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Intestinal Enterococcus population affects Galleria mellonella metamorphosis
Seonghan Jang,Hyun Gi Kong,Jin-Soo Son,Joon-Hui Chung,Soohyun Lee,Jun-Seob Kim,Choong-Min Ryu 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10
Microbes in insect gut significantly influence host physiology. While Lepidoptera is a diverse insect order, the relationship between microbial symbiosis and host development remains elusive, especially concerning role of gut-colonizing bacteria in metamorphosis. We investigated the gut microbial diversity in Galleria mellonella throughout its life cycle using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed a predominance of Enterococcus spp. in larvae and Enterobacter spp. in pupae. Remarkably, removing Enterococcus spp. hastened the larval-to-pupal transition. Transcriptome analysis showed an upregulation of immune response genes in pupae and hormone genes in larvae. Notably, the production of antimicrobial peptides in the host gut varied with developmental stages. Some of these peptides suppressed the growth of Enterococcus innesii, a dominant gut bacterium in G. mellonella larvae. This research underscores the pivotal role of gut microbiota shifts in metamorphosis, driven by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in the G. mellonella digestive system.
Re-opening of the symbiont sorting organ with aging in Riptortus pedestris
Jang Seonghan,Kikuchi Yoshitomo 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4
Because environments are full of diverse microorganisms including parasites and pathogens, how to select and maintain a beneficial microbial partner is a critical issue for host organisms. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae) acquires a specific gut symbiont, Burkholderia insecticola, from environmental soil in the second instar stage and houses it in a crypt-bearing midgut region called M4. To sort the Burkholderia symbiont from a wide variety of soil microbes, R. pedestris develops a specialized organ named “constricted region (CR)”. The CR, located in front of the crypt-bearing symbiotic region, is immediately closed after colonization of M4 by the Burkholderia symbiont to block any contamination of microbes ingested with food. By using a food coloring and a red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing Burkholderia symbiont, we here revealed that the closed CR is reopened at a later developmental stage of R. pedestris. Although the CR was re-opened at the late phase of the fifth instar, oral administration of food coloring and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing symbiont demonstrated that ingested food and bacteria were stopped at the M4B despite the opened CR. Observations using confocal microscopy revealed reverse flow of gut content from M4 to M3 through the opened CR, the flow pressure of which seemed to prevent any contamination of the symbiotic M4 region. The morphological change of the CR with aging may cause a risk of contamination, but another mechanism, the reverse flow, plausibly maintains the specificity of gut symbiont in R. pedestris.
Trojan horse in an insect symbiosis
Seonghan Jang,Kota Ishigami,Aoba Yoshioka,Hiroyuki Morimura,Kazutaka Takeshita,Aya Yokota,Lionel Moulin,Peter Mergaert,Daisuke Nakane,Yoshitomo Kikuchi 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10
Many insects form mutualistic relationships with microbial symbionts, crucial for their physiological processes. The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, establishes a unique gut symbiosis with the genus Caballeronia and consistently acquires these symbionts from surrounding soil with each generation. As a result, the bean bug unavoidably consumes a variety of environmental microbes, including potential pathogens. To address this, the bean bug has developed a specialized organ in its midgut that selectively filters out non-symbiotic microbes, thereby preventing contamination of its symbiotic organ. In this study, we identified a pathogenic strain from the genus Burkholderia that lethally affects the bean bug post-invasion of the symbiotic organ. This pathogen employs a strategy of mimicking the motility of native symbionts to infiltrate the symbiont sorting organ and displays a pronounced resistance against antimicrobial agents produced by the host. Upon establishing itself in the symbiotic organ, the pathogen breaches the midgut cells, leading to host mortality, and subsequently disperses into the external environment. Our findings unveil a cunning pathogenic tactic that exploits the mimicry of native symbionts within an insect's symbiotic framework.
PAL-XFEL soft X-ray scientific instruments and X-ray optics: First commissioning results
Park, Sang Han,Kim, Minseok,Min, Changi-Ki,Eom, Intae,Nam, Inhyuk,Lee, Heung-Soo,Kang, Heung-Sik,Kim, Hyeong-Do,Jang, Ho Young,Kim, Seonghan,Hwang, Sun-min,Park, Gi-Soo,Park, Jaehun,Koo, Tae-Yeong,Kwo American Institute of Physics 2018 Review of scientific instruments Vol.89 No.5