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이상조,조형성,고태영,이승협,정복현,전동렬 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1995 자연과학논문집 Vol.12 No.-
음극 바늘과 게이트를 결합시킨 전계 방출 소자에서 음극 바늘이 게이트의 중앙에 정렬되는 것이 중요하다.본 연구에서는 실리콘 전계 방출 소자를 다음과 같이 제작하여 음극 바늘이 게이트 중앙에 자동으로 정렬되게 하였다.실리콘 기판을 반응성 이온으로 식각하여 전계 방출 음극 바늘을 형성한 뒤 표면을 실리콘 산화막으로 덮는다. 산화막 위에 게이트 금속막을 증착하고 두꺼운 감광막으로 덮은 다음 감광막 표면을 플라즈마로 적당히 태워서 바늘을 덮고 있는 게이트 금속의 끝 부분을 노출시킨다. 노출된 게이트와 게이트밑의 산화막을 차례로 식각하여 실리콘 음극 바늘을 노출시킨 다음 표면에 남은 감광막을 제거하여 공정을 완료한다.제작된 소자는 35V의 게이트 전압에서 전계방출을 시작하였다. It is important to position a cathode tip at the center of a gate hole in a field emission triode. In this research, to achieve this goal, we used a method which aligns the tip and the gate hole automatically . The tip was formed by reactive ion etching of a n-type silicon wafer. To self -align the gate hole,thin films of silicon oxide insulator, gate metal, and photoresist were formed over the tip. The part of photoresist on top of the emiter tip was ashed out so that the gate metal and silicon oxide were etched away to expose the emitter tip. The current-voltage characteristic device was tested in high vacuum, from which we measured the onset voltage of 35 V.
음극이 자동 정렬된 화산형 초미세 실리콘 전계방출 소자 제작
고태영(Tae-Young Ko),이상조(Sanjo Lee),정복현(Bokeon Chung),조형석(Hunsuk Cho),이승협(Sunup Lee),전동렬(D. Jeon) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1996 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.5 No.2
음극 바늘과 게이트를 결합시킨 전계방출 소자에서 음극 바늘이 게이트 중앙에 정렬되는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 실리콘 전계방출 소자를 다음과 같이 제작하여 음극 바늘이 게이트 중앙에 자동으로 정렬되게 하였다. 실리콘 기판을 반응성 이온으로 식각하여 전계방출 음극 바늘을 형성한 뒤 표면을 실리콘 산화막으로 덮는다. 산화막 위에 게이트 금속막을 증착하고 두꺼운 감광막으로 덮은 다음 감광막 표면을 플라즈마로 적당히 태워서 바늘을 덮고 있는 게이트 금속의 끝 부분만 노출시킨다. 노출된 금속막과 게이트 밑의 산화막을 차례로 식각하여 실리콘 음극 바늘을 노출시킨 다음 표면에 남은 감광막을 제거하여 공정을 완료한다. 제작된 소자에서는 게이트 구멍이 화산의 분화구 모양이 되는데, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션은 화산형 게이트가 평면 게이트보다 전계방출에 유리함을 보여주었다. Aligning a cathode tip at the center of a gate hole is important in gated field emission devices. We have fabricated a silicon field emitter using a following process so that a cathode and a gate hole are automatically aligned. After forming silicon tips on a silicon wafer, the wafer was covered with the SiO₂, gate metal, and photoresistive(PR) films. Because of the viscosity of the PR film, a spot where cathode tips were located protruded above the surface. By ashing the surface of the PR film, the gate metal above the tip apex was exposed when other area was still covered with the PR film. The exposed gate metal and subsequently the SiO₂ layer were selectively etched. The result produced a field emitter in which the gate film was in volcano shape and the cathode tip was located at the center of the gate hole. Computer simulation showed that the volcano shape emitter emited higher current and the electron beam which was focused better than the emitter for which the gate film was flat.
