정상 한국인에서 연령증가에 따른 혈장 Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate ( DHEA-S ) 농도 및 DHEA - S / cortisol 비의 변화

박성우,유형준,임성희,최문기,유재명,박민숙,이권엽,박철수,김철홍,김현규,김두만,박규용 대한내분비학회 1997 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.12 No.2

Backgroud: DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulation, and primarily secreted from the adrenal cortex, but its physiological role is little known. One of the characteristic features of DHEA-S is progressive decrement of plasma DHEA-S level with advancing age, in contrast, plasma levels of other adrenal hormones are not chaging or littie decreasing. To grasp the trends of plasma DHEA-S level and DHEA-S/cortisol ratio by age in healthy Korean, we measured the plasma DHEA-S levels and DHEA-S/cortisol ratios in healthy Korean. Methods: Healthy Korean(men: 99, women: 102, age range: 15-97 year old)were studied. Subjects were not taking drugs(such as glucocorticoid or androgenic medication) or cigarettes known to modify the plasma level of DHEA-S and cortisol, and had no evidence of hepatic, renal disease or hyperlipidemia as determined by serum lipid, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, creatinine. Data were analyzed by 10-year age group for men and women: i.e, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40- 49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90 year or more. Plasma DHEA-S levels were measured by using a commercially available RIA kit with 125I labeled-DHEA-SO4(Coat-A Count DHEA-SO4), and for the measurement of plasma cortisol levels, commercial Gamma Coat TM[125I] Cortisol Radioimmunassay Kit was used. Results:. 1) In both men and women, plasma DHEA-S level showed high interindividual variation within the same age group. 2) There were individual sex differences in plasma levels of DHEA-S, in all age groups, plasma DHEA-S levels were significantly higher values for men than for women. 3) Maximum plasma DHEA-S levels(men; 237+-3.35 ug/dL, women; 108+-17.5 ug/dL) were at third decade in both men and women. 4) Both men and women showed the continuous decline in plasma DHEA-S level with age. These age-related decline was more prominent in men than in women(men; y= -3.152 * +292.6, r2= 0.8459, P$lt;0.05, women; y= -1.417 * +143.3, r2 = 0.7278, P$lt; 0.05). 5) As an index of aging, there was no stastical difference between DHEA-S and DHEA- S/cortisol ratio. Conclusion: In healthy Korean, there were high interindividual variation of plasrna DHEA-S levels. In both men and women plasma DHEA-S level was peak at third decade, and from when it declined progressively with age. These results suggest that although the reliability of single plasma DHEA-S measurement are limited, the decline of DHEA-S with advancing age might be a specific marker of endocrinologic hormonal milieu(aging index). Also, concerning to individual adrenal secreting capacity, we measured DHEA-S/cortisol ratio. But we did not found that plasma DHEA-S/cortisol ratio is superior to the plasma DHEA-S level as an aging index. (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 12:245-254, 1997)

한국인 폐확산능 정상예측식의 임상적 유용성과 정확성

나승원 ( Seung Won Ra ),박태선 ( Tai Sun Park ),홍윤기 ( Yoon Ki Hong ),홍상범 ( Sang Bum Hong ),심태선 ( Tae Sun Shim ),임채만 ( Chae Man Lim ),이상도 ( Sang Do Lee ),고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),김우성 ( Woo Sung Kim ),김동순 ( Dong 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2008 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.64 No.2

Background: Park et al. developed the Korean reference equation for the measurement of diffusing capacity in 1985. However, the equation has not been widely used in Korea and foreign reference equations have been popularly used. We intended to compare the clinical usefulness and the accuracy of the the Korean reference equation (Park`s equation) with that of the foreign equation (Burrows` equation) that is commonly used in Korea. Methods: 1. Evaluation of clinical usefulness; Among 1,584 patients who underwent diffusing capacity (DLCO) at the Asan Medical Center from July to December 2006, group A subjects included 276 patients who had different interpretations of DLCO in trials employing Burrows` equation and Park`s equation. Clinical assessment was decided by consensus of two respiratory physicians. In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Burrows` equation and Park`s equation, agreement of clinical assessment and DLCO interpretation were measured. 2. Evaluation of accuracy; Group B subjects were 81 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and 39 normal subjects. The 81 ILD patients were diagnosed following a surgical lung biopsy. The accuracy of diagnosing ILD as well as sensitivity and specificity were evaluated according to the use of the reference equations (Burrows` equation and Park`s equation) for DLCO. Results: Agreement between clinical assessment and interpretation of DLCO was 22% for the use of Burrows` equation and 78% for the use of Park`s equation. The sensitivity and specificity of the Burrows` equation for diagnosing ILD were 64.2% and 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Park`s equation for diagnosing ILD were 90.1% and 100%. The sensitivity of the Park`s equation for diagnosing ILD was significantly higher than that of Burrows` equation (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Korean reference equation (Park`s equation) was more clinically useful and had higher sensitivity for diagnosing ILD than the foreign reference equation (Burrows` equation). (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;64:80-86)

