Korean Dictionaries and Some Model Dictionaries of the World : Critical Essays toward the Plan for a New Korean Dictionary

Lee, Sang Sup,Nam, Ki Shim,Ahn, Sam Huan,Choi, Young Ai,Hong, Chai Song 연세대학교 언어정보개발원 1988 사전편찬학 연구 Vol.1 No.1

After briefly reviewing the history of lexcoigraphy in modem Korea, Nam Kishim tackles many problems created by the general deficiency of current Korean monolingual dictionaries in phonological morphological and semantic points. For example, most Korean dictionaries do not treat such phonological changes as the shortening of the stem vowel ㅓ in 더운, the prenominal form of the adjective 덥다, whose stem vowel ㅓ is pronounced long. He also takes issue with the practice of Korean dictionaries of including all kinds of proper names on little reliable principles : a typical dictionary enters a 600m-high hill while excluding better-known mountains higher than that. Hong Chai-song concentrates on the often misguiding information on transitive / intransitive verbs in current dictionaries. For example, a representative dictionary designates the verb 뛰다 simply as intransitive. But it is quite often used as an transitive also. In the sentence, 철수는 운동장을 뛰었다, 운동장 is the object of the transitive verb 뛰다. How could the compilers miss such an obvious fact? Hong suggests that they may have not been interested in being grammatically informative. A historical survey of the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is given by Lee Sang-sup, with special emphasis on the vast amount of quotations from real sources contributed by thousands of volunteer readers through several decades and on its unwavering historical principle. A comparison between the OED's definition of Kimchi and a Korean dictionary's 김치 is given, showing the difference of principle in treating the same lexical item. Ahn Sam-huan presents a detailed account of Grimm's Deutsches Wo¨rterbuch which took generations of German lexicographers 133 years from its inception to its completion in 1971. On the basis of his study, Ahn suggests that future dictionary makers should cooperate as a group on a long-range comprehensive project. A moltivolume dictionary is an all-important cultural event for the whole nation, not to be influenced by private commercial interests. Choi Young-ai's survey of Chinese lexicography highlights the now on-going publication of 漢語字典 and 漢語詞典, admirable results of the cooperative effort of hundreds of Chinese scholars, a modus operandi for the Yonsei University graze to adopt in planning a new dictionary of the Korean language.

약년자 폐암의 임상적 관찰

유빈(Bin Yoo),정희순(Hee Soon Chung),한성구(Sung Koo Han),심영수(Young Soo Shim),김건열(Keun Youl Kim),한용철(Yong Chol Han) 대한내과학회 1987 대한내과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

N/A Carcinoma of the lung is generally considered as a disease of middle age and elderly. But lung cancer is now so prevalent that patients below the age of 40 years must be increaseing. We reviewed the records of 483 lung cancer patients who had been diagnosed in the department of internal medicine of Seoul National University Hospital from March 1984 to February 1986, and the clinical features of the young patients under 40 years were compared with those of the control group patients over 40 years. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Seven percent of 34 cases of 483 patients were belong to the young age group patients (less than 40 years). The youngest patient was 22 years old. 2) Male to female ratios of young group and the control group were 3.25:1, 5.9:1 respectively (p>0.05). 3) The mean duration of symptoms from the onset to the definite diagnosis was 2.7 months in young group and 2.3 months in the control group (p>0.3). 4) The most common initial symptoms in the young group were dyspnea (26.5%), hemoptysis (20.5%), cough or sputum (20.5/), chest pain (8.8%) which were also the most common initial symptoms in the control group. (p>0.25) The incidence of superior vena cava syndrome was significantly higher in the young age group (23.5%) than in the control group (7.1%) (p<0.05). 5) In the young group, the proportion of adenocarcinoma (35%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (18%) (p<0.05). 6) The proportion of smoker was significantly lower in the young age group (13 cases, 38.2%) than in the control group (77.7%). The histological type of 13 smokers of the young group was squamous cell carcinoma in 12 cases and adenocarcinoma in 1 case. 7) All non-small cell lung cancer patients in young group were belong to stage III. 8) Distant metastasis rate of the young group (74%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (54.8%) (p<0.05).

