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Jeongmin Lee,Sangwook Lee,Wooram Jung,Guk Bae Kim,Taehun Kim,Jiwon Seong,장혜민,Young Noh,Na Kyung Lee,Boo Rak Lee,Jung-Il Lee,Soo Jin Choi,Wonil Oh,Namkug Kim,Seunghoon Lee,Duk L. Na 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.31
Background: To deliver therapeutics into the brain, it is imperative to overcome the issue of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). One of the ways to circumvent the BBB is to administer therapeutics directly into the brain parenchyma. To enhance the treatment efficacy for chronic neurodegenerative disorders, repeated administration to the target location is required. However, this increases the number of operations that must be performed. In this study, we developed the IntraBrain Injector (IBI), a new implantable device to repeatedly deliver therapeutics into the brain parenchyma. Methods: We designed and fabricated IBI with medical grade materials, and evaluated the efficacy and safety of IBI in 9 beagles. The trajectory of IBI to the hippocampus was simulated prior to surgery and the device was implanted using 3D-printed adaptor and surgical guides. Ferumoxytol-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were injected into the hippocampus via IBI, and magnetic resonance images were taken before and after the administration to analyze the accuracy of repeated injection. Results: We compared the planned vs. insertion trajectory of IBI to the hippocampus. With a similarity of 0.990 ± 0.001 (mean ± standard deviation), precise targeting of IBI was confirmed by comparing planned vs. insertion trajectories of IBI. Multiple administrations of ferumoxytol-labeled MSCs into the hippocampus using IBI were both feasible and successful (success rate of 76.7%). Safety of initial IBI implantation, repeated administration of therapeutics, and long-term implantation have all been evaluated in this study. Conclusion: Precise and repeated delivery of therapeutics into the brain parenchyma can be done without performing additional surgeries via IBI implantation.
GzSNF1 Is Required for Normal Sexual and Asexual Development in the Ascomycete Gibberella zeae
Lee, Seung-Ho,Lee, Jungkwan,Lee, Seunghoon,Park, Eun-Hee,Kim, Ki-Woo,Kim, Myoung-Dong,Yun, Sung-Hwan,Lee, Yin-Won American Society for Microbiology 2009 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.8 No.1
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The sucrose nonfermenting 1 (<I>SNF1</I>) protein kinase of yeast plays a central role in the transcription of glucose-repressible genes in response to glucose starvation. In this study, we deleted an ortholog of <I>SNF1</I> from <I>Gibberella zeae</I> to characterize its functions by using a gene replacement strategy. The mycelial growth of deletion mutants (ΔGz<I>SNF1</I>) was reduced by 21 to 74% on diverse carbon sources. The virulence of ΔGz<I>SNF1</I> mutants on barley decreased, and the expression of genes encoding cell-wall-degrading enzymes was reduced. The most distinct phenotypic changes were in sexual and asexual development. ΔGz<I>SNF1</I> mutants produced 30% fewer perithecia, which matured more slowly, and asci that contained one to eight abnormally shaped ascospores. Mutants in which only the Gz<I>SNF1</I> catalytic domain was deleted had the same phenotype changes as the ΔGz<I>SNF1</I> strains, but the phenotype was less extreme in the mutants with the regulatory domain deleted. In outcrosses between the ΔGz<I>SNF1</I> mutants, each perithecium contained ∼70% of the abnormal ascospores, and ∼50% of the asci showed unexpected segregation patterns in a single locus tested. The asexual spores of the ΔGz<I>SNF1</I> mutants were shorter and had fewer septa than those of the wild-type strain. The germination and nucleation of both ascospores and conidia were delayed in ΔGz<I>SNF1</I> mutants in comparison with those of the wild-type strain. GzSNF1 expression and localization depended on the developmental stage of the fungus. These results suggest that Gz<I>SNF1</I> is critical for normal sexual and asexual development in addition to virulence and the utilization of alternative carbon sources.</P>
Functional Analyses of Two Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthetases in the Ascomycete Gibberella zeae