Wuthering Heights 硏究 : 사랑과 복수를 中心으로

朴相滿 건국대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.23 No.1

This thesis is a study of Emily Bronte‥'s only novel, Wuthering Heiths Chiefly the fatalistic love of Heathcliff and Catherine And Heathcliff's Vengenance upon those around him, Hindley: Edgar Linton, Hareton, Isabella, and the love of Hareton and cathy, are also studied.Emily Bronte‥ who lived all her life located in Haworth, moorland of Yorkshire, left dozens of poems and only anti novel, Wuthering Heights and ended life at the age of thirty in 1848. Emily Bronte‥ si passionate as well as gloomy, and lacks stability, being abundant in wit along with eloquence, On the other hand, She is energetic, practical, stubborn as well as prosaic, and she has a silent temper of Yorkshire The Striking Constrast between heredity from parents and circumstances, plays as important role in forming the essence of her writings. Her life in her own closed world and her violent feelings thus repressed are considered to have produced such a romantic love-story as Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights is characterized by mighty and unrestricted passions, and a moderated softness, namely the two contradictory characters, passion and Sweetness. The story which Emily Bronte‥'s Novel, Wuthering Heights develops is a drama of love and hatred. The history of the two families, the Earnshaws and the Lintons of Yorkshire is one of love entangled in vehement passion and revenge over a periods of three generations. Heathcliff's love is never one to be allowed by the standard of social reasons because he devoted his life to the love of Catherine, and he deprived persons who interfered with his love of all their property. Catherine's love is not righteous, either, by the judgement of morral Conscience. while she loved Heathcliff, she was married to Edgar Linton and besides she loved heathcliff as Edgar's wife. Heathcliff's cruel vengeance disregared social morality and manners, and he was out of the range of the Consciousness of virtue and vice as well as beyond the limit of life and death. He was devoted only to Indulgence in primitive passion. Heathcliff was curt, blunt and the owner of a violent personality. He developed an inexhaustible passion for Catherine and pursed a course of cruel revenge against the Earnshaws and the Lintons. Heathcliff was transformed into a man of rough, persistent and rustic character, gradually receiving severe maltreatment from Hindley. In the world of Wuthering Heigths, hatred flaming with limitless revenge and inhumane cruelty flourishes in a context of endless love. The love of Hareton and Cathy in the end of the novel gives light on the sombre and gloomy situations, keeping the balance of the novel. Their love starts as the love between Heathcliff and Catherine did, but is Certainly expected to be normal and peaceful in the future. In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte‥ let us the instruction that make us realize the truth that a man who can boundlessly hate someone is a man able to love somebody endlessly.

체지방 측정기(Futrex-1000 body fat tester)로 측정한 소아의 체지방율에 관한 연구 : 학동기와 청소년기 아동을 대상으로

박상철,이동환,신상만,이상주,박준수,최석민,안재억 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

Using the infrared interactance(NIR method), the percentage body fat in 1,401 Korean children, aged 6-18years, was evaluated for normal and standard values. Correlation of percentage of body fat with age, weight, height, overweight(%), Kaup index and Rohrer index was also analyzed. The following results were obtained ; 1) In all the subject, weight and height showed standard growth(50-90 percentile) compared to growth data of korean children. 2) The percentage of body fat was decreased with increasing age and was measured higher in female than male. 3) The percentage of body fat was decreased with increasing height in both sex. 4) The percentage of body fat correlated negatively with age, heght, weight in both sex. In boys, the Rohrer index appeared to have a significant positive correlation with the percentage of body fat. (r=0.52454) In girls, the overweight(%) appeared to have a significant positive correlation with percentage of body fat. (r=0.56994) The Kaup index had no correlation with the percentage of body fat. This NIR method is safe, non-invasive, rapid, easy to use, and may be useful predict percentage of body fat, especially in the mass screening.

도시근린공원의 편익비용분석 : 청주시를 대상으로 A Case of Chongju

권상준,명현,박구원,이만희 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 1993 産業科學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

As a consequence of this study, the analyses of urban community parks in Chongju are as follows; 1. The total benefit of three scenarios can be calculated at 200,031, 255,197, 368,411 million Won, respetively depending on the scenario, which of the percentage of indirect benefit is 57.7%, 49.3%, 53.3% respetively in the order of the scenario . 2. The total cost can be calculated at 231,840 million Won. 3. The ratio of Benefit and Cost comes out in the order of the scenario 3, 2, 1, depending on the relative importance factors according to the benefit. 4. The priority of developing community parks depends on the hiearchical order factors: location, developed area, scale of parks.

