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Cytoplasmic destruction of p53 by the endoplasmic reticulum-resident ubiquitin ligase ‘Synoviolin’
Yamasaki, Satoshi,Yagishita, Naoko,Sasaki, Takeshi,Nakazawa, Minako,Kato, Yukihiro,Yamadera, Tadayuki,Bae, Eunkyung,Toriyama, Sayumi,Ikeda, Rie,Zhang, Lei,Fujitani, Kazuko,Yoo, Eunkyung,Tsuchimochi, K Wiley (John WileySons) 2007 The EMBO journal Vol.26 No.1
<P>Synoviolin, also called HRD1, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and is implicated in endoplasmic reticulum -associated degradation. In mammals, Synoviolin plays crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis and the pathogenesis of arthropathy. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Synoviolin in these actions. To clarify these issues, we analyzed the profile of protein expression in synoviolin-null cells. Here, we report that Synoviolin targets tumor suppressor gene p53 for ubiquitination. Synoviolin sequestrated and metabolized p53 in the cytoplasm and negatively regulated its cellular level and biological functions, including transcription, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Furthermore, these p53 regulatory functions of Synoviolin were irrelevant to other E3 ubiquitin ligases for p53, such as MDM2, Pirh2 and Cop1, which form autoregulatory feedback loops. Our results provide novel insights into p53 signaling mediated by Synoviolin.</P>
Genetic Quality Control of the Rat Strains at the National Bio Resource Project-Rat
Kuramoto, Takashi,Nakanishi, Satoshi,Yamasaki, Ken-ichi,Kumafuji, Kenta,Sakakibara, Yuichi,Neoda, Yuki,Takizawa, Akiko,Kaneko, Takehito,Otsuki, Mito,Hashimoto, Ryoko,Voigt, Birger,Mashimo, Tomoji,Seri Korean Society for Bioinformatics 2010 Interdisciplinary Bio Central (IBC) Vol.2 No.4
The National Bio Resource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat) comprises the largest bank of laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) strains in the world. Its main focus is to develop infrastructure that will facilitate the systematic collection, preservation, and provision of rat strains. To breed effectively more than 180 rat strains in living stock, we establish the genetic control system in which a systematic set of genetic diagnoses and genetic monitoring are included. Genetic monitoring is performed by using 20 polymorphic markers. Monitoring is carried out when a living animal stock is re-established by using cryopreserved embryos or sperm or when a rat strain is first introduced to the NBRP-Rat by a depositor. Additional monitoring is then carried out on each strain every two years. Genetic diagnosis is performed largely by employing the Amp-FTA method. Protocols which detail how to perform a genetic diagnosis of 11 transgenes and 24 mutations have been made. Among the mutations, nine can be detected by simple gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, 11 by restriction enzyme treatment of the PCR products, and four by direct PCR product sequencing. Using this genetic control system, the NBRP-Rat can guarantee the genetic quality of its rat strains.
Kazuhiko Mitsukuri,Masahumi Johkan,Satoshi Yamasaki,Takahiro Tezuka,Kei-ichiro Mishiba,Masayuki Oda 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.4
We attempted to establish a micropropagation system to increase the propagation efficiency of the epiphytic orchid Neofinetia falcata Hu. Explant materials used were shoot apexes, new stocks, scapes, leaves, and root tips taken from field-grown plants. The shoot apex was the most successful organ for the establishment of aseptic cultures. However, the cut surfaces of explants exuded browning compounds into the medium. The browning was prevented and bud formation was improved by dark-conditioning for two or three weeks in a shoot apex culture. To establish a sustainable micropropagation system using plantlets produced from the shoot apex culture, we investigated effects of dark-preconditioning, low temperature, and ascorbic acid on browning and bud formation. Explants derived from dark-preconditioned plantlets formed multiple buds, and did not produce browning compounds. Low temperature and ascorbic acid also prevented browning, but decreased survival ratio and bud formation. Additional low temperature or ascorbic acid treatments in addition to darkpreconditioning did not increase the survival ratio or bud formation as compared with the dark-preconditioning alone. These results show that N. falcata can be micropropagated by a shoot apex culture with two to three weeks of a dark-preconditioning treatment, and by repeated cultures of plantlets derived from shoot apex culture.
