Basilar Artery Plaque and Pontine Infarction Location and Vascular Geometry

Bum Joon Kim,Kyung Mi Lee,Hyun Young Kim,Young Seo Kim,Seong-Ho Koh,Sung Hyuk Heo,장대일 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.1

Background and Purpose Subclinical atherosclerotic plaques are common in patients with pontine infarctions (PIs) but without basilar artery (BA) stenosis. We hypothesized that BA plaque locations may differ by PI type and vertical location as well as vertebrobasilar artery geometry. Methods Ninety-six patients with PI but without BA stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography were enrolled. PIs were classified by type (paramedian, deep, or lateral) and vertical location (rostral, middle, or caudal). Patients underwent highresolution MRI to evaluate BA plaque location (anterior, posterior, or lateral). The mid-BA angle on anteroposterior view and angle between the BA and dominant vertebral artery (BA-VA angle) on lateral view were measured. Results The PIs were paramedian (72.9%), deep (17.7%), and lateral (9.4%) type with a rostral (32.3%), middle (42.7%), and caudal (25.0%) vertical location. The BA plaque locations differed by PI type (P=0.03) and vertical location (P<0.001); BA plaques were most frequent at the posterior wall in paramedian (37.1%) and caudal (58.3%) PIs and at the lateral wall in lateral (55.5%) and middle (34.1%) PIs. The BA-VA and mid-BA angles differed by BA plaque and PI vertical location; the greatest BA-VA angle was observed in patients with posterior plaques (P<0.001) and caudal PIs (P<0.001). Greatest mid-BA angles were observed with lateral BA plaques (P=0.03) and middlelocated PIs (P=0.03). Conclusions Greater mid-BA angulation may enhance lateral plaque formation, causing lateral and middle PIs, whereas greater BA-VA angulation may enhance posterior plaque formation, causing paramedian or caudal PIs.

Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on Cyanide-induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Rat Cerebellar Granule Cells

Seong, yeon-Hee,Koh, Sang-Bum,Jo, Soon-Ok The Korean Society of Ginseng 2000 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.24 No.4

흰쥐 소뇌로부터 과립신경세포를 배양하여 NaCN으로 유도되는 신경세포손상에 대한 ginsenosides의 보호효과를 검토하였다. NaCN(I~10 M)을 배양된 세포에 1시간 동안 처리하면 농도 의존적으로 신경세포사를 일으켰다. Ginsenosides(Rb$_1$, Rc, Re, Ri, Rg$_1$)(0.5, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml를 세포에 전처치하면 10 mM NaCN으로 유도되는 세포사가 현저히 감소되었다. Rb$_1$과 Rc(5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)는 5 mM NaCN에 의하여 배양액 중으로 유리되는 glutamate의 증가를 현저히 억제하였으며, 1 mM N3CN에 의하여 유발되는 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$농도의 증가를 억제하였다. NaCN으로 유발되는 세포독성은 또한 MK-801, verapamil, NAME에 의하여도 억제되었다. 따라서, NaCN으로 유도되는 신경세포사는 glutamate release를 통한 NMDA수용체의 활성화와 그에 따른 $Ca^{2+}$의 세포내유입에 의한 것임을 알수 있고, ginsenosides, 특히 Rb$_1$과 Rc는 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입을 억제하므로서 NaCN에 의한 신경세포사를 억제하는 것으로 생각된다. Effects of ginsenosides on NaCN-induced neuronal cell death were studied in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. NaCN produced a concentration-dependent (1-10 mM) reduction of cell viability (measured by frypan blue exclusion test), that was blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (MK-801) and L-type Ca$\^$2+/ channel blocker (verapamil). Pretreatment with ginsenosides (Rb$_1$, Rc, Re, Rf and Rg$_1$) significantly decreased the neuronal cell death in a concentration range of 0.5∼5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Ginsenosides Rb$_1$ and Rc (5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by NaCN (5 mM). NaCN (1 mM)-induced increase of [Ca$\^$2+/], was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment of Rb$_1$ and Rc (5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). Other ginsenosides caused relatively little inhibition on the elevation of glutamate release and of (Ca$\^$2+/). These results suggest that the NaCN-induced neurotoxicity was related to a series of cell responses consisting of glutamate release and [Ca$\^$2+/]i elevation via glutamate (NMDA and kainate) receptors and resultant cell death, and that ginsenosides, especially Rb$_1$ and Rc, prevented the neuronal cell death by the blockade of the NaCN-induced Ca$\^$2+/influx.

Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenosides on Glutamate-Induced Swelling of Cultured Astrocytes

Seong, Yeon-Hee,Koh, Sang-Bum,Kim, Hack-Seang The Korean Society of Ginseng 2000 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.24 No.3

Effects of ginsenosides (Rb$_1$, Rb$_2$, Rc, Re, Rg$_1$, Rf) on L-glutamate (glutamate)-induced swelling of cultured astrocytes from rat brain cerebral cortex were studied. Following the exposure to 0.5mM glutamate for 1 hr, the intracellular water space (as measured by [$^3$H]O-methyl-D-glucose uptake) of astrocytes increased by about two-fold. Simultaneous addition of ginsenosides Rb$_2$ and Rc with glutamate reduced the astrocytic swelling in a dose-dependent manner. These ginsenosides at 0.5 mg/ml did not affect the viability of astrocytes for up to 24 hr which was determined by a colorimetric assay (MTT assay) for cellular growth and survival. These ginsenosides at 0.3 mg/ml inhibited the increase of intracellular Ca$\^$2+/ concentration ([Ca$\^$2+/]$\_$i/) induced by glutamate. These data suggest ginsenosides Rb$_2$ and Rc prevent the cell swelling of astrocytes induced by glutamate, maybe via inhibition of Ca$\^$2+/ influx. 흰쥐 대뇌겉질로부터 별아교세포를 배양하여 흥분성아미노산인 L-glutamate에 의하여 유발되는 세포종창(astrocytic swelling)에 대한 ginsenosides의 억제효과를 검토하였다. Glutamate(0.5 mM)를 세포에 가하고 1시간동안 배양하면 swelling을 일으켜, 세포내의 물의 용적([$^3$H]OMG의 uptake량으로 측정)은 대조세포에 비하여 약 2배의 증가를 나타냈다. Glutamate와 함께 ginsenosides Rb$_2$와 Rc를 가하고 배양하면 glutamate에 의한 astrocytic swelling이 용량의존적으로 감소하였다. 세포는 Rb$_2$와 Rc(0.5 mg/ml)에 24시간까지 노출시켜도 MTT reduction이 감소하지 않는 것으로 보아 이 ginsenosides에 의한 swelling의 억제효과는 세포막의 손상에 의한 것이 아님을 알 수 있었다. Rb$_2$와 Rc는 glutamate에 의한 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$농도의 상승을 억제하였다. 따라서 Rb$_2$와 Rc는Ca$^{2+}$의 유입을 억제하므로서 glutamate에 의한 astrocytic swelling을 억제하는 것으로 생각된다.

Effect of corticosteroid therapy in the early phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a propensity-matched cohort study

( Moon Seong Baek ),( Yunkyoung Lee ),( Sang-bum Hong ),( Chae-man Lim ),( Younsuck Koh ),( Jin Won Huh ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.1

Background/Aims: It is unclear whether corticosteroid use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) improves survival. This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of corticosteroids to patients in the early phase of moderate to severe ARDS is associated with improved outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data of patients who received corticosteroids within 7 days of the onset of ARDS between June 2006 and December 2015 at a single tertiary teaching hospital. A total of 565 patients admitted with moderate to severe ARDS were eligible. The outcomes of patients treated with methylprednisolone 40 to 180 mg/day or equivalent (n = 404) were compared to those who did not receive steroids (n = 161). The primary and secondary outcomes were 28- and 90-day mortality rates, respectively. Propensity scores were used to adjust for baseline covariates. Results: The overall mortality at 28 days was not significantly different between the corticosteroid-treated and control groups (43.8% vs. 41%, p = 0.541). At 90 days, the overall mortality rate was higher in the corticosteroid-treated group than in the control group (59.2% vs. 48.4%, p = 0.021). However, on propensity score matching, corticosteroid therapy was not associated with a higher 28-day mortality rate (odds ratio, 1.031; 95% confidence interval, 0.657 to 1.618; p = 0.895) and 90 days (odds ratio, 1.435; 95% confidence interval, 0.877 to 2.348; p = 0.151). Conclusions: Corticosteroid therapy was not associated with 28- or 90-day mortality in the early phase of moderate to severe ARDS on propensity score matching analysis.

