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19세기 러시아 텍스트에 반영된 한국의 지리적 명칭들과 전사(轉寫)의 문제
Raphael Gozdzik(라파엘 고직) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2000 동유럽발칸학 Vol.2 No.1
The main purpose of this small article is to trace back the process of the infiltration of Korean toponyms in the Russian texts throughout the 19th century The name "Korea" was introduced to Russian language rather late compared to other European languages such as Dutch. French. Portugese. and German because Russia for a long time had not paid attetion to this small far eastern country. The name "Korea" first appeared in Russian text when the travelogue of Kruzenshtern was published in Petersburg in 1809. From Kruzenshtern on. not a few documents and books conveying the information of Korean place names had been published in Russia The problems of these materials lie in the fact that most of them were translations of the works of other European travelers. mainly French ones. To make matters worse. the French author. Eyries. for example. used the system of transliteration based on Chinese or Japanese phonological rules when they wrote the place names of Korea in their books. For this reason , the Russian transliterations of the Korean toponyms were far from being correct. Even Goncharov's sailings to the Korean peninsular 44 years later since Kruzenshtern's book was published didn't improve the problems of the transliteration because his crews on "Pallada" didn't accept the correct local names of Korean bays. ports and seas despite that they were accesible to local Koreans at that time. Instead of using local Korean names , these sailors preferred Russian proper nouns. The trade agreement between Russia and China in 1860 was turning point in the history of Korea-Russia relations. Since then. the interest in this new neighboring nation was increased in Russian. Gel'mersen who was highly conscious of the problems of transliteration even attempted to use the diacritical marks for the writing system. Still , Russian authors were dependant on French missionary Dallet' s invention of writing Korean in Latin alphabets. The mutual pact between Korea and Russia in 1884 allow many Russians travel the Korean peninsular. They were accessible to local Koreans. As a result , the Russian texts at this time reflect many variants of the same place name. In 1900 , the author of "Description of Korea" established the system of transliteration in Russian based on Korean alphabet. For this , even the new characters a and 0 with diacritical marks on them were introduced Thus , the first step of the process for the unification of Russian transliteration of Korean toponyms end , which awaits for another long process in the 20th century.
Raphael J. Hochstrasser,P. Christian Endler,Sabine D. Klein 사단법인약침학회 2015 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.8 No.4
So far, most research attempts to explain the mechanism of the action of acupuncture have focused mostly on mechanically-triggered active factors and have produced inconclusive findings. In this study, we investigate whether acupuncture might also involve nonmechanical, nonpsychological active factors originating in the therapist. In 30 individuals, an acupuncture needle was inserted in the acupoint PC6 using a special device without touching the needle. A second device was used to fix the needle rigidly in place, excluding any mechanical transmission of movement from the handle to the needle's tip. Each participant was exposed in random order to a control and a stimulation phase. During the stimulation phase, the free needle's end was held by the therapist to allow the transmission of Qi; during the control phase, it was left untouched. Participants' subjective sensations during the stimulation phase and the control phase were recorded using a questionnaire. Twenty-two of 28 (79%; p = 0.003) test participants believed that they had received stimulation when it had actually been performed, and 26 (93%; p < 0.001) sensed differences between the two experimental phases. Thus, participants were able to sense the transmission of therapeutic Qi in the absence of mechanical or psychological factors.
Simulation and Knowledge Based Process Planning Through the Use of Metamodels
Raphael Hitz,Niko Manopulo,Pavel Hora 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
Planning a forming strategy to produce a complex geometry is still a challenge due to lack of intelligent software tools that support the designer. Finite element (FE) simulations can be used to predict material flow and feasibility of a metal forming process. In this work metamodels were used as a bridge to combine knowledge-based layout of forming steps and simulation-based process planning. This new approach makes it possible to suggest numerical validated process plans for a forming feature to the designer. The whole design space of possible process parameter variations was sampled regarding quality criteria (damage, topology deviations, maximum force) using computer experiments to get the support points of the metamodels. To handle this high workload of computer experiments an automated workflow was created based on scripts and FE tools. The fitted metamodels can be used to get hints regarding feasibility when no accurate numerical simulation results are yet available to the designer. Moreover the models can be used for fast optimization given the small computational cost of the function evaluation of metamodels. A computer aided process planning (CAPP) system was developed based on metamodels. The present concept is demonstrated for the forming feature “chimney extrusion”.
Characteristics of Maximal-Period Sequences Generated by Feedback-Switching NFSRs
Raphael Eboku,Akio Tsuneda,Kunihiko Kudou,Takahiro Inoue 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
We propose a method to generate sequences using feedback-limited nonlinear feedback shift registers (NFSRs) with switching the inputs to a fixed feedback circuit. Some characteristics of the pseudorandom sequences generated by the proposed method are investigated by numerical experiments.