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Temperature and Magnetic-Field Dependence of Radiative Decay in Colloidal Germanium Quantum Dots
Robel, Istvá,n,Shabaev, Andrew,Lee, Doh C.,Schaller, Richard D.,Pietryga, Jeffrey M.,Crooker, Scott A.,L. Efros, Alexander,Klimov, Victor I. American Chemical Society 2015 Nano letters Vol.15 No.4
<P>We conduct spectroscopic and theoretical studies of photoluminescence (PL) from Ge quantum dots (QDs) fabricated via colloidal synthesis. The dynamics of late-time PL exhibit a pronounced dependence on temperature and applied magnetic field, which can be explained by radiative decay involving two closely spaced, slowly emitting exciton states. In 3.5 nm QDs, these states are separated by ∼1 meV and are characterized by ∼82 μs and ∼18 μs lifetimes. By using a four-band formalism, we calculate the fine structure of the indirect band-edge exciton arising from the electron–hole exchange interaction and the Coulomb interaction of the Γ-point hole with the anisotropic charge density of the <I>L</I>-point electron. The calculations suggest that the observed PL dynamics can be explained by phonon-assisted recombination of excitons thermally distributed between the lower-energy “dark” state with the momentum projection <I>J</I> = ± 2 and a higher energy “bright” state with <I>J</I> = ± 1. A fairly small difference between lifetimes of these states is due to their mixing induced by the exchange term unique to crystals with a highly symmetric cubic lattice such as Ge.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-4/acs.nanolett.5b00344/production/images/medium/nl-2015-003445_0005.gif'></P>
The Impact of Goal Relevance and Symbolic Relevance of a Brand on Islamic Identity and Royalty
Md Robel Akand,Sung-Woo Ryoo,Yang-Kee Lee 한국전문경영인학회 2020 專門經營人硏究 Vol.23 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 할랄 브랜드가 가지는 종교적 이상과 상징성이 이슬람 고객의 정체성과 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 연구이다. 본 연구의 방법은 설문지를 이용한 1차 데이터를 ANOVA 분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 가설을 위해 사용된 데이터는 방글라데시 거주 남녀 총 200명에게 설문을 실시하여 이중 유효한 180명의 응답자로부터 얻어진 것이다. 연구의 결과 브랜드가 가지는 종교적 이상과 상징성은 이슬람고객의 정체 성과 브랜드충성도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문이 가지는 공헌과 정책적 시사점은 향후 개방이 가속되는 이슬람 문화권에 진출할 한국기업에게 마케팅 전략수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공한다는 점이다. This study aims to investigate the meanings of goal relevance and symbolic relevance of a brand and its’ impact on Islamic identity. A total of 200 sets of questionnaires were distributed randomly in Bangladesh and the exact 180 sets of questionnaires were used to test the hypotheses by using ANOVA. The result of this study shows the goal relevance and the symbolic relevance of a brand has a significant influence on Islamic Identity. On the other hand, Islamic identity shows a positive attitude toward the brand with goal relevance and symbolic relevance. This study also found a positive impact of goal relevance and symbolic relevance of a brand on Islamic identity, and those who holds Islamic identity are called Muslim shows positive a attitude toward the brand. We expect that this paper will be a small contribution to the advancement of the Islamic market by governments and businesses.