증산의 풍수관(風水觀) 고찰 - 『전경(典經)』을 중심으로 -

박상만,Park, Sang-man 대진대학교 대순사상학술원 2015 대순사상논총 Vol.25 No.2

Master Jeungsan understood a general view of Pungsu but actually he used the theory of Pungsu in his own religious perspective, transcending it. The theory of Pungsu is different. But the fact that it is premised on the principle of 'in and yang', the five-element principle, the Book of Changes, energy thought, and To chugi piyung, etc. is generally recognized. The three important elements of Pungsu are mountain, water, and direction or man. Pungsu has formal principles such as Gallyongbeop, Jangpungbeop, Deuksubeop, Jeonghyeolbeop, Jwahyangbeop, and Hyeongukron. etc. In the late of Joseon, Jeungsan established a new traditional thought, understanding Bibopungsu, Gukdopungsu, Minganpungsu, etc. However, he reinterpreted them to be suitable to his religious ideal and let his followers understand them as well. In particular, Jeungsan overcame the previous view on earth and expressed a new perspective to enhance earth up to the level of heaven. In the perspective of the traditional world, earth is lower than heaven, but Jeungsan made it a status equal to heaven. He mentioned that in the past, the culture and history of man was influenced by earth's energy but today, at the age of man respect, he put passive man influenced by earth-condition on the more subjective and active status. Even though he mentioned different Pungsu, Hyeongguk, and Hyeolmyeong, he expressed the shape of Pungsu within the construction of three worlds, the one of heaven and earth transcending good or ill luck or a favorable change in fortune. He practised the expedient of Pungsu from the stand of the construction of heaven and earth instead of the usage of Bibopungsu, Gukdopungsu, and Minganpungsu. He diagnosed that the division of the world is caused by the one of earth and tried to solve it. Moreover, he said that Myeongdang(a propitious site) must be the man-orientation rather than the earth-orientation. It means that Pungsu, stressing the energy of earth and turning one's luck, is changing into the world of man-orientation. In other words, Jeungsan diagnosed the world of Pungsu but he ultimately used Pungsu theory in building up his own view of religious world transcending such a theory.

토마스 하디의 『비운의 주드』에 나타난 사회부적응 문제 고찰

박상만 ( Park Sang-man ) 대한영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This thesis aims to investigate the aspects of social inadaptability in Jude the Obscure. This work really develops into a battle between reality and ideal. The hero Jude is confronted with ruin by the struggle between Arabella for physical sexuality and Sue for spiritual one. Jude the Obscure, one of the best works in the Victorian Age, shows the aspects of his gloomy and deterministic viewpoint. In this work, The hero Jude seeking for social success arrives at the downfall in the end due to his burning desires that he tries to get over social problems. However, Jude’s characteristic weakness, strong sexual impetus, and habitual drinking cause the hero to destroy his life. In this work, Hardy indicates the structural contradiction regarding education, marriage, and religion problems in the Victorian age. Hardy deals with inner problems of human beings oppressed by the convention of the time. Jude attempts to live his life according to his own nature, rejecting social convention. In the work, Jude continues to struggle against his life to the end, and finally the hero Jude is destroyed by the social inadaptability. We can feel venerable as we see Jude fight against Fate to the end in spite of his character defects. Therefore, we can reach the conclusion that Hardy’s literature creates the lofty beauty of men’s spirit. (Wonkwang University)

개에서 이중 결찰법을 통한 동맥관 개존증의 완치 예

윤헌영,정순욱,박희명,박철,정만복,김준영,한현정,황민,노병국,박상혁,장하영,박정윤 한국임상수의학회 2004 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

A ten months old, female Yorkshire terrier weighing 2.88 kg referred to veterinary teaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, Konkuk University because of syncope, cough and dyspnea. First hematological and serum chemical test revealed thrombocytopenia, mild anemia, and increase of concentration of ALP (195 U/L). On 57 days later, second hematological and serum chemical test revealed polycythemia, increase of concentration of ALP (211 U/L), and Tchol (387 mg/dl). Right atrium enlargement, main pulmonary artery bulge and cardiomegaly (VHS = 11.5) were observed in radiographic findings. Ultrasonographic images showed both right and left ventricular dilation and turbulent flow between the descending aorta and the main pulmonary artery in color Doppler imaging. ECG showed left ventricular enlargement, SA block, and electrical alternant. Thoracotomy was performed through left fourth intercostal incision under isoflurane anesthesia. Patent ductus arteriosus was double ligated with 1-0 silk. Cough and dyspnea disappeared on 5 days after operation. Turbulent flow was not found in color doppler imaging of ultrasonography on 10 days after operation. Ten months later after the operation, syncope could not exist any more.

