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Yoo, Gursong,Yoo, Youngmin,Kwon, Jong-Hee,Darpito, Cornelius,Mishra, Sanjiv K.,Pak, Kwanyong,Park, Min S.,Im, Sung Gap,Yang, Ji-Won The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.16 No.1
<P>For energy-efficient extraction of biomass from microalgae, it is essential to extract the intracellular lipid directly from wet microalgae without drying the microalgal biomass. In this work, a novel, highly efficient cell disruption process was devised using a functional membrane coated with a cationic polymer. The proposed mechanism of cell disruption involves the perturbation of the local electrostatic equilibrium of the amphiphilic microalgal cell membrane caused by the direct contact with the tertiary-amine cations on the surface of the membrane. A <I>tert</I>-amine-containing polymer, poly-dimethylaminomethylstyrene (pDMAMS) film was conformally deposited on a nylon membrane by a vapor-phase polymerization process, termed as initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). For the wet extraction with this membrane, the pDMAMS-coated membrane was immersed in a microalgal culture of <I>Aurantiochytrium</I> sp. KRS101. The microalgal culture was simply shaken together with the membrane to prompt the contact with the pDMAMS-coated membrane. With this ultimately simple procedure, the bursting of cells was clearly observed. Surprisingly, by this simple, energy-efficient process, a significantly high disruption yield of 25.6 ± 2.18% was achieved. The membrane-based extraction process is highly desirable in that (1) the process does not require an energy-consuming drying procedure, and (2) the proposed cell disruption method with a functional membrane is extremely simple and highly efficient.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>For energy-efficient extraction of biomass from microalgae, it is essential to extract the intracellular lipid directly from wet microalgae without drying the microalgal biomass. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3gc41695j'> </P>
Two cases of familial cerebral cavernous malformation caused by mutations in the CCM1 gene
Im-Yong Yang,Mi-Sun Yum,김은희,Hae-Won Choi,Han-Wook Yoo,Tae Sung Ko 대한소아청소년과학회 2016 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.59 No.6
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a vascular malformation characterized by abnormally enlarged capillary cavities without any intervening neural tissue. We report 2 cases of familial CCMs diagnosed with the CCM1 mutation by using a genetic assay. A 5-year-old boy presented with headache, vomiting, and seizure-like movements. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple CCM lesions in the cerebral hemispheres. Subsequent mutation analysis of his father and other family members revealed c.940_943 del (p.Val314 Asn315delinsThrfsX3) mutations of the CCM1 gene. A 10-month-old boy who presented with seizure-like movements was reported to have had no perinatal event. His aunt was diagnosed with cerebral angioma. Brain and spine MRI revealed multiple angiomas in the cerebral hemisphere and thoracic spinal cord. Mutation analysis of his father was normal, although that of the patient and his mother revealed c.535C>T (p.Arg179X) mutations of the CCM1 gene. Based on these studies, we suggest that when a child with a familial history of CCMs exhibits neurological symptoms, the physician should suspect familial CCMs and consider brain imaging or a genetic assay.
Smallest-Small-World Cellular Harmony Search for Optimization of Unconstrained Benchmark Problems
Im, Sung Soo,Yoo, Do Guen,Kim, Joong Hoon Hindawi Limited 2013 Journal of applied mathematics (JAM) Vol.2013 No.-
<P>We presented a new hybrid method that combines cellular harmony search algorithms with the Smallest-Small-World theory. A harmony search (HS) algorithm is based on musical performance processes that occur when a musician searches for a better state of harmony. Harmony search has successfully been applied to a wide variety of practical optimization problems. Most of the previous researches have sought to improve the performance of the HS algorithm by changing the pitch adjusting rate and harmony memory considering rate. However, there has been a lack of studies to improve the performance of the algorithm by the formation of population structures. Therefore, we proposed an improved HS algorithm that uses the cellular automata formation and the topological structure of Smallest-Small-World network. The improved HS algorithm has a high clustering coefficient and a short characteristic path length, having good exploration and exploitation efficiencies. Nine benchmark functions were applied to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Unlike the existing improved HS algorithm, the proposed algorithm is expected to have improved algorithmic efficiency from the formation of the population structure.</P>
Developmental Transcriptomic Features of the Carcinogenic Liver Fluke, <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>
Yoo, Won Gi,Kim, Dae-Won,Ju, Jung-Won,Cho, Pyo Yun,Kim, Tae Im,Cho, Shin-Hyeong,Choi, Sang-Haeng,Park, Hong-Seog,Kim, Tong-Soo,Hong, Sung-Jong Public Library of Science 2011 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.5 No.6
