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Kinetics of Cr/Mo-rich Precipitates Formation for 25Cr-6.9Ni-3.8Mo-0.3N Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Sang-Ho Byun,강남현,Tae-Ho Lee,Sang-Kon Ahn,Hae Woo Lee,Woong-Seong Chang,조경목 대한금속·재료학회 2012 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.18 No.2
The amount and composition of Cr-rich (σ) and Mo-rich (χ) precipitates in super duplex stainless steels was analyzed. An isothermal heat treatment was conducted at temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 1000 °C for up to 10 days. A time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram was constructed for the mixture of σ and χ phases. The mixture of the σ and χ phases exhibited the fastest rate of formation at approximately 900 °C. Minor phases, such as Cr2N, M23C6, and M7C3, were also detected using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, a continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram was constructed for the mixture of σ and χ phases using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. Compared with the known CCT dia-gram of the σ phase, this study revealed faster kinetics with an order of magnitude difference and a new CCT diagram was also developed for a mixture of σ and χ phases. The calculated fraction of σ and χphases obtained at a cooling speed of 0.5 °C/s was in good agreement with the experimental data.
Anti-Sm is associated with the outcome of lupus nephritis
( Sung Soo Ahn ),( Byung-woo Yoo ),( Jung Yoon Pyo ),( Se-jin Byun ),( Jason Jungsik Song ),( Yong-beom Park ),( Soo-kon Lee ),( Sang-won Lee ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.1
Introduction: Anti-Sm is one of items of the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, its role in the disease course or its significant clinical relevance in lupus nephritis still remains uncertain. We investigated whether anti-Sm is associated with the outcome of lupus nephritis in patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis during the follow-up period. Materials and Methods: One hundred-forty nine patients with lupus nephritis who had undergone kidney biopsy were screened, and 90 patients were enrolled and analyzed from January 2005 to December 2014. In addition to anti-Sm, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), laboratory results, lupus nephritis classes was assessed. The association between anti-Sm and the patients’renal function, proteinuria and use of immunosuppressive agent was assessed. Immunosuppressive agent was defined as cyclophos-phamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, cyclosporine. Their usages were counted when patients had received them for at least 3 months. Only patients who had been followed up for over 6 months after kidney biopsy was included. Results: The median age at kidney biopsy performance was 32.0 years and median follow up duration after biopsy was 33.0 months (range 6.0 109.8). Anti-Sm was found in 44 of 90 patients (48.8%), and kidney biopsy revealed that class IV (46.6%, 42 of 90) was the most frequently observed. Although anti-Sm was not associated with deterioration of renal function and proteinuria, it (p=0.022) was significantly associated with the use of immunosuppressive agent along with age (p=0.027) and high SLEDAI (p=0.007). Multivariate analysis still revealed the use of immunosuppressive agent was associated with anti-Sm (OR 2.870, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.033, 7.976, p=0.043), age (OR 0.958, 95% CI, 0.923-0.994, p=0.023) and SLEDAI (OR 1.185, 95% CI, 1.023, 1.373, p=0.024). Conclusions: In biopsy-proven lupus nephritis patients, presence of anti-Sm was independently associated with the use of immunosuppressive agent. Our findings indicated that anti-Sm may be one of the useful markers for the outcome of lupus nephritis.
Ahn Dong-Won,Lee Sang Hyub,Choi Jin Ho,Cho In Rae,Jang Dong Kee,Paik Woo Hyun,Jeong Ji Bong,Ryu Ji Kon,Kim Yong-Tae 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims: The optimal duration and interval of follow-up for cystic lesions of the pancreas (CLPs) is not well established. This study was performed to investigate the optimal duration and interval of follow-up for CLPs in clinical practice. Methods: Patients with CLPs without worrisome features or high-risk stigmata underwent followup with computed tomography at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and then every 12 months thereafter. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. Results: A total of 227 patients with CLPs detected from 2000 to 2008 (mean initial diameter, 1.3±0.6 cm) underwent follow-up for a median of 120 months. Twenty-two patients (9.7%) underwent surgery after a median of 47.5 months. Malignancies developed in four patients (1.8%), one within 5 years and three within 10 years. One hundred and fourteen patients (50.2%) were followed up for more than 10 years. No malignancy developed after 10 years of follow-up. During surveillance, 37 patients (16.3%) experienced progression to surgical indication. In patients with CLPs less than 2 cm in diameter, development of surgical indications did not occur within 24 months of follow-up. Conclusions: CLPs should be continuously monitored after 5 years because of the persistent potential for malignant transformation of CLPs. An interval of 24 months for initial follow-up might be enough for CLPs with initial size of less than 2 cm in clinical practice.
Ga Ordering and ElectricalConductivity in Nanotwinand Superlattice-Structured Ga-Doped ZnO
Yoon, Sang-Won,Seo, Jong-Hyun,Seong, Tae-Yeon,Yu, Tae Hwan,You, Yil Hwan,Lee, Kon Bae,Kwon, Hoon,Ahn, Jae-Pyoung American ChemicalSociety 2012 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.12 No.3
<P>We have investigated the Ga-ordering controlled by structural changes from nanotwin to superlattice in Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) targets for transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and discussed the distribution effect of Ga atoms on electrical conductivities of GZOs. The nanotwin and superlattice structures were preferentially formed by Ga-doping and sintering at high temperature. The relative fraction of nanotwin increased above transition concentration (TC approximate to 5.6 wt % Ga). Here, we found that Ga atoms at nanotwin are distributed as clustered and disordered states, while they are completely ordered in superlattice. Ultimately, the superlattice leads to high electrical conductivity in GZOs rather than the nanotwin.</P>
The Effects of Nitrogen Bonding on Hardness of AlN/CrN Multilayer Hard Coatings
Yoon, Sang-Won,Seo, Jong-Hyun,Chae, Keun-Hwa,Park, Jong-Keuk,Song, Jong-Han,Jayaram, Vickram,Lee, Kon-Bae,Seong, Tae-Yeon,Hoon-Kwon, .,Ahn, Jae-Pyoung American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.2