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Sato Harumi,Murakami Rumi,Zhang Jianming,Ozaki Yukihiro,Mori Katsuhito,Takahashi Isao,Terauchi Hikaru,Noda Isao The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.4
Temperature-dependent, wide-angle, x-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns and infrared (IR) spectra were measured for biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolymers, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx=2.5, 3.4, 10.5, and 12 mol%), in order to explore their crystal and lamellar structure and their pattern of C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding. The WAXD patterns showed that the P(HB-co-HHx) copolymers have the same orthorhombic system as PHB. It was found from the temperature-dependent WAXD measurements of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) that the a lattice parameter is more enlarged than the b lattice parameter during heating and that only the a lattice parameter shows reversibility during both heating and cooling processes. These observations suggest that an interaction occurs along the a axis in PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). This interaction seems to be due to an intermolecular C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding between the C=O group in one helical structure and the $CH_3$ group in the other helical structure. The x-ray crystallographic data of PHB showed that the distance between the O atom of the C=O group in one helical structure and the H atom of one of the three C-H bonds of the $CH_3$ group in the other helix structure is $2.63{\AA}$, which is significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals separation ($2.72{\AA}$). This result and the appearance of the $CH_3$ asymmetric stretching band at $3009 cm^{-1}$ suggest that there is a C-H...O=C hydrogen bond between the C=O group and the $CH_3$ group in PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). The temperature-dependent WAXD and IR measurements revealed that the crystallinity of P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx =10.5 and 12 mol%) decreases gradually from a fairly low temperature, while that of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx = 2.5 and 3.5 mol%) remains almost unchanged until just below their melting temperatures. It was also shown from our studies that the weakening of the C-H...O = C interaction starts from just above room temperature and proceeds gradually increasing temperature. It seems that the C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding stabilizes the chain holding in the lamellar structure and affects the thermal behaviour of PHB and its copolymers.
Evaluation of Simplified Repeated Resistance Training System for Severe Hemiplegic Stroke Patient
Michito Yasukita,Yuki Iida,Kazunori Yamazaki,Noritaka Sato,Yoshifumi Morita,Hiroyuki Ukai,Yoshiaki Takagi,Yoshitaka Aoki,Hirofumi Tanabe,Rumi Tanemura 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
We have developed a three-dimensional force display robot (3D robot) to discover and embody needs in rehabilitation site. Then we have exchanged opinions with therapists by using the 3D robot together in rehabilitation site. From a therapist" needs we have developed repeated resistance training system by using the 3D robot as one of the application of the 3D robot. On the basis of the results we have developed a simplified repeated resistance training system equipped with a user interface for easy operation for therapists. Moreover, we have developed a brace for fixation as the attachment between the training system and the patient’s arm. In this paper, we perform the functional evaluation of the simplified repeated resistance training system and the brace in the clinical site. These results are based on the opinions from the therapist and the patient. Moreover, we verify the therapeutic effects of the repeated resistance training using the simplified system for a hemiplegic stroke patient. The AROMs of pronation and supination of the patient were improved after repeated resistance training using the simplified system.