possesses leaves with mesophytic characters, in order to optimize its adaptation to the seasonal fluctuation of environmental conditions of the Mediterranean climate.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Based Noise Exposure Levels at Kuwait International Airport (KIA): Assessment and Mitigation Strategies

Sharaf AlKheder,Reyouf ALMutairi 한국항공우주학회 2023 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.24 No.5

The article presented data analysis to address the challenge of reducing noise occurrence in the case of neighbourhoods that are close to the airport. A data analytic approach to this challenge is novel and makes contributions in the aspect of future aerospace sciences. This paper studied the noise exposure level of Kuwait International Airport (KIA) using a mathematical model from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and actual data records for the year 2018. Then it specified if the noise restrictions have been fully applied by the airport authority, knowing that these restrictions have been evolved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Moreover, since noise charges have been introduced at numerous airports worldwide, an optimal noise charge policy was determined, taking into consideration meeting the ICAO’s Policies on Charges for Airports and Air Navigation Services. Applying noise charges policy means that if the noise levels produced by aircrafts at the airport at given times specially at night exceeds standard levels identified by ICAO, then a financial penalty will be charged on the airlines companies contributing the most to such high noise levels. Such fine will encourage the airlines companies to reduce their flight frequencies and hence enhance the overall airport environment by reducing the noise levels. Eventually, this research mainly focused on noise level reduction in Kuwait International Airport (KIA) using two methods. First, ensuring adherence to ICAO restrictions and secondly, applying noise charges policy. To better clarify, this paer focused on both folds as follows: to evaluate if the use of noise cancellation fine yields good outcomes as regards noise reduction in the airport environment and to ensure adherence to ICAO restrictions.

Synthesis and biological activities of 3-polyamino-5b-cholane-7a,24-diols

Sharaf Nawaz Khan,Hong-Seok Kim 한국공업화학회 2009 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.15 No.4

A series of 3-polyaminochenodeoxycholic acid derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities were assessed. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the antifungal activity was assessed against two strains Candida albicans (ATCC MYA-1003) and Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 16424). The introduction of an amine group to steroid was accomplished by reductive amination of 3-oxosteroid 9 with Boc-spermidine and Boc-spermine, in the presence of NaBH(OAc)3. This afforded a high yield of 3-polyaminosteroids of 10–13. The 3b-sperminyl-5b-cholane 6 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes 308A, Staphylococcus aureus 503, Escherichia coli DC2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027 with a MIC value of 3.13 mg/mL.

Cross Metathesis-Assisted Syntheses of Glycopeptoids

Sharaf Nawaz Khan,Arim Kim,Robert H. Grubbs,Yong-Uk Kwon 한국당과학회 2011 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Glycosylation, the attachment of sugars to proteins, is one of the most abundant post translational modifications in all living cells. It plays very important roles in protein folding, stabilization, embryogenesis, neuronal development, cell-cell adhesion and recognition. Glycosylation produces huge structural diversity in proteins which is necessary for the functionalization of nascent proteins. While peptides are an attractive class of molecules to synthesize glycopeptides, they possess undesirable drawbacks including sensitivity to proteases, limited cell permeability and poor bioavailability. Thus, there have been increasing needs for new peptidomimetics with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics. Among them, peptoids, N-alkylated glycine oligomers where side chains are directly attached to nitrogen atom rather than α-carbon of peptide, possess many advantages over peptides. Attachments of sugars to peptoid backbone generate glycopeptoids which have interesting features by mimicking glycopeptides. Our strategy was to install sugar derivatives to alkenyl moiety-containing peptoids through solid-phase cross metathesis approach. The peptoids were prepared on bead having strategically positioned alkenyl moieties in different length. O-linked sugar-alkene derivatives based upon glucose, mannose, and galactose monomers were also made. Initially, we screened reaction condition parameters such as catalyst, concentration of sugar derivative, temperature, solvent, and reaction time. HG2 was proved to be a better catalyst than G1 and G2. The length of alkenyl moieties was critical on cross metathesis. The cross metathesis was facilitated easily with 3-butenyl group over allyl group. We have successfully synthesized glycopeptoids on solid-phase through cross metathesis in very good yields. This systematic study into the use of solid-phase cross metathesis for the synthesis of glycopeptoids provides a particularly valuable tool for easy access to the molecular sources of glycopeptidomimetics and the rapid generation of glycopeptoid libraries.