SIIM 퍼지 PID 제어기를 이용한 3축 푸마 로봇의 경로 제어에 관한 연구

석홍성,채창현,고택범,김희년 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This paper describes the design of the Fuzzy PID controller using simplified indirect inference method. First, the fuzzy digital PID controller are derived from the conventional continuous time linear ones. Then the fuzzification, control-rule base, and defuzzification using SIIM in the design of the fuzzy digital controller are discussed in detail. The resulting controller is a discrete time fuzzy version of the conventional digital PID controller, which has the same linear structure, but are nonlinear functions of the input signals. The proposed controller enhances the self-tuning control capability, particularly when the process to be controlled is nonlinear. When the SIIM is applied, the fuzzy inference results can be calculated with splitting fuzzy variables into each action component and are determined as the functional form of corresponding variables. So the proposed method has the capability of the high speed inference and adapting with increasing the number of the fuzzy input variables easily. Computer simulation results have demonstrated the superior to the control performance of the conventional digital PID controller. Lastly, it is applied to the trajectory control of the PUMA robot with three-axis.

어린이, 청소년의 해부학과 임상 체험을 위한 안내서

정범선(Bum Sun Chung),고성배(Seong-bae Koh),박은미(Eun-mi Park),송미금(Mi-Geum Song),이서은(Seo-eun Lee),전태호(Tae-ho Jeon),조숙경(Sook-kyoung Cho),정민석(Min Suk Chung) 대한체질인류학회 2015 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.28 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 어린이, 청소년이 해부학과 임상을 체험하면서 의학, 나아가 생명과학에 관심을 갖게 만드는 것이다. 이를 위하여 컴퓨터로 사람 몸을 가상으로 체험할 수 있는 자료 (만화, 3차원영상, 2차원영상)와 임상 시술을 직접 체험할 수 있는 도구 (청진기, 혈압계, 손전등, 반사망치)를 어떻게 쓰는지 쉽게 풀이한 안내서를 만들었다. 과학관에 온 어린이, 청소년이 안내서에 따라서 해부학과 임상을 체험하였다. 즉 만화로 해부학을 익힌 다음에 각 구조물의 2차원영상, 3차원영상을 보았다. 이어서 임상 도구를 가지고 심장 소리를 듣고, 혈압을 재고, 동공반사와 무릎반사를 일으켰다. 이 연구를 통해서 어린이, 청소년이 해부학과 임상을 즐겁게 체험하는 것이 바람직하다는 것을 알았다. 이 안내서를 집, 과학관, 학교에서 더 잘 쓸 수 있도록 발전시킬 계획이다. The purpose of this study is to enable children and adolescents to experience anatomy and clinics. For the purpose, the ways to use the anatomy educational resources (comics, 3-dimensional images, and 2-dimensional images) and diagnostic tools (stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, pen light, and reflex hammer) were described in a guide book. Following the guide book, students experienced anatomy and clinics in a course of the science museum. They learned anatomy with the comics, then did virtual dissection with the 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional images. Sequentially, with the diagnostic tools, they listened to heart sound, measured blood pressure, and performed light reflex and knee jerk. Through this study, we have found that anatomy and clinics should be experienced pleasantly. The complimentary guide book is expected to be further improved in future, so as to achieve better experience at home, science museum, and school.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in Korean patients with intestinal Behcet’s disease: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) multicenter study

( Seung Bum Lee ),( Hee Seung Hong ),( Chang Kyun Lee ),( Bo-in Lee ),( Sol Kim ),( Seong-joon Koh ),( Hosun Yu ),( Jung-bin Park ),( Sung Wook Hwang ),( Byong Duk Ye ),( Suk-kyun Yang ),( Sang Hyoung 대한내과학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.38 No.5

Background/Aims: The short- and long-term effects of adalimumab (ADA) on Korean patients with intestinal Behcet’s disease (BD) for remain unclear. Therefore, a multicenter study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ADA in Korean patients with intestinal BD in a real-world setting. Methods: The medical records of 67 patients with BD prescribed ADA between January 2012 and December 2020 at five referral centers in Korea were retrospectively analyzed and the safety and efficacy of ADA within 52 weeks were assessed. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ADA, the Disease Activity Index for Intestinal BD (DAIBD) and representative blood biochemical markers were compared at 0, 12, 24, and 52 weeks of ADA treatment. Results: During the follow-up period of 52 weeks, 46 patients continued ADA treatment. The cumulative drug survival rate was 83.5%. The DAIBD score decreased over the study period (p < 0.001). Moreover, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum C-reactive protein levels, and serum albumin levels significantly improved at 12, 24, and 52 weeks of ADA treatment (all, p <0.05). Conclusions: As ADA is effective for refractory intestinal BD with few safety concerns in real-world situations, it is a potential treatment option for Korean patients with intestinal BD.

Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on Cyanide-induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Rat Cerebellar Granule Cells

Yeon Hee Seong,Sang Bum Koh,Soon Ok Jo 고려인삼학회 2000 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.24 No.4

The Development of Integrated Verification Equipment to spent Fuel

Byung Marn KOH,Jae Bum PARK,Seung Ho AHN,Ki Hyun KIM,Seong Youn JO 한국방사성폐기물학회 2013 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.11 No.2

만성 기능성 변비 환자에서 락툴로오스 제제가 대장 통과시간 및 증상 개선에 미치는 효과

이준성 ( Joon Seong Lee ),김영대 ( Yong Dae Kim ),임희혁 ( Hee Hyuk Im ),조영만 ( Young Man Cho ),정인섭 ( In Seop Jung ),고봉민 ( Bong Min Koh ),홍수진 ( Su Jin Hong ),유창범 ( Chang Bum Ryu ),김진오 ( Jin Oh Kim ),조주영 ( Joo Y 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2006 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.12 No.2

목적: 기능성 변비환자를 대상으로 락툴로오스 제제의 대장 운동능 개선효과 및 변비증상 개선효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 로마진단기준 II에 의한 만성 기능성 변비 환자 15명에서 대장통과 신티그래피를 시행한 후 7일간 락툴로오스 45-60 ㎖를 투여하고 다시 신티그래피 검사를 하여 약물 투여 전과 비교하였다. 환자는 매일 배변일기를 작성하였고, 순위척도 및 변형된 사각상사척도로 평가한 각 변바 증상의 정도 및 빈도 변화를 약물 투여 전후를 비교 검토하였다. 최종 치료 후 전반적인 변비 개선도에 대한 환자 자신의 평가를 시각상사척도로 시행하였다. 결과: 신티그래피에서 근위부 결장의 절반 배출시간은 40.5±22.0시간에서 약물 투여 중 32.2±14.5시간으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 그외 다른 지표에서 차이는 없었다. 대장통과지연형 변비환자 5명에서는 GC48 (2.61±0.61 vs. 3.43±1.04)가 약물투여로 유의한 증가를, 근위부 결장의 절반 배출 시간(63.5±23.2 vs. 38.9±20.1)과 상행 결장의 절반 배출시간(24.3±11.6 vs. 15.5±6.7)은 약물투여로 유의한 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 배변 횟수(3.8±l.3/w vs. 6.9±3.3/w), 대변 형태(변형된 Bristol 분류 2.5±0.6 vs. 4.5±1.1), 배변 과정 시 난이도(3.3±0.5 vs. 4.1±0.9)는 약물투여로 유의한 개선을 보였다(p<0.05). 배변시 과도한 힘주기, 배변시 항문이 막힌 느낌, 단단한 대변 횟수에 대한 증상의 빈도와 정도는 모두 약물 투여로 유의한 감소를 보였다 (p<0.05). 환자가 직접 주관적 판단에 의해 VAS로 평가한 변비증상의 전반개선률은 58±23%이였다. 결론: 락툴로오스는 가능성 변비환자의 대부분의 증상을 호전시키므로 효과적이고 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 약물로 생각한다. 특히 대장통과 지연형 환자에 있어서 이와 같은 증상의 호전은 대장 통과시간의 개선에 따른 것으로 생각한다. Background/Aims: We wanted to evaluate the effect of lactulose on the various symptoms of constipation and colon transit in patients suffering with functional constipation. Methods: Colon transit was measured by scintigraphy before and 1 week after lactulose treatment (45-60 ㎖/day) in 15 female patients with functional constipation. The frequency and severity of constipation symptoms were measured by using an ordinary scale and daily diaries. Results: There was no significant difference in the geometric centers before and after treatment. Only the t1/2 of the proximal colon tended to be shortened after treatment. In 5 patients with slow transit constipation, lactulose accelerated colonic transit at 48 hours (GC48: 2.6±0.6 vs. 3.4±1.0, p<0.05) and there was reduction of the t1/2 for proximal colonic emptying (63.5±23.2 h vs. 38.9±20.1 h, p<0.05). Lactulose increased stool frequency (3.8±1.3/wk vs. 6.9±3.3/wk, p<0.05), changed the form of the stool (p<0.05), facilitated passage of stool (p<0.01), and improved the frequency and severity of straining, the sensation of anorectal obstruction and the sensation of incomplete evacuation in 15 constipated patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Lactulose improved most of the constipation symptoms in the patients suffering with functional constipation. In the patients with slow transit constipation, these improvements of symptoms may be due to acceleration of the proximal colonic transit via lactulose. (Kor J Neuro-gastroenterol Motil 2006;12:127-135)