Kuroda, Shinnosuke,Usui, Kimitsugu,Mori, Kohei,Yasuda, Kengo,Asai, Takuo,Sanjo, Hiroyuki,Yakanaka, Hiroyuki,Takeshima, Teppei,Kawahara, Takashi,Hamanoue, Haruka,Kato, Yoshitake,Miyoshi, Yasuhide,Uemur The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2018 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.45 No.1
We report the case of a 46-year-old Chinese male patient who visited our clinic complaining of infertility. Semen analysis revealed azoospermia, and azoospermia factor c region partial deletion (b1/b3) was detected using Y chromosome microdeletion analysis. Testicular sperm extraction was performed after genetic counseling. The bilateral ductus deferens and a portion of the epididymis were absent, whereas the remaining epididymis was expanded. Motile intratesticular spermatozoa were successfully extracted from the seminiferous tubule. On histopathology, nearly complete spermatogenesis was confirmed in almost every seminiferous tubule. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of b1/b3 deletion with a congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens and almost normal spermatogenesis.
Kuroda, Shinnosuke,Kondo, Takuya,Mori, Kohei,Yasuda, Kengo,Asai, Takuo,Sanjo, Hiroyuki,Yakanaka, Hiroyuki,Takeshima, Teppei,Kawahara, Takashi,Kato, Yoshitake,Miyoshi, Yasuhide,Uemura, Hiroji,Iwasaki, The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2018 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.45 No.1
Onco-testicular sperm extraction is used to preserve fertility in patients with bilateral testicular tumors and azoospermia. We report the case of a testicular tumor in the solitary testis of a patient who had previously undergone successful contralateral orchiectomy and whose sperm was preserved by onco-testicular sperm extraction. A 35-year-old patient presented with swelling of his right scrotum that had lasted for 1 month. His medical history included a contralateral orchiectomy during childhood. Ultrasonography revealed a mosaic echoic area in his scrotum, suggesting a testicular tumor. The lesion was palpated within the normal testicular tissue along its edge and semen analysis showed azoospermia. Radical inguinal orchiectomy and onco-testicular sperm extraction were performed simultaneously. Motile spermatozoa were extracted from normal seminiferous tubules under microscopy and were frozen. Eventual intracytoplasmic sperm injection using the frozen spermatozoa is planned. Onco-testicular sperm extraction is an important fertility preservation method in patients with bilateral testicular tumors or a history of a previous contralateral orchiectomy.
Kang, Jina,Shin, Dong Wook,Choi, Ji Eun,Sanjo, Makiko,Yoon, Soo Jin,Kim, Hwan Kyun,Oh, Myoung Suk,Kwen, Hyang Suk,Choi, Hae Young,Yoon, Wook Hee John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2013 PSYCHOONCOLOGY Vol.22 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>We examined factors associated with positive consequences for family members who served as caregivers of terminal cancer patients.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional survey of 501 bereaved family members who served as caregivers for terminal cancer patients. The main outcomes were measured by the previously developed Caregiving Consequences Inventory, which assesses perceived rewards and burdens of caregiving.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Bereaved family caregivers reported high levels of perceived rewards and burden. Among the characteristics of bereaved family members, older age, female gender, and having a religion were associated with some domains of perceived rewards, but being a spouse of a patient was negatively associated with some domains of perceived rewards. Caregiver depression or perceived burden did not affect positive consequences of caregiving. However, receiving bereavement care was significantly associated with positive outcome in all four perceived reward domains (sense of mastery [adjusted odds ratio {aOR} = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05–2.70]; appreciation for others [aOR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.27−3.76]; meaning in life [aOR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.13–2.89]; and reprioritization about his/her life [aOR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.27–3.19]).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Family caregivers of terminal cancer patients experience burdens, but caregiving also has positive consequences. This study has important implications for the development of bereavement interventions that aim to encourage positive outcomes and reduce negative outcomes for caregivers.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>