Epidermal growth factor receptor is involved in clusterin-induced astrocyte proliferation

Shim, Young-Jun,Shin, Yong-Jae,Jeong, Seong-Yun,Kang, Sang-Wook,Kim, Byeong-Moo,Park, In-Sun,Min, Bon-Hong Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 NEUROREPORT - Vol.20 No.4

We previously reported that clusterin enhances astrocyte proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. It, however, remains largely unknown how clusterin promotes cell growth. Here, we investigate the signaling pathway and related molecules underlying astrocyte proliferation by clusterin. Exogenous clusterin stimulates Ras-dependent Raf-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK activation. Clusterin-induced astrocyte proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were abrogated by either AG1478 (an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) or EGFR small interfering RNA. Furthermore, clusterin treatment provoked tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR (pY), which was also blocked by AG1478. These results suggest that clusterin requires EGFR activation to deliver its mitogenic signal through the Ras/Raf-1/MEK/ERK signaling cascade in astrocytes.

Simulation Study of Circumstantial Factors on Behavior of Amyloid Peptide in Alzheimer's Disease

Shim, Mi Ja,Kim, Sang Wook,Song, Young Wook 한국공업화학회 2001 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.7 No.1

The effects of circumstantial factors on β-amyloid peptide (β-AP) behavior, penetration, and aggregation were studied using cellular automata (CAs). To identify the mechanisms and relationships between the factors and the resulting behavior, β-AP was simulated using over-critical, and under-critical conditions. In the case of the simulation using over-critical conditions, the a -AP penetrated and aggregated on the surface of the lipid membrane. However, when β-AP was simulated using under-critical conditions, it did not aggregate but only penetrated the surface of the lipid membrane. From the simulation results, circumstantial factors such as pH, oligomer concentration, and solubility were all found to have an important effect on β-AP behavior.

Simulation of Mutation and Cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein ( APP ) Using Cellular Automata ( CAs )

Shim, Mi Ja,Kim, Sang Wook,Song, Young Wook 한국공업화학회 2001 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.7 No.3

Alzheimer's disease (AD) advances in stages, from an early, mild forgetfulness to severe dementia on the histopathological level, AD is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques throughout the parenchyma of the brain, as well as amyloid deposits in the cerebral vasculature. According to many researchers, β-amyloid peptide (βAP) is one of the causes of AD. βAP is formed by the endoproteolysis of APP, a large type transmembrane protein. This study simulated amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing based on mutations and cleavages in the βAP domain using cellular automata (CAs). In the APP processing simulation, mutations occurred in the βAP domain within the transmembrane domain of APP. In addition, we observed the generation of βAP by the cleaving of β- and γ-secretases. From these results, it was confirmed that βAP was formed by the mutations and cleavages of APP.

Microfluidic gut-on-a-chip with three-dimensional villi structure

Shim, Kyu-Young,Lee, Dongwook,Han, Jeonghun,Nguyen, Nam-Trung,Park, Sungsu,Sung, Jong Hwan Springer-Verlag 2017 BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES Vol.19 No.2

<P>Current in vitro gut models lack physiological relevance, and various approaches have been taken to improve current cell culture models. For example, mimicking the three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure or fluidic environment has been shown to improve the physiological function of gut cells. Here, we incorporated a collagen scaffold that mimics the human intestinal villi into a microfluidic device, thus providing cells with both 3D tissue structure and fluidic shear. We hypothesized that the combined effect of 3D structure and fluidic shear may provide cells with adequate stimulus to induce further differentiation and improve physiological relevance. The physiological function of our '3D gut chip' was assessed by measuring the absorptive permeability of the gut epithelium and activity of representative enzymes, as well as morphological evaluation. Our results suggest that the combination of fluidic stimulus and 3D structure induces further improvement in gut functions. Our work provides insight into the effect of different tissue environment on gut cells.</P>

Chronic alcohol consumption induces migration of IL-1R2+ monocytes from the bone marrow into the liver by neuro-immunologic pathway