Lee, Seunghoon,Son, Hokyoung,Lee, Jungkwan,Min, Kyunghun,Choi, Gyung Ja,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Lee, Yin-Won American Society for Microbiology 2011 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.10 No.8
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P> Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a crucial metabolite for energy metabolism and biosynthetic pathways and is produced in various cellular compartments with spatial and temporal precision. Our previous study on ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Gibberella zeae revealed that ACL-dependent acetyl-CoA production is important for histone acetylation, especially in sexual development, but is not involved in lipid synthesis. In this study, we deleted additional acetyl-CoA synthetic genes, the acetyl-CoA synthetases ( <I>ACS</I> genes <I>ACS1</I> and <I>ACS2</I> ), to identify alternative acetyl-CoA production mechanisms for ACL. The <I>ACS1</I> deletion resulted in a defect in sexual development that was mainly due to a reduction in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol production, which is required for perithecium development and maturation. Another ACS coding gene, <I>ACS2</I> , has accessorial functions for <I>ACS1</I> and has compensatory functions for <I>ACL</I> as a nuclear acetyl-CoA producer. This study showed that acetate is readily generated during the entire life cycle of G. zeae and has a pivotal role in fungal metabolism. Because ACSs are components of the pyruvate-acetaldehyde-acetate pathway, this fermentation process might have crucial roles in various physiological processes for filamentous fungi. </P>
Development of a Physical Therapy System for Enhancement of Balance Ability
Seunghoon Lee,Younggeun Choi,Hyewon Lee,Wonsup Lee,Taekho You,Myounghwan Ko,Jongkwan Park,Minjung You,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Objective: 본 연구는 노인이나 편마비 환자 등의 균형능력을 평가하고 균형장애를 치료할 수 있는 기능성 게임 기반 물리치료 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. Background: 기존 물리치료 방법은 단순하고 지루한 동작을 반복 수행하는 것으로서 환자의 재활의지를 저하시킬 여지가 있으므로, 효과적인 물리치료를 위해 치료동기 및 흥미를 유발시키는 방법이 요구된다. 기존 균형장애의 평가는 임상의의 주관적 판단에 의하여 이루어지고 있으며 정량적 평가 체계가 미흡한 실정이다. Method: 본 연구는 국내외 선행 연구 조사, 기존 제품 조사, 그리고 전문가 자문을 통해 기존 균형훈련 물리치료 시스템의 문제를 파악하고 새로운 아이디어를 제안하였다. 제안된 아이디어는 실용성 및 임상효과 측면에서 평가되었으며, 최종 제품 concept이 도출되었다. Results: 본 연구를 통해 개발된 기능성 게임 기반의 균형훈련 물리치료 시스템 아이디어는 사용성, 만족도, 임상적 활용성, 치료효과 측면에서 보다 효과적인 균형훈련 방법을 제공할 것으로 기대된다. Conclusion: 본 연구에서 개발될 신체균형능력 향상을 위한 기능성 게임 물리치료 시스템은 기존의 물리치료 장비들과 비교하여 치료의 효율 측면에서 우수한 효과가 기대된다. 또한, 가정에서도 치료사 없이 손쉽고 재미있게 자가 치료를 진행할 수 있어 지속적 치료가 가능하다. Application: 제안된 균형훈련 물리치료 시스템 아이디어는 재활의학센터, 요양원, 그리고 가정 등에서 사용될 수 있도록 상용장비로 개발되고 있으며, 시제품이 개발되면 균형장애환자를 대상으로 사용성 및 임상적 활용성 등이 평가될 예정이다.
Lee, Youngjeon,Lee, Seunghoon,Lee, Sang-Rae,Park, Kanghui,Hong, Yunkyung,Lee, Minkyung,Park, Sookyoung,Jin, Yunho,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yonggeun Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.2
<P>Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (eNSPCs) proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glial cells after spinal cord injury (SCI). We have previously shown that melatonin (MT) plus exercise (Ex) had a synergistic effect on functional recovery after SCI. Thus, we hypothesized that combined therapy including melatonin and exercise might exert a beneficial effect on eNSPCs after SCI. Melatonin was administered twice a day and exercise was performed on a treadmill for 15 min, six days per week for 3 weeks after SCI. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis were used to determine cell population for late response, in conjunction with histological examination and motor function test. There was marked improvement in hindlimb function in SCI+MT+Ex group at day 14 and 21 after injury, as documented by the reduced size of the spinal lesion and a higher density of dendritic spines and axons; such functional improvements were associated with increased numbers of BrdU-positive cells. Furthermore, MAP2 was increased in the injured thoracic segment, while GFAP was increased in the cervical segment, along with elevated numbers of BrdU-positive nestin-expressing eNSPCs in the SCI+MT+Ex group. The dendritic spine density was augmented markedly in SCI+MT and SCI+MT+Ex groups. These results suggest a synergistic effect of SCI+MT+Ex might create a microenvironment to facilitate proliferation of eNSPCs to effectively replace injured cells and to improve regeneration in SCI.</P>