사지의 주요 동맥손상의 처치: 23증례에 대한 분석

원형섭,김상은,배성만,박철완,이 근,조상훈,김상일,우병완 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Extremity vascular trauma is common in most emergency centers, and controversy remains about the optimal management of arterial injuries. Retrospectively we reviewed the records of 23 patients who had upper or lower extremity arterial trauma from July 1994 to December 1995. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our department`s management policy to major arterial injuries. The leading cause of major arterial injuries was penetrating trauma. We found that there were clinical findings such as absence of or decreased strength of pulsation(82.6%), cool ischemic extremity(69.6%), large expanding hematoma(43.5%), major bleeding(17.4%) and bruit or thill(8.7%). We gave the priority to management of life-threatening injuries and applied the pressure dressing to wounds as early as possible. There were 18 men(78.3%) and 5 women(21.7%); the mean age was 35(range 20-56 years old) years. There were 12 arterial injuries(52.2%) in the upper extremity and 11 arterial injuries(47.8%) in the lower exteremity. The most commonly injured artery was the brachial artery in the upper(34.8%) and the femoral artery in the lower(30.4%) extremity. The etiology included knife stabbing in 10 patients(43.5%), motor vehicle accidents in 6(26.1%), industrial accidents in 4(17.4%), falls in 2(8.7%) and a farm equipment accident in 1 patient(4.3%). The associated injuries were muscle injuries(78.3%), fracture(56.5%), nerve injuries(52.2%), vein injuries(43.5%), shock(17.4%) and dislocation(13.0%). All patients with arterial injuries were given a preoperative prophylactic antibiotic and TIG(tetanus immunoglobulin). We used Doppler technique as a means of detecting the blood flow. Fourteen patients(60.9%) underwent preoperative arteriography in the radiology department. We performed surgical exploration as soon as major arterial injuries were suspected. The most common methods of treating major arterial injuries were interposition vein graft(69.6%) and end to end anastomosis(21.7%). Systemic or locally infused heparin was used for all vascular repairs. In many of our patients(56.5%), fasciotomy was performed before the vascular repair, as a part of the exploration of the distal arteries. There were 2 amputations(8.7%) but no death. The reason for secondary amputation were wound infection in one and failure to achieve sufficient arterial flow to the involved extremity with resulting gangrene in the other. As the time factor is vitally important in the management of arterial injuries, we advocate prompt and early surgical treatment within 6 hours of the trauma. In conclusion, we believe that the crucial factorsin successful management of major arterial injuries of the extremities are early diagnosis, prompt treatment, complete debridement, fasciotomy when indicated, and simultaneous treatment of concomitant injuries.

부신피질 호산성 과립세포종 1예

이성진,이호권,박철영,정인경,홍은경,오기원,김현규,김두만,유재명,임성희,최문기,유형준,박성우 대한내분비학회 2004 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.19 No.1

저자들은 건강검진에서 시행한 복부 초음파검사상 우연히 좌측 부신 종괴가 발견되어 복부 전산화 단층 촬영검사와 호르몬검사를 시행한 후 부신피질 악성종양과의 감별 진단을 위해 부신절제술과 전자현미경검사를 포함한 병리조직학적 검사를 시행하여 부신피질호산성 과립세포종으로 진단한 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 이를 보고하는 바이다. Oncocytomas are neoplasms, histologically are composed of epithelial cells, with abundant, acidophilic and granular cytoplasm. Electron microscopic studies of oncocytomas have shown that the cytoplasm of oncocytes is packed with mitochondria. The adrenal gland is a very rare anatomical site for oncocytomas, and to the best of our knowledge, only thirty-six cases of adrenal oncocytomas have been described. Herein, a case of a large adrenal mass in a forty-year-old man, which was incidentally detected by abdominal ultrasonography, is presented. This patient demonstrated no clinical manifestation associated with adrenal hyperfunction. Hormonal studies showed no abnormal findings, except for a mild elevation of the 24-hour urinary VMA level. Abdominal computed tomography with enhancement revealed a large, well-defined left adrenal mass, measuring 5.0×4.2 ×3.0 cm. The patient underwent a left adrenalectomy, and a light microscopic examination confirmed an adrenocortical oncocytoma, with characteristic oncocytes and polygonal, abundant, eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and vimentin as well as S-100, but negative for chromogranin on immunohistochemical staining. An electron microscopic examination demonstrated closely packed mitochondria, containing intramitochondrial inclusions. After surgery, there was no evidence of a recurrent or distant metastatic disease at the 5 month follow-up. In summary, an extremely rare case of a man with an adrenocortical oncocytoma is reported, which was confirmed by histological examinations, including electron microscopy (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 19:82∼89, 2004).