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Kim, Won-Hyung,Ko, Hee-Jung,Hu, Chul-Goo,Lee, Haeyoung,Lee, Chulkyu,Chambers, S.,Williams, A.G.,Kang, Chang-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4
Real-time monitoring of hourly atmospheric radon (Rn-222) concentration was performed throughout 2011 at Gosan station, Jeju Island, one of the least polluted regions in Korea, in order to characterize the background levels, and temporal variations on diurnal to seasonal time-scales. The annual mean radon concentration for 2011 was $2527{\pm}1356$ mBq $m^{-3}$, and the seasonal cycle was characterized by a broad winter maximum, and narrow summer minimum. Mean monthly radon concentrations, in descending order of magnitude, were Oct > Sep > Feb > Nov > Jan > Dec > Mar > Aug > Apr > Jun > May > Jul. The maximum monthly mean value (3595 mBq $m^{-3}$, October), exceeded the minimum value (1243 mBq $m^{-3}$, July), by almost a factor of three. Diurnal composite hourly concentrations increased throughout the night to reach their maximum (2956 mBq $m^{-3}$) at around 7 a.m., after which they decreased to their minimum value (2259 mBq $m^{-3}$) at around 3 p.m. Back trajectory analyses indicated that the highest radon events typically exhibited long-term continental fetch over Asia before arriving at Jeju. In contrast, low radon events were generally correlated with air mass fetch over the North Pacific Ocean. Radon concentrations typical of predominantly continental, and predominantly oceanic fetch, differed by a factor of 3.8.
Won-Hyung Kim,Hee-Jung Ko,Chul-Goo Hu,Haeyoung Lee,Chulkyu Lee,S. Chambers,A. G. Williams,Chang-Hee Kang 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4
Real-time monitoring of hourly atmospheric radon (Rn-222) concentration was performed throughout 2011 at Gosan station, Jeju Island, one of the least polluted regions in Korea, in order to characterize the background levels, and temporal variations on diurnal to seasonal time-scales. The annual mean radon concentration for 2011 was 2527 ± 1356 mBq m−3, and the seasonal cycle was characterized by a broad winter maximum, and narrow summer minimum. Mean monthly radon concentrations, in descending order of magnitude, were Oct > Sep > Feb > Nov > Jan > Dec > Mar > Aug > Apr > Jun > May > Jul. The maximum monthly mean value (3595 mBq m−3, October), exceeded the minimum value (1243 mBq m−3, July), by almost a factor of three. Diurnal composite hourly concentrations increased throughout the night to reach their maximum (2956 mBq m−3) at around 7 a.m., after which they decreased to their minimum value (2259 mBq m−3) at around 3 p.m. Back trajectory analyses indicated that the highest radon events typically exhibited long-term continental fetch over Asia before arriving at Jeju. In contrast, low radon events were generally correlated with air mass fetch over the North Pacific Ocean. Radon concentrations typical of predominantly continental, and predominantly oceanic fetch, differed by a factor of 3.8.
Chambers, S. D.,Hong, S.-B.,Williams, A. G.,Crawford, J.,Griffiths, A. D.,Park, S.-J. Copernicus GmbH 2014 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.14 No.18
<P>Abstract. We report on one year of high-precision direct hourly radon observations at King Sejong Station (King George Island) beginning in February 2013. Findings are compared with historic and ongoing radon measurements from other Antarctic sites. Monthly median concentrations reduced from 72 mBq m−3 in late-summer to 44 mBq m−3 in late winter and early spring. Monthly 10th percentiles, ranging from 29 to 49 mBq m−3, were typical of oceanic baseline values. Diurnal cycles were rarely evident and local influences were minor, consistent with regional radon flux estimates one tenth of the global average for ice-free land. The predominant fetch region for terrestrially influenced air masses was South America (47-53° S), with minor influences also attributed to aged Australian air masses and local sources. Plume dilution factors of 2.8-4.0 were estimated for the most terrestrially influenced (South American) air masses, and a seasonal cycle in terrestrial influence on tropospheric air descending at the pole was identified and characterised. </P>
Search for2νββdecay ofXe136to the01+excited state ofBa136with the EXO-200 liquid xenon detector
Albert, J. B.,Auty, D. J.,Barbeau, P. S.,Beck, D.,Belov, V.,Breidenbach, M.,Brunner, T.,Burenkov, A.,Cao, G. F.,Chambers, C.,Chaves, J.,Cleveland, B.,Coon, M.,Craycraft, A.,Daniels, T.,Danilov, M.,Dau American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.93 No.3
<P>EXO-200 is a single phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless pp decay of Xe-136 to the ground state of Ba-136. We report here on a search for the two -neutrino pp decay of Xe-136 to the first 0+ excited state, 0(1)(+), of Ba-136 based on a 100 kg yr exposure of Xe-136. Using a specialized analysis employing a machine learning algorithm, we obtain a 90% CL half-life sensitivity of 1.7 x 10(24) yr. We find no statistically significant evidence for the 20P decay to the excited state resulting in a lower limit of Ti-1/2(7 nu) (0(+) -> 0(1)(+)) > 6.9 x10(23) yr at 90% CL. This observed limit is consistent with the estimated half-life of 2.5 x 10(25) yr.</P>