<▼1><P><I>Clonorchis sinensis</I> is the causative agent of the life-threatening disease endemic to China, Korea, and Vietnam. It is estimated that about 15 million people are infected with this fluke. <I>C. sinensis</I> provokes inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and periductal fibrosis in bile ducts, and may cause cholangiocarcinoma in chronically infected individuals. Accumulation of a large amount of biological information about the adult stage of this liver fluke in recent years has advanced our understanding of the pathological interplay between this parasite and its hosts. However, no developmental gene expression profiles of <I>C. sinensis</I> have been published. In this study, we generated gene expression profiles of three developmental stages of <I>C. sinensis</I> by analyzing expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Complementary DNA libraries were constructed from the adult, metacercaria, and egg developmental stages of <I>C. sinensis</I>. A total of 52,745 ESTs were generated and assembled into 12,830 <I>C. sinensis</I> assembled EST sequences, and then these assemblies were further categorized into groups according to biological functions and developmental stages. Most of the genes that were differentially expressed in the different stages were consistent with the biological and physical features of the particular developmental stage; high energy metabolism, motility and reproduction genes were differentially expressed in adults, minimal metabolism and final host adaptation genes were differentially expressed in metacercariae, and embryonic genes were differentially expressed in eggs. The higher expression of glucose transporters, proteases, and antioxidant enzymes in the adults accounts for active uptake of nutrients and defense against host immune attacks. The types of ion channels present in <I>C. sinensis</I> are consistent with its parasitic nature and phylogenetic placement in the tree of life. We anticipate that the transcriptomic information on essential regulators of development, bile chemotaxis, and physico-metabolic pathways in <I>C. sinensis</I> that presented in this study will guide further studies to identify novel drug targets and diagnostic antigens.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><I>Clonorchis sinensis</I> is a significant pathogen that causes clonorchiasis, which is endemic to East Asian countries. This fluke provokes acute inflammation and chronic hyperplasic changes in the biliary tracts. <I>C. sinensis</I> promotes cholangiocarcinoma, and has been classified as a Group 1 biological carcinogen, alongside <I>Opisthorchis viverrini</I>, by the World Health Organization. Recently, transcriptomes for adult liver flukes have been reported with the molecular functionalities predicted on the bases of their transcriptomic data sets. We generated the developmental <I>C. sinensis</I> transcriptome for three different developmental stages, revealing that most functional genes were differentially expressed in each developmental stage; only a small proportion of the expressed genes were shared between the three stages. The developmental transcriptome describes the gene expression landscapes of <I>C. sinensis</I> adults, metacercariae, and eggs, and provides insight into how this fluke adapts to the distinctly different environments provided by its various hosts. We anticipate that the transcriptome will contribute significantly to the identification of intervention points along the developmental stages and allow the exploitation of novel potential targets for diagnostic, drug, and vaccine development purposes.</P></▼2>
Synthesis of Pilocarpine Analogs via Radical Cyclization
Yoo, Sung-Eun,Kang Im, Myeong-Nyeo,Cho, Inho 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.17 No.-
Pilocarpine analogs were prepared by empoying a radical cyclization reaction as a key step for the five-membered ring formation.
( Sang Im Lee ),( Santhosh Kumar ),( Nagayya Sriraman ),( Srinivasan Shanmugam ),( Rengarajan Baskaran ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Sang Kwon Yoon ),( Han Gon Choi ),( Bong Kyu Yoo ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.2
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of charge carrier lipid on the skin penetration, retention, and hair growth of topically applied finasteride-containing liposomes. Finasteride-containing liposomes were prepared by traditional thin film hydration method using Phospholipon(R) 85 G and cholesterol with or without charge carrier lipid (1,2 dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 1,2-dioleoyl-trimethylammonium-propane for anionic and cationic charge, respectively). Freshly prepared finasteride-containing liposome suspension was applied on the hairless mouse skin, and skin penetration and retention were measured using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. Non-liposomal formulation (ethanol 10% solution containing 0.5 mg/ml of FNS) was also used as a control. The amount of finasteride in the diffusion cell and mouse skin was measured by HPLC. The hair growth was evaluated using depilated male C57BL/6N mice. Mean particle size of all finasteride-containing liposomes was less than a micron, and polydispersity index revealed size homogeneity. Skin penetration and retention studies showed that significantly less amount of finasteride was penetrated when applied as anionic liposome while more amount of the drug was retained. Specifically, in liposome prepared with 10% anionic charge carrier lipid, penetration was 12.99 μg/cm2 while retention was 79.23 μg/cm2 after 24 h of application. In hair growth study, finasteride-containing anionic liposomes showed moderate efficacy, but the efficacy was not found when applied as cationic liposomes. In conclusion, topical application of finasteride using anionic liposome formulation appears to be useful option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia to avoid systemic side effects of the drug.