Young-Ri Shim,Hee-Hoon Kim,Keungmo Yang,Tom Ryu,Kyurae Kim,Sung Eun Choi,Minjeong Kim,Chae-Rin Woo,Young-Sun Lee,Won-Il Jeong 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Liver is challenged by diverse detrimental substances through multiple metabolic processes, but it is less prone to inflammation. In chronic alcohol consumption, although the migration of monocytes from bone marrow (BM) into liver is increased, alcoholic hepatitis rarely occurs. Thus, we investigated the sub-population of liver macrophages showing anti-inflammatory roles through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) after chronic EtOH-feeding. Interestingly, in scRNA-seq and flow cytometry analyses of hepatic macrophages, the phenotype of Ly6Clow (anti-inflammatory) cells was dramatically altered by ethanol intake. In particular, they were highly expressed interleukin-1 type II receptor (IL-1R2), a decoy receptor of IL-1β. Intriguingly, IL-1R2+ Ly6Clow macrophages showed decreased CX3CR1 expression, which was confirmed not only in the liver, but also BM and blood, suggesting monocytes from BM affected by ethanol might migrate into the liver. We found that the Leptin Receptor+ mesenchymal stromal cells (LepR+ MSCs), which were located around blood vessels expressing CX3CL1 to hold CX3CR1+ macrophages, could express alcohol dehydrogenase to metabolize ethanol in BM. Ethanol metabolism in LepR+ MSCs was induced both production of chemokines (CXCL9 and 10) and the excretion of glutamate via cystine-glutamate anti-porter xCT to recruit and activate the CXCR3+ BM NK cells to produce interferon-γ in a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-dependent manner. Indeed, IFN-γ production was significantly decreased in EtOH-fed mice when we depleted mGluR5 in NK cells. In turn, NK cell-derived IFN-γ down-regulated CX3CR1 expression in BM Ly6Clow monocytes, consequently induced egress of Ly6Clow monocytes into the blood and migration into the liver to suppress alcoholic inflammation. In conclusion, glutamate of LepR+ MSCs imposed egress license on anti-inflammatory IL-1R2+ Ly6Clow monocytes through NK cell-derived IFN-γ-mediated suppression of CX3CR1, suggesting a potential therapeutic inter-organ crosstalk between BM and liver in alcoholic liver disease.

Rhodamine Cyclen-based Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Cd²⁺

Shim, So-Young,Tae, Jin-Sung Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.suppl8

A chemosensor based on a rhodamine-hydroxamate platform containing a pyridine and a cyclen binding units has been developed for the detection of $Cd^{2+}$ in aqueous solutions. The probe responds selectively toward $Cd^{2+}$ over other biologically relevant metal ions. The fluorescent probe shows 1:1 binding stoichiometry and the detection limit for $Cd^{2+}$ in water proved to be as low as 25 nM.

Chitosan nano-/microfibrous double-layered membrane with rolled-up three-dimensional structures for chondrocyte cultivation

Shim, In Kyong,Suh, Won Hee,Lee, Sang Young,Lee, Sang Hoon,Heo, Seong Joo,Lee, Myung Chul,Lee, Seung Jin Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a90 No.2

<P>With an aim to mimic natural extracellular matrix, we fabricated the nano- and microfibrous matrix with chitosan by electrospinning nanofibers onto predefined microfibrous mesh for effective chondrocytes cultivation. Rolling the double-layered nano-/microfibrous membranes produced three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds that exhibited the interconnected open pore structure in their scanning electron microscopy images. In vitro chondrocyte culture experiment showed that this nano-/microfibrous 3-D matrix provided a significantly greater microenvironment for chondrocytes to proliferate and produce glycosaminoglycan as compared with only microfibrous 3-D matrix. This difference could be explained by the result on 2-D membrane, where chitosan nanofibrous surface substantially facilitated the cellular attachment and proliferation, and efficiently prevented phenotypic changes of chondrocytes, when compared with chitosan microfibrous membrane and film. In this regard, the nano-/microfibrous 3-D matrix we fabricated in this study would possess a great potential as a system for effective chondrocyte cultivation and also for application to cartilage regeneration therapy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009</P>

The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder 2021: Comparisons with Other Treatment Guidelines

Young Sup Woo,Won-Myong Bahk,Jeong Seok Seo,Young-Min Park,Won Kim,Jong-Hyun Jeong,Se-Hoon Shim,Jung Goo Lee,Seung-Ho Jang,Chan-Mo Yang,Sheng-Min Wang,Myung Hun Jung,Hyung Mo Sung,Il Han Choo,Bo-Hyun 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.1

The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) first was published in 2002, and has been revised four times, in 2006, 2012, 2017, and 2021. In this review, we compared recommendations from the recently revised KMAP-DD 2021 to four global clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for depression published after 2010. The recommendations from the KMAP-DD 2021 were similar to those from other CPGs, although there were some differences. The KMAP-DD 2021 reflected social culture and the healthcare system in Korea and recent evidence about pharmacotherapy for depression, as did other recently published evidence-based guidelines. Despite some intrinsic limitations as an expert consensus-based guideline, the KMAP-DD 2021 can be helpful for Korean psychiatrists making decisions in clinical settings by complementing previously published evidence-based guidelines, especially for some clinical situations lacking evidence from rigorously designed clinical trials.