송정민,김원형,강창희,이해영,이철규,S. Chambers,A. G. Williams 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.2
Atmospheric radon-222 (radon) measurements were made from 2009 to 2013 at the Gosan station of Jeju Island, one of the cleanest regions in Korea, in order to characterize the temporal variability (on diurnal, seasonal, and annual scales) and analyze the influence of changing air mass transport pathways on observed radon concentrations. The mean hourly radon concentration over the whole period was 2441 ± 1037 mBq/m3. The seasonal cycle of radon at the Gosan station was characterized by a fall maximum and summer minimum, consistent with a reduction in nonfrozen terrestrial fetch from fall to summer. In order, the seasonal mean radon concentrations were 2962 mBq/m3 (fall) >2907 mBq/m3 (winter) >2219 mBq/m3 (spring) >1756 mBq/m3 (summer). Based on a 5-year composite, the maximum mean monthly radon concentration in October (3100 mBq/m3) was more than twice the July minimum (1471 mBq/m3). Diurnal composite radon concentrations for the whole period increased throughout the night to a maximum of 2788 mBq/m3 at around 7 a.m., and then gradually decreased to a minimum of 2050 mBq/m3 at around 3 p.m. The winter diurnal cycle had a small amplitude due to the low variability in atmospheric mixing depth associated with recent air mass fetch over the Yellow Sea. The diurnal cycle in summer, however, exhibited a relatively large amplitude due to changes in atmospheric mixing depth associated with recent fetch over Jeju Island. Back trajectory analysis showed that high radon events were typically associated with long-term air mass fetch over continental Asia. Specifically, the average radon concentration of air masses originating from China was about 2.4 times higher than that of air masses originating from the North Pacific Ocean.
First search for Lorentz andCPTviolation in double beta decay with EXO-200
Albert, J. B.,Barbeau, P. S.,Beck, D.,Belov, V.,Breidenbach, M.,Brunner, T.,Burenkov, A.,Cao, G. F.,Chambers, C.,Cleveland, B.,Coon, M.,Craycraft, A.,Daniels, T.,Danilov, M.,Daugherty, S. J.,Davis, C. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.93 No.7
<P>A search for Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals in the double beta decay spectrum of Xe-136 has been performed using an exposure of 100 kg . yr with the EXO-200 detector. No significant evidence of the spectral modification due to isotropic Lorentz -violation was found, and a two-sided limit of -2.65 x 10(-5) GeV < (a)(of),(,3r) < 7.60 x 10(-6) GeV (90% C.L.) is placed on the relevant coefficient within the Standard -Model Extension (SME). This is the first experimental study of the effect of the SME-defined oscillation -free and momentum-independent neutrino coupling operator on the double beta decay process.</P>
산소 플라즈마에서의 분자살 적층성장에 의한 $CeO_2$ 박막의 성장과 구조
김용주,S.A. Chambers 한국진공학회 2000 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.9 No.1
The epitaxial growth of $CeO_2$ films has been investigated on three different substrates-Si(111), $SrTiO_3$(001), and MgO(001)-over wide range of growth parameters using oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Pure-phase, single-crystalline epitaxial films of $CeO_2$ (001) have been grown only on $SrTiO_3$(001). We discuss the growth conditions in conjunction with the choice of substrates required to synthe-size this oxide, as well as the associated characterization by menas of x-ray diffraction, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, low-energy electron diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction. Successful growth of single crystalline $CeO_2$ depends critically on the choice of substrate and is rather insensitive to the growth conditions studied in this investigation. $CeO_2$(001) films on $SrTiO_3$exhibit the sturcture of bulk $CeO_2$ without surface reconstructions. Ti outdiffusion is observed on the films grown temperatures above $650^{\circ}C$.
Professional Associations and Barriers to Intrapreneurship and Entrepreneurship
Joseph S. Merrill,Terry M. Chambers,Wayne A. Roberts KINFORMS 2008 Management Review Vol.3 No.1
This paper focuses on an entrepreneur in the Alaskan marine piloting industry who wanted to make changes to meet changing needs in the market, but faced obstacles from entrenched industry participants with established relationships with a powerful state-sanctioned board. This paper illustrates how professional associations working with and through the government can inhibit individual members from being innovative. This paper also reviews the literature pertinent to entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. This should be of interest to those interested in the impact of organizational and other barriers to entrepreneurial activity, as well as those interested in the marine piloting industry.