Asymmetric impact of real effective exchange rate changes on domestic output revisited: evidence from Egypt

Sharaf Mesbah Fathy,Shahen Abdelhalem Mahmoud 경희대학교 글로벌 통상·금융연구원 2023 International Trade, Politics and Development Vol.7 No.1

This paper investigates the asymmetric impact of the real effective exchange rate (REER) on Egypt's real domestic output from 1960 to 2020.A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model is utilized to isolate real currency depreciations from appreciations and account for the potential asymmetry in the impact of the REER. The analyses account for the various channels via which the REER could affect domestic output.Results show evidence of a long-run asymmetry in the output effect of REER changes in which only real currency depreciations have a contractionary impact on output, while the REER has no impact on output in the short run.The Egyptian monetary authority cannot rely on domestic currency depreciation as a policy instrument to boost domestic output.Unlike most of the previous studies, which assume linearity in the impact of the REER on output, we relax this assumption and hypothesize that the REER changes have an asymmetric effect on the Egyptian domestic output in Egypt. We use a long time span from 1960 to 2020 and control for the potential structural breaks in the REER-output nexus and the various channels through which the REER can affect domestic output.

Integrating Entrepreneurship in Translator Training : A Project-Based Case Study

Hanan Sharaf,Dine M. Ahmed 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2022 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.01

In contemporary research on translator training and education, emphasis is largely placed on the translation process and translation competence acquisition. A broader social constructivist approach to translator training is needed to pay more attention towards strengthening the social connections within which translators are embedded and towards addressing a multi-dimensional translator competence rather than translation competence (Kiraly, 2013). Thus, shifting the initial traditional focus on linguistic skills to a more comprehensive set of competencies that can better prepare the freshly graduated translators to venture confidently into the Language Service Providers market is needed. Entrepreneurial skills are among the most significant skills translators should acquire in the 21st Century. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pays close attention to entrepreneurship as a means for creating decent work opportunities, improving the quality of life, promoting sustainable economic development, and fostering innovation. While the UN 2018 World Youth Report commends efforts for introducing entrepreneurship to educational programs in both developed and developing countries, it still calls for further studies to evaluate the effectiveness and value of such programs. Although there is a growing interest among institutions of higher education in Egypt to integrate entrepreneurship education in their programs, in fulfillment of the Egypt Vision 2030 and consequently the global SDGs, this interest remains confined mostly to the science majors like engineering, computer science, or even pharmacy and dentistry. Translator training in Egypt mostly focuses on developing the linguistic skills of translators and in best cases their technology and soft skills. To introduce entrepreneurship into translator training, it is not just enough to combine specific skills of business planning and management to linguistic and soft skills, there should be a shift in the teaching and learning methodologies and the roles assumed by students and instructors (Lackeus, 2015). This article presents a case study of a project that integrates entrepreneurship education in a quasi-professional practice setting within a legal translation course for senior students of the translation minor, at an Egyptian private university. The study adopts a post-modern relativistic qualitative methodology as advocated by Kiraly (2013, 2014) to investigate the newly emerging translator competence. Interviews are also conducted to further consolidate the research findings. The study aims to provide insights into curriculum development for translation undergraduate programs promoting entrepreneurship education and student-centered learning. In addition, the study proposes a model of translator competence that befits the new changes in the LSP market and contributes to the 2030 Agenda.

Technical Efficiency Analysis of Container Terminals in Middle Eastern Region

Ebrahim Sharaf Almawsheki,Muhammad Zaly Shah 한국해운물류학회 2015 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.31 No.4

Despite an increasing number of studies on the efficiency of container terminals, their focus has mostly been on advanced and emerging markets. There are limited studies on container terminals in developing countries such as those of the Middle Eastern region, which are located in a critical geographic position in the international maritime route between the East and the West. Information on their potential for development relative to other terminals worldwide is thus not readily available. This study aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of 19 container terminals in the Middle Eastern region. The DEA approach is used to measure technical efficiency, and slack variable analysis identifies potential areas of improvement for inefficient terminals. The results show that the Jebel Ali, Salalah and Beirut container terminals are the most efficient terminals in the region, and that the least efficient is the terminal in Aden. The results provide valuable information for terminal managers, helping to develop resource utilisation for steady development in operational efficiency.

Cross Metathesis Assisted Solid-Phase Synthesis of Glycopeptoids

Khan, Sharaf Nawaz,Kim, Arim,Grubbs, Robert H.,Kwon, Yong-Uk American Chemical Society 2012 Organic letters Vol.14 No.12

<P>A solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptoids was explored through olefin cross metathesis (CM). Peptoids and sugar derivatives with appropriate olefin moieties were coupled in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst to afford glycopeptoids in good yields. This systematic solid-phase CM study can provide facile access to the molecular sources of glycopeptidomimetics and postchemical modifications on various molecular scaffolds.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2012/orlef7.2012.14.issue-12/ol300808c/production/images/medium/ol-2012-00808c_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol300808c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>