Wencheng, Li,Cho, Kichul,Yamasaki, Yasuhiro,Takeshita, Satoshi,Hwang, Kiju,Kim, Daekyung,Oda, Tatsuya Elsevier 2018 Aquatic toxicology Vol.201 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The dinoflagellate <I>Heterocapsa circularisquama</I> is highly toxic to bivalves. However, significant toxicity to finfish species has not been reported. We previously found that <I>H. circularisquama</I> has light-dependent haemolytic agents. Purification and chemical structural analyses revealed that the haemolytic agent H2-a is a porphyrin derivative, which exhibits light-dependent cytotoxicity toward tumour cells. To clarify the biological activity of H2-a further, its antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated in this study. A fraction (F5) equivalent to H2-a purified from the methanol extract of <I>H. circularisquama</I> showed potent light-dependent bactericidal activity toward <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, and the activity was concentration- and light illumination time-dependent; however, <I>Escherichia coli</I> was highly resistant to F5. Electron microscopic observation suggested that F5 induces morphological changes in <I>S. aureus</I> in a light-dependent manner. Further analysis using other bacterial species showed that the Gram-positive bacterium <I>Bacillus subtilis</I> was more sensitive than the Gram-negative bacteria <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> and <I>Vibrio alginolyticus</I>. These results indicate that F5 is a photo-induced antibacterial agent with relatively higher specificity to Gram-positive bacteria. Iodometric assay suggested that singlet oxygen was generated from light-illuminated F5. Histidine, a specific singlet oxygen scavenger, markedly inhibited the photosensitising antibacterial activity of F5 against <I>S. aureus</I>, suggesting the involvement of singlet oxygen in antibacterial activity. The antibacterial spectrum of F5 was evidently different from that of 5,10,15,20-tetra (<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-trimethylanilinium) porphyrin tetratosylate, a commercially available porphyrin compound with antibacterial activity. Our results demonstrate that <I>H. circularisquama</I> has a novel antibacterial photosensitiser, a porphyrin derivative, with relatively higher specificity to Gram-positive bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to discover a porphyrin derivative with antibacterial activity in marine microalga.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A porphyrin derivative (F5) with antibacterial activity was isolated from dinoflagellate <I>H. circularisquama</I>. </LI> <LI> F5 shows relatively higher specificity to Gram-positive bacteria such as <I>S. aureus</I>, but <I>E. coli</I> was highly resistant to F5. </LI> <LI> Antibacterial spectrum of F5 was evidently different from that of a commercially available porphyrin derivative. </LI> <LI> Singlet oxygen was detected in light-illuminated F5. </LI> <LI> Histidine, a singlet oxygen scavenger, inhibited the antibacterial activity of F5. </LI> </UL> </P>
( Ken Kojio ),( Shuhei Nozaki ),( Atsushi Takahara ),( Satoshi Yamasaki ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.4
Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) were synthesized using trans-1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (1,4- H6XDI), poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, 1,4-butanediol (BD), and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane (TMP). To control the molecular aggregation state and mechanical properties of these PUEs, hard segment contents of 20 and 30 wt% and BD/TMP ratios of 10/0 and 8/2 were chosen. Differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that the degree of microphase separation increased with an increase in both hard segment content and BD ratio. The Young’s modulus and strain at break of the 1,4-H6XDI-based PUE were 6-20 MPa and 5-15, respectively. Incorporation of 20% TMP as a cross-linking agent into BD increased the melting temperature of the hard segment chains, that is, heat resistance, and decreased the Young’s modulus. This could be due to the low density of the physical cross-linking network and the dispersion of hard segment chains in the soft segment matrix in the PUE in the presence of 20% TMP.
Kojio, Ken,Nozaki, Shuhei,Takahara, Atsushi,Yamasaki, Satoshi The Rubber Society of Korea 2019 ELASTOMERS AND COMPOSITES Vol.54 No.4
Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) were synthesized using trans-1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (1,4-H6XDI), poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, 1,4-butanediol (BD), and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane (TMP). To control the molecular aggregation state and mechanical properties of these PUEs, hard segment contents of 20 and 30 wt% and BD/TMP ratios of 10/0 and 8/2 were chosen. Differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that the degree of microphase separation increased with an increase in both hard segment content and BD ratio. The Young's modulus and strain at break of the 1,4-H6XDI-based PUE were 6-20 MPa and 5-15, respectively. Incorporation of 20% TMP as a cross-linking agent into BD increased the melting temperature of the hard segment chains, that is, heat resistance, and decreased the Young's modulus. This could be due to the low density of the physical cross-linking network and the dispersion of hard segment chains in the soft segment matrix in the PUE in the presence of 20% TMP.
Masahumi Johkan,Masayuki Oda,Kazuhiko Mitsukuri,Satoshi Yamasaki 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.3
The complete decapitation method (CDM), which regenerates multiple shoots from the cut surfaces of the main and lateral stems of plants grown in vivo, was reported as a new vegetative propagation method in tomato plants. The practical use of CDM, however, was restricted because of varietal and seasonal variations of the shoot regeneration. Therefore, we investigated the effect of etiolation at the cut ends of stems on the shoot regeneration to diminish the varietal and seasonal variations in CDM. Etiolation increased number of regenerated shoots in four tomato cultivars, and decreased variation coefficient of the values by 48% in comparison with unetiolation. Etiolation promoted shoot regeneration in five seasons, and variation coefficient of regenerated shoot number in the five seasons decreased by 33% in comparison with unetiolation. These results indicated that etiolation promoted shoot regeneration and diminished the varietal and seasonal variations of shoot regeneration, and made CDM applicable to practical use.