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TMEM175 Is an Organelle K<sup>+</sup> Channel Regulating Lysosomal Function
Cang, C.,Aranda, K.,Seo, Y.j.,Gasnier, B.,Ren, D. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2015 Cell Vol.162 No.5
Potassium is the most abundant ion to face both plasma and organelle membranes. Extensive research over the past seven decades has characterized how K<SUP>+</SUP> permeates the plasma membrane to control fundamental processes such as secretion, neuronal communication, and heartbeat. However, how K<SUP>+</SUP> permeates organelles such as lysosomes and endosomes is unknown. Here, we directly recorded organelle K<SUP>+</SUP> conductance and discovered a major K<SUP>+</SUP>-selective channel K<SUB>EL</SUB> on endosomes and lysosomes. K<SUB>EL</SUB> is formed by TMEM175, a protein with unknown function. Unlike any of the ~80 plasma membrane K<SUP>+</SUP> channels, TMEM175 has two repeats of 6-transmembrane-spanning segments and has no GYG K<SUP>+</SUP> channel sequence signature-containing, pore-forming P loop. Lysosomes lacking TMEM175 exhibit no K<SUP>+</SUP> conductance, have a markedly depolarized ΔΨ and little sensitivity to changes in [K<SUP>+</SUP>], and have compromised luminal pH stability and abnormal fusion with autophagosomes during autophagy. Thus, TMEM175 comprises a K<SUP>+</SUP> channel that underlies the molecular mechanism of lysosomal K<SUP>+</SUP> permeability.
Fluorescent bioimaging of pH: from design to applications
Hou, J. T.,Ren, W.,Li, K.,Seo, J.,Sharma, A.,Yu, X. Q.,Kim, J. Royal Society of Chemistry, etc 2017 Chemical Society reviews Vol.46 No.8
<P>Protons play crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes, such as receptor-mediated signal transduction, ion transport, endocytosis, homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The urgent demand for pH imaging and measurement in biological systems has incited the development of fluorescent pH probes. Numerous fluorescent probes have been reported, but many lack the abilities needed for biological applications. Hence, the development of new pH probes with better biocompatibility, sensitivity, and site-specificity is still indispensable. This review highlights the recent trends in the development of fluorescent materials as essential tools for tracing pH variations in the biological processes of diverse living systems.</P>
Huang, J.,Ren, H.,Chen, K.,Shim, J.J. Academic Press 2014 Superlattices and microstructures Vol.75 No.-
Porous nanoflower-like, micropancake-like and microflower-like Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> micro/nanostructures were synthesized by a template-free aqueous solution route combined with subsequent thermal treatment. Techniques of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the products. The experimental results show that three kinds of morphologies of cobalt precursors can be achieved by addition of ammonia at different temperatures. The corresponding Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> hierarchical micro/nanostructures were obtained after 500<SUP>o</SUP>C calcinations. In addition, the obtained porous Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> hierarchical micro/nanostructures were used as catalyst to photodegrade Rhodamine B, methylene blue, p-nitrophenol, eosin B, and methyl orange. Compared with porous Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> micropancakes, the as-prepared porous Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoflowers and microflowers exhibit higher catalytic activities due to their large surface areas and porous hierarchical structures. The photocatalytic reaction rate constant of the porous Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoflowers in photocatalytic decomposition of Rhodamine B under UV light is calculated as 0.0828min<SUP>-1</SUP>.
Simple fabrication of nanoporous films on ZnO for enhanced light emission
Bang, J.,Kim, K.,Mok, S.,Ren, F.,Pearton, S. J.,Baik, K. H.,Kim, S. H.,Kim, J.,Shin, K. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.204 No.10
<P>High density nanoporous patterns were imprinted on bulk ZnO single-crystal substrates. The nanostamps were prepared via replication from nanoporous anodized alumina. Using the nanoimprinting technique, nanopatterns were successfully transferred onto the ZnO surface. Here we demonstrate that the light emitting efficiency of ZnO is highly enhanced through the simple nano-texturing. This simple method is applicable to any other light emitting diodes where the antireflective surface coating is desirable. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>
Band Offsets in YSZ/InGaZnO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure System
Kim, J.K.,Kim, K.-W.,Douglas, E.A.,Gila, B.P.,Craciun, V.,Lambers, E.S.,Norton, D.P.,Ren, F.,Pearton, S.J.,Cho, H. American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.5
The energy discontinuity in the valence band (Delta E-V) of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ)/InGaZnO4 (IGZO) heterostructures was obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The YSZ exhibited a bandgap of 4.4 eV from absorption measurements. A value of Delta E-V = 0.57 +/- 0.12 eV was obtained by using Ga 2p(3/2), Zn 2p(3/2) and In 3d(5/2) energy levels as references. This implies a conduction band offset (Delta E-C) of 0.63 eV in YSZ/InGaZnO4 heterostructures and a nested interface band alignment.
Choi, H.,Lee, C. W.,Lee, G. S.,Oh, M. K.,Ahn, D. J.,Kim, J.,Kim, J.-M.,Ren, F.,Pearton, S. J. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2006 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.203 No.10
<P>Self-assembled Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) with two different functional groups were successfully immobilized and chemisorbed on the surface of SiC substrates coated with thermally grown SiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Patterned PDAs on the surface of SiC with thermally grown SiO<SUB>2</SUB> have shown selective response only to α-CDs (cyclodextrins) and not to γ-CDs through the manipulation of the outer structures of these PDAs. This shows the potential of integrating PDA-based chemosensors with high temperature SiC microelectronics and MEMS systems. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>
Abernathy, C.R.,Gila, B.P.,Onstine, A.H.,Pearton, S.J.,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Luo, B.,Mehandru, R.,Ren, F.,Gillespie, J.K.,Fitch, R.C.,Seweel, J.,Dettmer, R.,Via, G.D.,Crespo, A.,Jenkins, T.J.,Irokawa, Y. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2003 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.3 No.1
Both MgO and $Sc_2O_3$ are shown to provide low interface state densities (in the $10^{11}{\;}eV^{-1}{\;}cm{\;}^{-2}$ range)on n-and p-GaN, making them useful for gate dielectrics for metal-oxide semiconductor(MOS) devices and also as surface passivation layers to mitigate current collapse in GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).Clear evidence of inversion has been demonstrated in gate-controlled MOS p-GaN diodes using both types of oxide. Charge pumping measurements on diodes undergoing a high temperature implant activation anneal show a total surface state density of $~3{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{12}{\;}cm^{-2}$. On HEMT structures, both oxides provide effective passivation of surface states and these devices show improved output power. The MgO/GaN structures are also found to be quite radiation-resistant, making them attractive for satellite and terrestrial communication systems requiring a high tolerance to high energy(40MeV) protons.